Nutrition ATI Ch. 14 Renal Disorders

dietary recommendations for chronic kidney disease

-restrict sodium intake to maintain blood pressure -restrict potassium intake to prevent hyperkalemia -daily protein intake is 0.8 to 1.0 g/kg/day of ideal body weight -limit high-phosphorus foods (peanut butter, dried peas and beans, bran, cola, chocolate, beer, some whole grains)

dietary recommendations for end-stage kidney disease

-a high-protein, low-phosphorus, low-potassium, low-sodium, (2 to 4 g/day), fluid restricted diet is recommended -monitor vitamin D and calcium, and replace as needed

dietary recommendations for nephrotic syndrome

-adequate amount of protein intake is 0.7 to 0.8 g/kg/day -soy-based proteins can decrease protein losses and lower serum lipid levels -low-sodium diet of 2,000 to 3,000 mg/day can help control edema and hypertension

contributing factors to nephrolithiasis

-inadequate fluid intake -elevated urine pH -excess excretion through the kidneys of oxalate, calcium, and uric acid

therapeutic nutrition for nephrolithiasis

-increase fluid consumption at least 1.5-3 L/day -calcium oxalate stone formation: limit animal protein, excess sodium, alcohol, and caffeine use -calcium oxalate stone formation: limit spinach, rhubarb, beets, nuts, chocolate, tea, wheat bran, and strawberries -avoid megadoses of vitamin C -uric acid stone formation: limit foods high in purines, which include lean meats, organ meats, whole grains, and legumes

dietary recommendations for acute kidney injury

-protein intake can increase to 1 to 1.5 g/kg if the client is receiving dialysis, compared to 0.6 g/kg (40 g/day) for nondialysis clients -fluids are restricted to the client's daily urine output plus 500 mL during the oliguric phase -fluid needs are increased during the diuretic phase

A nurse is teaching a client about protein needs when on dialysis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) A. Consume 35 kcal/kg of body weight to maintain body protein stores. B. Take phosphorus binders when eating protein-rich foods. C. Increase biologic sources of protein, such as eggs, milk, and soy. D. Increase protein intake by 50% of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA). E. Consume daily protein intake in the morning.

A. Consume 35 kcal/kg of body weight to maintain body protein stores. B. Take phosphorus binders when eating protein-rich foods. C. Increase biologic sources of protein, such as eggs, milk, and soy. D. Increase protein intake by 50% of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA).

A nurse is planning care for a client who has ESKD. Which of the following should the nurse include in the plan of care? (Select all that apply.) A. Monitor the client's weight gain. B. Encourage the client to comply with fluid restrictions. C. Evaluate intake and output. D. Instruct the client on restricting calories from carbohydrates. E. Monitor for constipation.

A. Monitor the client's weight gain. B. Encourage the client to comply with fluid restrictions. C. Evaluate intake and output. E. Monitor for constipation.

A nurse is completing discharge teaching about diet and fluid restrictions to a client who has a calcium oxalate-based kidney stone. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Reduce intake of spinach. B. Decrease broccoli intake. C. Increase intake of vitamin C supplements. D. Limit consumption of purine substances.

A. Reduce intake of spinach.

A nurse is teaching a client who has stage 2 chronic kidney disease about dietary management. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the instructions? A. Restrict protein intake. B. Maintain a high-phosphorus diet. C. Increase intake of foods high in potassium. D. Limit dairy products to 1 cup/day.

A. Restrict protein intake.

A nurse is teaching about diet restrictions to a client who has acute kidney injury and is on hemodialysis. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Limit calcium intake to 2,500 mg/day. B. Decrease total fat intake to 45% of daily calories. C. Decrease potassium intake to 65 mEq/day. D. Limit sodium intake to 4.5 g/day.

C. Decrease potassium intake to 65 mEq/day.