Nutrition Ch. 11

An atherogenic diet is characterized as one that is:

high in saturated fats. high in trans fats.

Resting blood pressure should ideally be _____ or lower.

120 over 80

At what weight can a 165-lb. woman with hypertension who plans to lose weight first expect to see a significantly lower blood pressure value?

155 pounds

To help prevent hypertension Americans should limit their sodium intake to _____ mg per day.

2300

In men, aging becomes a significant risk factor for heart disease at age:

45

Salt-sensitive individuals are likely to include:

African Americans. those who have diabetes.

Which of the following holds the key to maintaining the best possible immune system support?

adequate nutrition

Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of hypertension?

age genes

Your friend's parents both have heart disease. She is considering having genetic testing done so she can see what changes she might be able to make to reduce her risk of developing it as well. What would you tell her?

being forewarned will help her to make lifestyle changes to reduce her risk

Heart disease in women is characterized by:

development at a later age than in men.

Which of the following nutrients plays a special role with respect to esophageal and colon cancer?

folate

The U.S. "Fruit and Veggies: More Matters" program encourages people to:

it can narrow passages in arteries and reduce blood flow to the heart

Examples of cruciferous vegetables include:

rutabaga. bok choy.

CVD is a man's disease.

F

All of the following are risk factors for CVD except:

diastolic blood pressure of 80.

Which of the following is associated with a reduced risk of CVD?

high HDL

Individuals with hypertension being treated with diuretics should consume foods rich in:

potassium.

Which of the following raises HDL concentration?

weight loss physical activity

For CVD prevention, trans fat in the diet should account for less than _____ percent of calories.

1

According to recommendations for reducing CVD risk, the percentage of calories from saturated fat in the diet should be no more than _____ percent.

7

The metabolic syndrome greatly increases a person's risk of developing:

CVD

Chronic diseases are the only type of diseases that afflict people in developed countries.

F

Dietary supplements can trigger extra immune power to fend off dangerous infections.

F

Health care providers are now able to tailor a person's treatment to prevent or minimize disease based on their identified genetic profile.

F

Which of the following individuals is at highest risk for developing hypertension?

Jack, a 40-year-old African American male whose parents had hypertension

A deficiency or toxicity of even a single nutrient can weaken the body's defenses considerably.

T

Constituents in foods may be cancer causing, cancer promoting, or protective against cancer.

T

Degenerative diseases are often referred to as chronic diseases.

T

Excess calories from carbohydrates, protein, and fat all raise cancer rates.

T

Metabolic syndrome with its cluster of factors raises the risk of CVD.

T

Obesity is a risk for certain cancers such as colon, breast, endometrial, pancreas, and kidney cancer.

T

Thirty minutes of brisk walking on at least 5 days a week can improve the odds against heart disease.

T

The best action to take to decrease your risk of cancer is to:

eat a wide variety of vegetables and fruits in generous quantities every day.

Which of the following must be given careful attention when feeding the person with AIDS?

food safety

Major actions in the arteries that lead to heart attack and stroke include:

formation of plaques leading to inflammation from a diet high in saturated fat. response to arterial damage by formation of blood clots that can break loose.

Which is the best meal to help reduce LDL cholesterol levels in the blood?

grilled salmon, wild rice, steamed broccoli, whole-wheat roll

A woman frequently has a dinner meal of grilled steak, baked potato with margarine, green peas, and a white dinner roll. Which food should be eaten less often to reduce her risk of breast cancer?

grilled steak

When trying to reduce the risk of heart disease, the most important risk factor to modify first is:

high LDL cholesterol because of its role in plaque formation.

Which of the following is not one of the risk factors for CVD?

high blood HDL

In general, studies of populations have suggested that low cancer rates correlate with:

high vegetable intakes. high whole grain intakes.

All of the following dietary factors are protective against CVD except:

a low-carbohydrate diet.

Which of the following is an example of the effect of certain nutrients or foods on gene expression and disease development?

a phytochemical found in broccoli and broccoli sprouts has been shown to reverse uncontrolled cancer cell division in laboratory studies supplementation of folate and vitamin B12 during pregnancy has been shown to turn off the "yellow and fat" gene in pups born to laboratory mice

Which of the following may offer a protective effect against colon cancer?

calcium

Laboratory studies suggest that diets high in _____ seem to promote cancer.

calories

Your uncle is considering taking an herbal medicine to control his hypertension after seeing an add for a product on the Internet. What information would you give him?

check to see if the herbs in the product have interactions with any drugs he is taking

To minimize risks of CVD you would:

choose more fruits and whole grains. consume 1 or 2 servings of fatty fish each week.

You are interested in controlling your risk of developing CVD. Which of the following would you do?

consume high levels of complex carbohydrates and fiber substitute fish for red meat twice a week

To help control blood cholesterol you would:

consume oats, barley, and legumes. limit foods with trans fatty acids.

Jack's physician has placed him on a diet recommended to control his blood cholesterol. In order to follow this plan Jack would:

consume £ 200 mg cholesterol per day. consume less than 7% of calories as saturated fat.

Dietary guidelines for cancer prevention include:

controlling energy intake. increasing intake of fruits and vegetables.

Which of the following would be a good suggestion for making small changes in the type of fat in your diet for better health?

instead of a snack of potato chips and sour cream dip eat baked tortilla chips and salsa

To lower LDL cholesterol levels you would tell someone to:

lose weight. increase physical activity.

Which of the following appears to help prevent and treat hypertension in certain populations?

magnesium potassium

Alcohol alone is associated with cancers of the:

mouth. breast.

Jeff is a 54-year-old male who is 5' 6" tall, weighs 165 pounds, and has hypertension. The single most effective dietary measure Jeff can take is to:

reduce his weight.

To reduce your risks of developing cancer you would:

reduce intake of saturated fat only. have a high fruit and vegetable intake.

The epigenome on the DNA strand has the responsibility of:

regulating the expression of genes by turning them on or off.

A man with pre-hypertension is trying to keep his blood pressure from going higher. Which of the following dietary changes might help?

remove the salt shaker from the table

In dietary recommendations to decrease the risk of CVD, trans-fatty acids are classified with _____ fat.

saturated

Arguments against genetic testing include all of the following except:

there is no evidence that information about genetic coding can be used to make lifestyle changes.

Wherever dietary fat consists mostly of _____ fats and fish, fruits, and vegetables are eaten in abundance, blood cholesterol and the rate of death from heart disease are low.

unsaturated

A 45-year-old man who is overweight and has several family members with heart disease is concerned about developing it. Which risk factor does he have the ability to improve or change?

weight

The technique that allows identification of inherited disease tendencies by comparing patterns of gene expression is known as:

DNA microarray technology.

Which of the following would be considered a risk factor for CVD?

LDL 160 mg/dL or higher

All of the following are actions on the cell in formation of cancer except:

all carcinogens damage or change the cell's genetic material to cause cancer.

Effects of protein-energy malnutrition on the body's defense system include:

the skin becomes thinner with less connective tissue. antibody secretions and immune cell number are reduced.

Which of the following is a major action involving blood pressure levels in the arteries?

when the pressure is at the right level, cells receive nutrients and oxygen and release their wastes