Nutrition Ch. 14

At mealtimes the best way to be sure children are receiving nutritional adequacy from the foods they eat is to:

allow them to select from nutritious foods you have prepared for the family.

Which of the following foods would be most acceptable to a child?

lightly crunchy steamed carrots

To promote dental health, children should be taught to:

limit consumption of sweet bottled beverages. brush their teeth soon after eating sticky, sweet foods.

What changes are seen in water balance as we get older?

our thirst mechanism does not work as efficiently so we may forget to drink fluids

Since 1950, the number of people _____ years old in the U.S. has increased 7-fold.

over 85

Which of the following worsens acne?

stress

In boys, the adolescent growth spurt peaks at:

14.

A six-year-old child needs approximately _____ calories a day.

1600

A 70-year-old woman needed 2000 calories to maintain her weight when she was 50 years old. How many does she need now if her weight and activity level are the same?

1800 calories

For people over 70, the best health and lowest risk of death have been observed in those who maintain a BMI between:

25 and 32.

After the age of 50, the intake recommendation for energy assumes a _____ percent reduction in energy output per decade.

5

Hyperactivity occurs in _____ percent of young, school-age children.

5 to 10

Older adults should drink at least _____ cups of fluid a day to provide needed water.

6

The life expectancy at birth for white women is:

81 years.

Which of the following children is(are) at significant risk for choking?

Charles, who is snacking on popcorn while watching television Billy, who is eating while running around the table

Which of the following statements is(are) true?

Children should eat at little tables. Children should be encouraged to stop eating when they are full.

Medical drugs do only good, but do not harm.

F

Nutrients missed from a skipped breakfast will be made up by children at later meals and snacks during the day.

F

Older adults are not able to maintain muscle mass and strength.

F

Television food ads have positive effects on children's nutrition.

F

An elderly woman wants to begin an exercise program to keep herself healthy. What would you advise?

She should aim for 150 minutes or whatever she can safely perform each week.

Dental caries are a serious public health problem afflicting a majority of people in this country.

T

Food labels must announce the presence of common allergens in plain language, using the names of the eight most common allergy-causing foods.

T

Many children prefer sweet fruits and mild-flavored vegetables served raw or undercooked.

T

People taking two or more drugs at the same time are more vulnerable to nutrient-drug interactions.

T

To prevent iron deficiency, children's foods must deliver 7-10 milligrams of iron per day

T

Which of the following is always a component of allergies?

antibodies

What nutrition practice can reduce the effects of arthritis?

antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil can reduce inflammation in joints

Ways to prevent a child from choking include:

avoiding dangerous foods such as chips and popcorn. encouraging the child to sit when eating.

What effect has caffeine, which is found in many food and drink products, been shown to have on the body?

caffeine can elevate blood pressure

A 75-year-old woman has been advised by her neighbor to take a multivitamin and mineral supplement. What benefit might she get from taking it?

calcium supplements may slow bone loss due to declining calcium absorption and reduced milk intake

Which of the following foods should be used infrequently in order to control dental caries?

chocolate milk

Joe is a 15-year-old active male. However, his parents are concerned that Joe is not growing properly. To assess his growth, Joe's parents should:

compare his height and weight with previous measures taken at intervals.

The best way to determine if a teenager is growing normally is to:

compare his or her height and weight with previous measures taken earlier.

Older adults should:

consume 14 grams of fiber per 1,000 calories consumed. limit the amount of saturated fat in their diets.

Which of the following can interfere with the absorption of certain antibiotics?

dairy products calcium-fortified juices

Tommy consumed a breakfast consisting of eggs, whole-grain toast with cheese, and orange juice. Shortly thereafter, Tommy experienced an allergic reaction. This reaction was most likely caused by:

eggs

The life-threatening food allergy reaction of anaphylactic shock is most often caused by:

eggs, peanuts, and milk.

A parent who wishes to protect her child from lead toxicity would do all of the following except:

feed the child additional protein.

A young child who used to like bananas now gets nauseated if he has to eat them. This has happened ever since he became ill two months ago from spinning on a carousel immediately after eating a banana in the playground. This would be an example of a:

food aversion.

Research suggests that _____ may worsen "hyper" behavior in children.

food colors

A teenager consumes a fast-food meal consisting of a hamburger, chocolate shake, and French fries. In order to consume an adequate diet, which of the following should be chosen at other meals during the day?

foods high in vitamins A and C good fiber sources

An elderly man wants to start a physical activity program to keep himself feeling good as he gets older. What nutrition adjustments should he make?

increased basal metabolism from exercise will allow him to eat more food

Which of the following can increase the anti-blood clotting effect of aspirin?

ginkgo biloba

Hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle also alter:

glucose tolerance. food intake.

An adolescent boy has developed extensive acne on his face and wants advice on what foods to avoid to help improve it. What should he do?

he should try to relax during spring break to relieve stress

A 7-year-old boy who is not eating breakfast before going to school because he doesn't want to miss the school bus will have all the following outcomes except:

he will make up the nutrients he missed by including them at lunch.

Which of the following may worsen the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis?

high intake of vitamin C

Which of the following would be the most appropriate snack for an active, normal-weight child?

ice cream

The 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommend that older adults:

incorporate balance exercises if they are at risk of falling.

The best way to introduce new foods into to toddler's diet is to:

introduce them at the beginning of the meal when the child is hungry.

A woman has been taking large doses of aspirin for six months to reduce the pain she has from arthritis in her back. What nutrient is most affected by this?

iron

People who take aspirin regularly should eat _____ foods regularly.

iron-rich

All of the following effects of watching television contribute to obesity except:

it presents positive images of overweight people.

Hyperactivity in a boy in kindergarten who cannot concentrate on his school work can be controlled by:

making sure he has regular mealtimes.

Lois is a 65-year-old female who participates in an exercise class at least three times a week. In addition, she drinks six glasses of water each day and consumes a lot of fresh fruits and vegetables and whole-grain breads and cereals. Lois has high blood pressure, takes medication for her hypertension, and experiences constipation frequently. Which of the following is the most likely cause of her constipation?

medications

Which of the following describes foods preferred by children?

mild flavors

Which of the following have been identified as affecting physiological age?

moderation in alcohol use regularity of meals

A child's appetite fluctuates after the age of:

one year

On the average, about _____ of a teenager's total daily energy intake comes from snacks.

one-fourth

School lunches are designed to provide at least _____ of the recommended intake for certain nutrients.

one-third

What is the most important nutrition concern for the person with Alzheimer's disease?

prevention of weight loss

Federal assistance programs can provide all of the following meal benefits to the elderly except:

providing an increase in Social Security payments to pay for a home chef.

The effect of physical activity for the elderly is to:

reduce development of the "dwindles."

What are the best recommendations to the elderly for eating out?

select deli-style meals from supermarkets because they can be portioned into appropriate serving sizes

An elderly widower is having difficulty preparing meals and eating by himself. What recommendation would you give him?

share your meals and time with others by inviting friends to dinner

An adolescent girl is drinking diet colas instead of milk because she wants to control her weight. What advice would you give her to aid in developing peak bone mass?

she needs to eat high-calcium snacks such as low-fat cheese

Whether or not a food is likely to result in dental caries depends on all of the following except:

the bacterial content of the food.

Actions of elderly adults that are having an impact on their nutritional health include all of the following except:

they are decreasing the use of alcohol to fight depression.

Normal, everyday causes of "hyper" behavior in children include all of the following except:

too much exercise.

Which of the following is not a cause of "hyper" behavior in children?

too much sugar

The woman with PMS should:

try a caffeine-free lifestyle for a while. get adequate sleep and physical activity.

Absorption of _____ appears to increase with aging.

vitamin A

To prevent early onset of cataracts the diet should provide an ample supply of:

vitamin C. vitamin E.

Children's intakes of which of the following nutrient(s) typically fall below recommendations?

vitamin D iron

An elderly woman in a nursing home no longer goes outside to enjoy the sunshine and fresh air, has reduced her meat intake because her dentures don't fit well, and has recently been having difficulty concentrating on conversations with others. This may be leading to a deficiency of which vitamins?

vitamin D and vitamin B12

A 2-year-old toddler is going through periods of food jags where she is concentrating on only one or two favorite foods to eat. Should her parents be concerned about her nutritional status?

yes, because she may not get adequate iron intake from the foods she selects

Is lead poisoning still a problem for young children?

yes, because there are still children with deficiencies of the vitamins and minerals that reduce absorption