Nutrition Ch. 4

Which of the following vegetables would provide the most carbohydrate?

A. 1-2 cup carrots B. 1-2 cup cooked dry beans C. 1 cup salad D. 1-2 cup tomatoes Answer: B. Starchy vegetables, including cooked dry beans provide as much as 15 grams of carbohydrate per 1-2 cup serving.

The minimum amount of digestible carbohydrate to feed the brain & reduce ketosis in an average-sized person is:

A. 35 grams/day B. 300 grams/day C. 130 grams/day D. 60 grams/day Answer:C.

How many grams of fiber per day does the American Dietetic Association suggest for an average adult?

A. 5-10 grams/day. B. 10-20 grams/day. C. 35-45 grams/day. D. 20-35 grams/day. Answer: D. About 2 times higher than the average intake of about 14-15 grams.

What percentage of total calories is recommended to be provided by carbohydrates?

A. 60-80% B. 45-65% C. 10-35% D. 15-25% Answer: B.

Which of the following foods provides almost no carbohydrates?

A. Beans B. Nuts C. Fish D. Fruits Answer: C.

All of the following would be good foods to provide calcium for someone who is allergic to milk EXCEPT:

A. Canned sardines. B. Calcium-fortified orange juice. C. Fruited yogurt. D. A fortified soy drink. Answer: C.

Which of the following diet recommendations is NOT recommended for those with diabetes?

A. Diet should be adequate but not too high in protein. B. Diet should be adequate in supplements to avoid deficiencies. C. Diet should be controlled in total carbohydrates. D. Diet should be low in saturated & trans fat. Answer: B. Diet should be adequate in nutrients from foods, not supplements, to avoid deficiencies.

Which of the following is a characteristic of a type 1 diabetic?

A. Drugs are often prescribed to stimulate the person's own insulin production. B. The person is insulin resistant. C. The person is usually overweight. D. Their pancreas makes little or no insulin. Answer: D. The person must receive insulin from an external source.

All of the following are warning signs of diabetes EXCEPT:

A. Frequent infections of the skin, gums, vagina, or urinary tract. B. Itching. C. Reduced urination. D. Drowsiness. Answer: C. Excessive urination is a sign of diabetes.

Which of the following are the monosaccharides?

A. Galactose, lactose, & glucose. B. Lactose, maltose, & sucrose. C. Fructose, glucose, & galactose. D. Sucrose, glucose, & fructose. Answer: C. Fructose, glucose, & galactose are monosaccharides, single sugars units that link to form di- and polysaccharides.

The first organ to respond to a rise in blood glucose levels is the:

A. Gall bladder B. Pancreas C. Stomach D. Liver Answer: B. The pancreas responds by releasing the hormone insulin, which signals the body's tissues to take up surplus glucose.

Which of the following parts of a wheat kernel is especially rich in vitamins& minerals?

A. Germ. B. Endosperm C. Husk D. Bran Answer: A.

Which chemical floods the bloodstream when the blood glucose concentration drops & cells need energy?

A. Glycemic B. Glycogen C. Glucagon D. Galactose Answer: C.

Which of the following carbohydrates is NOT found in foods from plants?

A. Glycogen B. Starch C. Fructose D. Sucrose Answer: A. Liver &. Muscles may store excess, circulating glucose as glycogen.

Scientific studies have consistently demonstrated that increased blood insulin levels cause excess body fatness & obesity.

True False Answer: False. Although insulin disturbance may trigger weight gain, this scientific truth remains: insulin can only assist in the storage of body fat when calories taken in are in excess of need.

Galactose occurs mostly in fruits & honey.

True False Answer: False. Galactose is one of two single sugars that are bound together to make up the sugar of milk.

The predominant types of diabetes mellitus is associated with the inability to produce insulin.

True False Answer: False. In the predominant type of diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes, the body is able to produce insulin, but the muscle, adipose, & liver cells lose their sensitivity to insulin.

Products sweetened with sugar alcohols are not considered safe.

True False Answer: Products sweetened with sugar alcohols are safe in moderation & are safer for teeth than sugars.

Monosaccharides need no digestion & are absorbed directly into the blood.

True False Answer: True

Which of the following is correct concerning honey?

A. It is made of fructose & maltose. B. It contains more calories per teaspoon than sugar. C. It is more nutritious than sucrose. D. It contains significant amounts of iron & magnesium compared to sucrose. Answer: B. Because the dry crystals of sugar take up more space than the sugars of honey dissolved in its water.

All of the following are characteristics of a diet recommended for a diabetic EXCEPT:

A. It is moderate in added sugars. B. It had the right amount of fiber. C. It is low in saturated fat. D. It is high in protein. Answer: D. The diet recommended for a diabetic should be adequate but not too high in protein.

Over 75% of the world's people, as they age, lose most of their ability to produce the enzyme _____.

A. Lactase B. Maltase C. Amylase D. Sucrose Answer: A

All of the following are consequences of consuming a diet that produces chronic ketosis EXCEPT:

A. Loss of bone minerals. B. An impaired sense of well-being. C. Deficiencies of vitamins & minerals. D. Decreased risk of kidney stones. Answer: D. Adults consuming a diet that produces chronic ketosis may face INCREASED risk of kidney stones.

Which of the following is NOT a health-related effect attributed to dietary fibers?

A. May raise blood cholesterol B. May prevent diverticulosis C. Improve the body's handling of glucose & the hormone insulin. D. Aid in maintaining a healthy body weight. Answer: A. Dietary fiber consumption may have a. Significant cholesterol-lowering effect.

The US Enrichments Act of 1942 was amended in 1996 to include which vitamin?

A. Niacin B. Riboflavin C. Folate D. Thiamin Answer: C. Often called folic of labels.

All of the follwing are correct about applying the glycemic index EXCEPT:

A. Results vary with the time of day. B. Research results confirm the benefits of diabetics employing glycemic index principles. C. People's glycemic responses to food vary widely. D. Food factors may change glycemic index results. Answer: B.

Which of the following sugar alcohols is calorie-free?

A. Sorbitol B. Erythritol C. Maltitol D. Xylitol Answer: B. Erythritol cannot be metabolized by humans so it is calorie-free.

Once in the bloodstream, the absorbed carbohydrates travel to the liver, which converts them to glucose.

A. Sucrose B. Fructose C. Resistant starch D. Glucose Answer: D.

When the body faces a severe carbohydrate deficit, it is forced to turn to _____ to make glucose for energy.

A. Vitamins B. Protein C. Minerals D. Fat Answer: B. This diverts protein from crucial functions of its own.