Nutrition Ch. 6

True or False: Vegetarian products are hard to find

False

True or False: the body links amino acids with peptide bonds to form lipids

False

Which of the following are true about complete protein sources?

Most foods of animal origin are sources of complete protein, supplies all nine essential amino acids

What are some health risks of plant-based diets for infants and children

Growth retardation, nutrient deficiency

Which of the following are examples of branched-chain amino acids and essential amino acids?

Isoleucine, Valine, Leucine

Which of the following individuals requires positive protein balance?

Middle-aged adult recovering from injury, Adolescent boy during growth spurt, Older adult recovering from injury

Which of the following supply the body with usable energy?

Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids

During protein synthesis, mRNA leaves the cell nucleus and travels through the cytoplasm to which organelle

Ribosomes

Which foods would supply the body with plant proteins

Sunflower seeds, veggie burgers, soy milk

Phytochemicals have been implicated in prevention of

cancer, cardiovascular disease

TRue or False: Nuts are not considered to ever be a healthy food choice

false

Which of the following are the two primary sources of fuel for cells?

fats, carbohydrates

A diet rich in animal sources of protein may increase risk for cardiovascular disease because

foods of animal origin are often high in saturated fat and cholesterol

Protein deficiency is rarely an isolated condition andusually accompanies

lack of nutrients, calorie deficiency

A ___ is a modified vegetarian because they will extend their vegetarian diet to include dairy products

lactovegetarian

What is the process of altering the three dimensional structure of a protein by treatment with heat, enzymes, acids, bases, or agitation

Denaturation

Inadequate intake of essential amino acids may lead to

Muscle wasting, impaired growth, slow production of body proteins

Which of the following might happen to someone with an illness

Negative protein balance

Proteins serve which of the following functions

Plays a role in enzyme and hormone production, regulates and maintains essential body functions, aids in blood clotting

Amino acids are the building blocks of?

Protein

True or False: In order to meet essential amino acid needs, a vegetarian would need to consume a variety of plant proteins

True

True or False: Nonessential amino acids can also be referred to as dispensable amino acids

True

Most plant proteins are examples of___ proteins

lower-quality

Victims of the type of protein-calorie malnutrition known as _____ have a "skin and bones" appearance with little or no subcutaneous fat

marasmus

The best way to obtain all of the essential amino acids is

Whole foods

How do proteins contribute to acid-base balance of the blood?

pumps ions into and out of cells, serve as buffers that resist changes in pH

True or False: Amino Acids are formed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen

false

How are illness and infection related to under nutrition?

having an illness or infection increases risk for undernutrition, being undernourished increases risk for illness and infections

What macronutrient is a key compnent of the cells within the immune system and makes up many of the antibodies that defend the body from illness

protein

Where is DNA located in a cell?

Nucleus

True or False: Exceeding the RDA for protein may contribute to increased body fat

True

It is the role of ____, located in the cell's nucleus, to store the instructions for protein synthesis

DNA

There are a total of ___ nonessential amino acids that the body needs in order to function

11

How many different amino acids does the body use (including essential and nonessential)?

20

Proteins supply the body with about ______Kilocalories per gram

4

The typical diet provides about____ percent of protein as essential amino acids, when only 11 percent is required

50

What is the RDA of protein for a typical (154) man?

56 grams

Anemia, nerve damage, and mental dysfunction are all associated with a vitamin_____ deficiency

B-12

a ____ is any compound that resists changes in acid-base conditions in a solution

Buffer

____ involves a buildup of excess fluid in tissues

Edema

True or False: A fruitarian is a healthy way for people to include more nutrients in their diet

False

True or False: Blood proteins have no influence on body fluid balance

False

True or False: Essential amino acids are also known as dispensable amino acids

False

True or False: Essential amino acids must be met at each meal

False

True or False: PEr Kilgram of body weight, the RDA for protein is highest during adulthood

False

Garden pea, soybeans, and kidney beans are all examples of______; a plant family with pods containing a row of seed

Legumes

Which of the following is a function of protein

Protein is necessary for fluid balance and the visual process, protein supplies nitrogen in a form we can readily use.

Of the following, ____ are most likely to choose a vegetarian lifestyle

Seventh-Day Activists

How does changing a protein's shape affect the protein?

The protein loses its biological activity, it destroys the protein's ability to function normally

Lower-quality proteins are dietary proteins that are low in or lack, one or more essential

amino acids

The majority of protein consumed by North Americans comes from____ sources

animal

Vitamin B-12 is only found naturally and in abundance in ____ foods

animal

May of the proposed anti-cancer effects of food containing plant protein are through_____ mechanisms

antioxidant

In order for amino acids to be available for absorption, proteins must be ______ during digestion

denatured

Most animal proteins are a good source of all nine_____ amino acids.

essential

Incorrect mRNA production and incorrect polypeptide chain production both result from an error in the ____ code

genetic

Which of the following are potential causes of denaturation?

heat, stomach acid

___ protein balance occurs when a person consumes less protein than is needed

negative

A _____ protein balance occurs when protein intake exceeds daily protein losses

positive

Although usually reserved for tissue synthesis and repair, protein can be used to meet energy needs during prolonged exercise and during calorie restriction

protein

Almost all enzymes are_____

proteins

Chemical digestion of proteins takes place in the

stomach and small intestine

Sickle cell anemia is an example of what happens when there is a variation in

the DNA code

Phytic acid limits the absorption of ____, a mineral commonly found in whole grains, legumes, and nuts

zinc

Plant proteins are a heart-healthy alternative to animal proteins because they typically contain less or no____ than animal sources of protein.

cholesterol, saturated fat

Which of the following are benefits of including plant proteins in the diet?

Abundance of phytochemicals, Cholesterol-free, Economical source of protein

True or False: The "New American Plate" contains fewer plant-based foods compared to the typical American plate

False

In developing countries, which circumstance may increase the risk for protein-calorie malnutrition?

Deficiency of Calories and Protein

Which of the following is the best example of a situation where the denaturation of proteins is useful?

Digestion

True or False: The risk of death from Chronic diseases is higher in vegetarians

False

____ is a major stomach enzyme used for digesting proteins

Pepsin

____ from plant-base foods help prevent chronic disease

Phytochemicals

Which of the following meals would be acceptable for a lactoovovegetarian

Poached eggs, whole-wheat toast, banana; orange juice; Spinach and artichoke lasagna with alfredo sauce, italian bread, iced teas

___ is a nutrient that forms important structures in the body, makes up a key part of the blood, helps regulate many body functions, and can fuel body cells. Amino acids join together to form this nutrient

Protein

Which of the following occurs when the amount of protein consumed equals the amount of protein lost?

Protein Equilibrium

Which of the following occurs with inadequate consumption of protein

Protein concentration in the blood drops, Edema can develop, Immune function is impaired

True or False: A protein deficiency usually accompanies a deficiency of calories and nutrients

True

Mixed diets provide high-quality protein because______ proteins are being consumed

complementary

Which of the following statements about kwashiorkor are true

fatty liver is a possible consequence, Edma is a possible consequence, a young child may develop kwahiorkor when he is abruptly weaned from breast milk to starchy gruels(lack of growth)

____- protein diets can lead to kidney problems and are not recommended for people with kidney disease

high

a ____ amino acid is the essential amino acid in lowest concentration in a food or diet relative to body needs and limits the amount of protein a body can synthesize

limiting

a _____ amino acid is one that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts

nonessential

A____ bond is formed between amino acids in a protein. It is difficult to break, but acids, enzymes and other agents are able to do so during digestion

peptide

a ____ bond is a chemical bond formed between single amino acids in a protein

peptide

Most ______ proteins do not meet the human need for essential amino acids. These proteins are frequently low in one or more of the nine essential amino acids.

plant, lower-quality, incomplete

The live and kidneys must work hard to derive energy from_____ protein, which makes it a costly source of Calories

protein