Nutrition Ch.18 Review

_____________________________ is the most common form of cardiovascular disease.

Coronary artery disease

Vitamin D

Regulates immune cell (T-cell) responses; participates in antibody production.

Which of the following is a recommendation of the Healthy Eating Plate? a. Limit milk/dairy to one to two servings a day. b. Limit fruits that are naturally high in sugar. c. Choose healthy fats such as coconut oil and butter. d. Limit grains to reduce calorie intake.

a. Limit milk/dairy to one to two servings a day.

Which action will decrease carcinogen formation when grilling meat? a. Marinate meat beforehand. b. Grill at high temperatures for a short period of time. c. Choose leaner cuts of meat. d. Flip the meat as little as possible.

a. Marinate meat beforehand.

According to the Healthy Eating Plate, which of the following does NOT count as a vegetable? a. Pizza sauce b. French fries c. Corn d. Canned green beans

b. French fries

Which food is most appropriate for treating hypoglycemia? a. Chocolate milk b. Orange juice c. Peanut butter crackers d. Cheddar cheese

b. Orange juice

The top two leading causes of death in the United States are ______ and ________.

heart disease; cancer

Order the steps of cancer development from 1 to 4.

1. mass of normal cells 2. promoters enhance the development of abnormal cells, resulting in the formation of a tumor 3. mutagens alter the DNA in a cell and induce abnormal cell division 4. cancerous tumor cells metastasize

A heart attack is also referred to as a

myocardial infarction

A downward _____________________________ spiral is often seen when impaired immunity leads to infectious diseases that further increase nutrient needs while decreasing food intake.

synergistic

Omega-3 fatty acid

Helps to resolve inflammation when it is no longer needed for the immune response through the production of lipid mediators known as resolvins and protectins, which also play a role in enhancing host defense

Which cells are the scavengers of the immune system, engulfing and digesting foreign invaders if necessary? a. Macrophages b. Neutrophils c. Lymphocytes d. Phagocytes

d. Phagocytes

An abnormal enlargement or bulging of a blood vessel (usually an artery) caused by damage to or weakness in the blood vessel wall is called an

aneurysm

Which disease is NOT a CHD risk equivalent? a. Peripheral arterial disease b. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease c. Abdominal aortic aneurysm d. Diabetes mellitus

b. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

In the United States, medicinal herbs' safety and effectiveness are regulated like other medications. a. True b. False

b. False

Type I diabetes is the more prevalent form of diabetes caused by insulin resistance. a. True b. False

b. False

Which portion of food is one carbohydrate choice? a. One cup of milk b. One banana c. One cup of corn d. One cup of cooked oatmeal

b. One banana

Compared to the typical American diet, which nutrient does the DASH diet NOT necessarily provide more than the typical American diet? a. Fiber b. Phosphorous c. Potassium d. Magnesium

b. Phosphorous

A diet low in vitamins and minerals is a risk factor for developing which disease? a. Obesity b. Stroke c. Cancer d. Type 2 diabetes

c. Cancer

All of the following are protective factors against various forms of cancer, EXCEPT: a. Non-starchy vegetables b. Lactation c. Diets high in calcium d. Physical activity

c. Diets high in calcium

Which of the following does diabetes NOT underlie or contribute to? a. Heart disease b. Stroke c. Liver disease d. Kidney failure

c. Liver disease

Levels of which mineral may need to be monitored in a person with hypertension taking a diuretic? a. Phosphorous b. Magnesium c. Potassium d. Sodium

c. Potassium

Age of onset is typically before 30 years old No insulin secretion Always requires insulin therapy

Type 1 diabetes

Accounts for 90-95% of diabetes cases Associated with obesity, aging, and inherited factors

Type 2 diabetes

Which of the following is NOT typically recommended for disease prevention? a. Living a physically active lifestyle b. Achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight c. Taking dietary supplements d. Choosing a diet that is abundant in plant foods

c. Taking dietary supplements

Mary is a 25-year-old African American woman who has a family history of high blood pressure. She has not been diagnosed with hypertension, but her BMI is 31, and her diet is high in processed foods. Her doctor tells her she has several risk factors for developing hypertension. Which of the following is NOT currently a risk factor for Mary? a. Age b. Ethnicity c. Obesity d. Sodium intake

a. Age

In type 2 diabetes, insulin secretion can be normal, increased, or decreased. a. True b. False

a. True

Nutrition plays a role in both of the two top causes of death in the United States. a. True b. False

a. True

The inflammatory response of atherosclerosis weakens the walls of the arteries and may cause an aneurysm. a. True b. False

a. True

Which of the following is NOT a diet-related risk factor associated with chronic diseases in this chapter? a. A diet high in added sugars b. A diet low in vitamins and minerals c. A diet high in pickled foods d. A diet high in artificial sweeteners

d. A diet high in artificial sweeteners

Alcohol use is NOT a risk factor for which type of cancer? a. Postmenopausal breast b. Mouth, pharynx, and larynx c. Liver d. Kidney

d. Kidney

Protein

Maintains healthy skin and other epithelial tissues; participates in the synthesis and function of the immune system's organs and cells and antibody production

Vitamin A

Maintains healthy skin and other epithelial; participates in the cell replication and specialization that supports immune-cell and antibody production and the anti-inflammatory response