Nutrition Ch.6

monounstaturated fatty acids (def)

only one double bond

Fatty acids

provide nrg for muscles and cells

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (function)

reduce LDL cholesterol and HDL, but do not contribute to plaque formation

monosaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (function)

reduces LDL levels, do NOT reduce HDL

Plant sterols and stanols (function)

reduces amnt of cholesterol absorbed

triglyceride

three fatty acids connected to glycerol

liporoteins (functions)

transport lipids throughout the body

HDL lipoproteins

"good lipoproteins" doesnt contribute to plaque formation

unsaturated fats> trans fats or saturated fats

-

Structure of fatty acid

Omega end-hydrocarbon chain-carboxylic acid

Omega3 fatty acids (functions)

can help reduce chances of Alzheimers, certain cancers, depression, etc

unsaturated fatty acid (Def)

carbon atom is missing a hydrogen, and the carbons have double bonds

types of lipoproteins

chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, HDL(<mostly proteins)

Partial hyrdrogenation

creates trans fats by adding hydrogen atoms to UFAs in vegetable oils (partially hydrogenated oils)

lipoprotein lipase (LPL)

enzyme that breaks down lipids

Atherosclerosis

fat deposition in arteries leading to hardening (arteriosclerosis)

omega-3 fatty acids (Def)

first double bond from the omega end is at the third carbon

Omega 6 fatty acids (def)

first double bond is at the sixth carbon

omega 3 foods

fish/ shellfish, walnut-flaxxseed-canola-soybean oils, algae

lipid digestion (end products)

glycerol, fatty acids, monoglycerides, cholesterol and phospholipid fragments are all end products

Saturated fatty acids (Def)

have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible and no double bonds (every carbon has a hydrogen)

Phospholipid

hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail

Sterols

more complex lipids than triglycerides/ or phospholipids (cholesterol)

Fats that contain large amounts of trans fats are

more solid at room temp

Essential fatty acids (types)

omega 3(alpha linolenic) and omega 6(linolenic)

polyunsaturated fatty acid (Def)

a fatty acid with two or more points of unsaturation

Trans fats

when the hydrogens on an unsaturated fatty acid are split on two sides instead of one (raise blood lvls of unhealthy cholesterol)