Nutrition Ch8
_________ are a good source of vitamin B-12. Raw carrots Lean meats Bananas Walnuts
LEAN MEATS
When cooking green beans, Jamal likes to add baking soda to the cooking water, because it keeps the color of the beans from turning olive green. As a result of this practice, Jamal's green beans have ________ than green beans cooked in plain water. more essential amino acids greater fatty acid content less vitamin C fewer kilocalories
LESS VITAMIN C
Which of the following foods is the best source of preformed vitamin A? Carrots Liver Soybeans Apples
Liver
Which of the following organs is the leading site for cancer deaths among American men and women? Lung Breast Liver Prostate
Lung
Which of the following foods provides the most beta-carotene per serving? Bacon, 1 strip, cooked Mango, 1 medium, raw Plain yogurt, 1/2 cup Pear, 1 medium, raw
Mango, 1 medium, raw
Matt is a vegan. As a result of his diet, he consumes no sources of preformed vitamin A. Which of the following statements explains why he has not developed a deficiency of vitamin A? Matt's dietsupplies high amounts of beta-carotene. Matt's diet isrich in vitamin C, which reduces his need for vitamin A. Matt eats plenty of vitamin B-enriched cereal products. Matt's diet contain high amounts of tryptophan.
Matt's diet supplies high amounts of beta-carotene.
Which of the following statements is true? Vitamins supplyabout 2 kcal per gram. The body excretesfat-soluble vitamins more easily than water-soluble vitamins. The body stores vitamins in the liver, spleen, and bones. Most vitamins cannot be synthesized by the human b
Most vitamins cannot be synthesized by the human body
Felicity's LDL cholesterol level is too high. To lower her cholesterol level, she took large doses of a certain vitamin supplement, but she experienced gastrointestinal ulcers and liver damage as a result. Based on this information, which vitamin did she take? B-12 Niacin Vitamin C Riboflavin
Niacin
Which of the following vitamins does not play a direct role in energy metabolism? Thiamin Niacin Vitamin B-12 Pantothenic acid
Niacin
Which of the following vitamins is part of a coenzyme that participates in energy metabolism? Vitamin A Vitamin K Pantothenic acid Ascorbic acid
Pantothenic acid
Which vitamin is needed to make coenzyme A? Pantothenic acid Vitamin A Vitamin B-6 Biotin
Pantothenic acid
________ are water-soluble vitamins. Niacin,riboflavin, and thiamin Vitamins K, D, andE Pantothenic acid,vitamin A, and choline Vitamins B-12,B-6, and E
Pantothenic acid,vitamin A, and choline
Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin C? Cheese Papaya Chicken Whole-wheat bread
Papaya
Which of the following hormones acts to increase calcium absorption and decrease urinary calcium excretion? Parathyroid hormone Glucagon Antidiuretic hormone Insulin
Parathyroid hormone
Which of the following hormones acts to increase calcium absorption and decrease urinary calcium excretion? Parathyroidhormone Glucagon Antidiuretic hormone Insulin
Parathyroid hormone
Which of the following statements is true? Technically,vitamin E is not a vitamin because the body can make the nutrient. Premature infantsare at risk of vitamin E deficiency. Megadoses ofvitamin E are associated with bone pain, general weakness, and death. According toscientific research, 75% of Americans consume diets that supply excessiveamounts of vitamin E.
Premature infants are at risk of vitamin E deficiency.
Issac is an 8-year-old child who has African ancestry. He lives in Chicago and does not spend much time outdoors. He does not like to consume dairy foods because he has lactose intolerance. His diet consists primarily of enriched white bread, peanut butter, chicken, pork, apples, bananas, and green vegetables. Based on this information, Issac has a high risk of ________. pellagra beriberi scurvy rickets
RICKETS
Which of the following vitamins plays a direct role in energy metabolism? Vitamin A Vitamin K Vitamin C Riboflavin
Riboflavin
Blake is a college student whose diet consists primarily of refined white bread, chicken, meat, cheese, yogurt, and milk. Furthermore, he doesn't take dietary supplements. Based on this information, Blake has a high risk of developing ________. beriberi scurvy pellagra neural tube defects
SCURVY
Which of the following statements is true? Scientists think all vitamins have been discovered. Biotin is a vitamin-like substance for humans. Vitamins are classified as being soluble in either alcohol or fat. The first vitamin was discovered in 1960.
Scientists think all vitamins have been discovered.
Which of the following statements is true? Excessive intakesof vitamin D cause rickets in children. Skin can form previtamin D after being exposed to sunlight. Pellagra is thevitamin D deficiency disorder in adults. Vitamin D is necessary for proper collagen formation.
Skin can form previtamin D after being exposed to sunlight.
Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin K? Bread made from refined wheat flour Ground beef Soybean oil Orange juice
Soybean oil
Which of the following statements is true about vitamins? Chemically, theyare the same as minerals. Compared to protein, the body requires vitamins in larger quantities. Excesses can beconverted to glucose for energy. They are usually in foods that Americans commonly eat.
They are usually in foods that Americans commonly eat.
________ is added to refined cornmeal during the grain enrichment process. Vitamin B-6 Thiamin Vitamin D Choline
Thiamin
________ are water-soluble vitamins. Vitamin D, A, andE Thiamin, vitaminK, and niacin Pantothenic acid,vitamin C, and thiamin Vitamin A,riboflavin, and vitamin C
Thiamin, vitaminK, and niacin
Niacin is a B vitamin that is needed for energy metabolism. True False
True
Niacin is a water-soluble vitamin. True False
True
When healthy skin is exposed to sunshine, it forms a substance that the body converts to active vitamin D. True False
True
Which of the following vitamins is a teratogen, when consumed in excess? Pantothenic acid Choline Vitamin C Vitamin A
Vitamin A
Dorothy is a 65-year-old woman with pernicious anemia. What treatment would her doctor recommend? Iron supplements Vitamin B-12 injections Vitamin C supplements A vegan diet
Vitamin B-12 injections
Your best friend eats plenty of meats and dairy products but avoids eating fruits and vegetables. She bruises easily, her sores take a long time to heal, and her gums bleed when she brushes her teeth. Based on this information, which of the following vitamins is most likely to be deficient in her diet? Pantothenic acid Vitamin B-6 Vitamin B-12 Vitamin C
Vitamin C
According to the Dietary Guidelines, which of the following vitamins is a "nutrient of public health concern"? Pantothenic acid Choline Vitamin D Vitamin B-6
Vitamin D
Which of the following vitamins functions as a hormone in the human body? Vitamin C Niacin Riboflavin Vitamin D
Vitamin D
________ are fat-soluble vitamins. Niacin,riboflavin, and thiamin Vitamins B-12,B-6, and E Pantothenic acid,vitamin E, and choline Vitamins K, D, andA
Vitamins K, D, andA and E
Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin C? Beef steak Fat-free milk Whole-wheatbread White potato
WHITE POTATO
Which of the following foods is not a good source of thiamin? Whole milk Pork chops Bread made from enriched wheat flour Wheat germ
Whole Milk
Humans need vitamin B-6 for ________. magnesium absorption vitamin C synthesis carbohydrate excretion amino acid metabolism
amino acid metabolism
A researcher has isolated an organic, water-soluble chemical from roses. After performing in vivo tests, the scientist determines that the chemical supplies no energy for cells, but protects cell membranes from being damaged by certain environmental factors. Based on this information, the researcher may have discovered a(an) ________. antioxidant amino acid precursor autoanalyzing agent
antioxidant
In general, yellow, red, and orange fruits and vegetables are rich sources of ________. gelatin essential amino acids beta-carotene vitamin D
beta-carotene
The human body can absorb some ________ that is synthesized by intestinal bacteria. vitamin C riboflavin biotin beta-carotene
biotin
In underdeveloped countries, severe vitamin A deficiency is a major cause of ________. diabetes mellitus megaloblastic anemia blindness beriberi
blindness
Adding a small amount of ________ to cooked vegetables can enhance the intestinal tract's ability to absorb the fat-soluble vitamins they contain. water wine butter sugar
butter
Eating cruciferous vegetables regularly may reduce the risk of cancer. Which of the following foods is a cruciferous vegetable? Iceberg lettuce Cabbage Celery Cucumber
cabbage
Becky's 2-year-old-son can not walk because he was born with spina bifida. To reduce the chances that her next baby is born with this birth defect or related disorders, Becky should ________. consume green leafy vegetables, drink orange juice, and take a folic acid supplement before getting pregnant eat at least 3 ounces of fatty fish three times a week, take vitamin A and D supplements, and drink at least 2 cups of fat-free milk during the first three months of pregnancy take pantothenic acid, B-6, and B-12 supplements before getting pregnant take iron, zinc, and magnesium supplements during the first month of pregnancy, then eat more whole-grain breads and cereals for the remaining months of pregnancy
consume green leafy vegetables, drink orange juice, and take a folic acid supplement before getting pregnant
Which of the following food groups includes foods that are rich sources of riboflavin? Fruits Vegetables Dairy Oils
dairy
The classic signs and symptoms of pellagra include ________. heartburn weak bones dermatitis night blindness
dermatitis
A medical researcher has isolated a chemical from cigarette smoke. When the scientist mixes a small amount of the substance with living human cells, the chemical damages unsaturated fatty acids in the cells' plasma membranes. He is able to prevent this damage by adding vitamin E to the mixture of the chemical and cells. Based on this information, the scientist has ________. determined that the chemical in cigarette smoke is an oxidizing agent discovered a vitamin-based cure for lung cancer conducted an in vitro experiment under poorly controlled conditions identified vitamin E as a prooxidant
determined that the chemical in cigarette smoke is an oxidizing agent
Having excess body fat increases the risk of ________. beriberi pernicious anemia diverticulosis esophageal cancer
esophageal cancer
According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, vitamin C is a "nutrient of public health concern." True False
false
Vitamin K is a powerful antioxidant. True False
false
Green leafy vegetables and orange juice are rich sources of ________. vitamin B-12 iron thiamin folate
folate
Pregnant women who have a history of inadequate ________ intakes are at risk of having babies with neural tube defects. vitamin A iron folate selenium
folate
Which of the following vitamins does not play a direct role in energy metabolism? Thiamin Niacin Folate Pantothenic acid
folate
Gina is pregnant. Although Gina's physician prescribed a prenatal vitamin for her to take daily, Gina thought she could have a very healthy baby by taking extra vitamins, so she took several other dietary supplements, including those that contained vitamin A. As a result, her total intake of vitamin A was over 5000 mcg RAE/day. Based on this information, Gina is at risk of ________. giving birth to a baby with cystic fibrosis developing gestational diabetes mellitus giving birth to a baby with birth defects developing vitamin C-resistant scurvy
giving birth to a baby with birth defects
When consumed with certain plant foods, vitamin C enhances the absorption of ________. iron calcium niacin riboflavin
iron
Vitamin C ________. dissolves in the fatty portions of foods acts as a coenzyme in certain reactions that release energy from glucose is needed to form strong collagen can cure night blindness
is needed to form strong collagen
Vitamin C ________. dissolves in the fatty portions of foods acts as a coenzyme in certain reactions that release energy from glucose is needed to form strong collagen can cure night blindness
is needed to form strong collagen
______ cancer causes the most cancer-related deaths among American men and women. Lung Pancreatic Liver Bladder
lung
In the body, vitamin A helps ________. reduce collagen synthesis insulin enter cells maintain epithelial cells the small intestine absorb calcium and phosphorus
maintain epithelial cells
Routine vitamin C supplementation ________. prevents common colds among the general population may reduce the duration of cold symptoms by a day or so prevents Alzheimer's disease may reduce the risk of kidney stones
may reduce the duration of cold symptoms by a day or so
Megadoses of ________ may be used to reduce elevated LDL cholesterol levels. niacin thiamin vitamin K biotin
niacin
An early symptom of vitamin A deficiency is ________. Group of answer choices night blindness headaches hair loss swollen tongue
night blindness
In general, B vitamins function as ________. parts of coenzymes hormones neurotransmitters structural components of body cells
parts of coenzymes
Cooper eats a lot of refined grain products that have not been enriched with nutrients. He likes to eat fresh fruit, cabbage, and corn; but he avoids pork, beef, poultry, chicken, eggs, and dairy foods. Recently, he has been feeling tired, and his muscles are not as strong as they used to be. The skin of his face and neck has red and scaly patches. For the past couple of days, he has had bouts of diarrhea. Based on this information, Cooper probably is suffering from ________. pellagra scurvy pernicious anemia xerophthalmia
pellagra
A person who does not produce intrinsic factor will develop ________. pellagra cystic fibrosis osteomalacia pernicious anemia
pernicious anemia
Vitamin D helps the body absorb ________. iron and copper sodium and potassium phosphorus and calcium magnesium and iodine
phosphorus and calcium
Sam wants to lower his risk of colorectal cancer. According to scientific studies, consuming ________ may increase his risk of this chronic disease. Brussels sprouts onions citrus fruit processed meat
processed meat
________ is the most biologically active form of vitamin A in the body. Alpha-tocopherol Lutein Beta-carotene Retinol
retinol
Exposing milk to light can reduce its ________ content. thiamin riboflavin niacin vitamin D
riboflavin
Marta is a teenager who doesn't eat fruits and vegetables. Her diet consists primarily of chicken, cottage cheese, yogurt, white bread, and butter. Furthermore, she doesn't take dietary supplements. Based on this information, Marta has a high risk of ________. beriberi scurvy pellagra osteomalacia
scurvy
To conserve the vitamin content of foods, ________. cook slowly in large amounts of water peel vegetables and cut into small pieces before cooking in water store in warm conditions, and expose to sunlight and air stir-fry instead of boil
stir-fry instead of boil
Sean has carpal tunnel syndrome. A few months ago, he began taking megadoses of vitamin B-6, when he read that the vitamin can cure the disorder. Today, Sean reported to his friends that his hands were feeling numb and his walking is unsteady. Based on this information, Sean should ________. continue taking the megadoses of vitamin B-6, because his body needs more time to heal discontinue taking vitamin B-6, because his body does not require the micronutrient increase his vitamin B-6 intake, because the numbness and unsteadiness are signs that the treatment is working stop taking vitamin B-6, because he is showing signs and symptoms of vitamin B-6 toxicity
stop taking vitamin B-6, because he is showing signs and symptoms of vitamin B-6 toxicity
Sonya has a chronic illness, and to treat the condition, she takes an antibiotic every day. Despite her illness, Sonya's diet is nutritionally adequate, and she exercises regularly. Based on this information, Sonya may need to ________. reduce her protein intake eat more vitamin C rich foods consume fewer foods that contain omega-3 fatty acids take a dietary supplement that contains biotin
take a dietary supplement that contains biotin
Damon has a chronic illness, and to treat the condition, he takes an antibiotic every day. Despite his illness, Damon's diet is nutritionally adequate, and he exercises regularly. Based on this information, Damon may need to ________. reduce his protein intake eat more vitamin-C rich foods take a dietary supplement that contains vitamin K consume fewer foods that contain omega-3 fatty acids
take a dietary supplement that contains vitamin K
According to results of some scientific studies, people who have age-related macular degeneration (AMD) may be able to slow the progression of the disease by taking dietary supplements that contain lutein and zeaxanthin. True False
true
Scientists have discovered all essential vitamins. Group of answer choices True False
true
Ron's diet lacks niacin. He hasn't developed pellagra, because he consumes a high-protein diet that contains plenty of ________, the precursor for niacin. beta-carotene alanine alpha-tocopherol tryptophan
tryptophan
Edna is 70 years of age. She is very healthy, and the only medication she takes is a prescription drug that reduces her stomach's acid production. Her diet includes a variety of foods from all food groups. Based on this information, Edna is at risk of developing ________. vitamin B-12 deficiency cystic fibrosis beriberi neural tube defects
vitamin B-12 deficiency
On sunny days, Juan spends at least 20 minutes exercising outdoors, because he knows sunlight helps his body make ________. choline vitamin D copper glucose
vitamin D
The liver needs ________ to make certain blood clotting factors. vitamin C vitamin K homocysteine riboflavin
vitamin K
In the United States, newborns receive an injection of ________ to prevent ________. vitamin K;bleeding vitamin C;collagen breakdown niacin;pellagra thiamin;beriberi
vitamin K;bleeding
Juan is a body builder who takes a variety of vitamin supplements. He often has diarrhea, and last week he was diagnosed with a kidney stone. Based on this information, which of his supplements is most likely contributing to his current health problems? Vitamin C Thiamin Biotin Vitamin B-6
vitamin c
________ prevent or limit the ability of radicals to damage polyunsaturated fatty acids and DNA in cells. Phosphates Oxidizing agents Antidotes Antioxidants
ANTIOXIDANTS
________ is a carcinogen. Cholesterol White bread Whole milk Alcohol
Alcohol
Ronald has an inherited metabolic defect in which his cells have difficulty processing the toxic amino acid homocysteine to form the nonessential amino acid cysteine. His physician may recommend vitamin ________ supplements to help Ronald's body metabolize homocysteine. B-6 A C D
B-6
Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin C? Ground beef Fat-free milk Broccoli Whole-wheat bread
BROCCLI
Which of the following substances is a provitamin or a precursor for a vitamin? Lecithin Acetyl-CoA Beta-carotene Alpha-tocopherol
Beta-carotene
Which of the following cooking methods can result in major losses of water-soluble vitamins? Stir-frying in a small amount of oil Boiling in a saucepan of water Steaming in a vegetable steamer Microwaving in little or no water
Boiling in a saucepan of water
Which of the following foods is a rich source of beta-carotene? Bacon Carrots Chicken Pear
CARROTS
Which of the following statements is true? Retinol is foundonly in plant foods. Certain carotenoids are precursors for preformed vitamin A. Vitamin A isnecessary for calcium and phosphorus absorption. In children,vitamin A deficiency is called rickets.
Certain carotenoids are precursors for preformed vitamin A.
Which of the following substances is considered a "vitamin-like" nutrient for humans? Choline Biotin Pantothenic acid Riboflavin
Choline
Which of the following vitamins can be made by the human body? C B-12 D Thiamin
D
The classic signs and symptoms of pellagra include ________. diarrhea dry cough edema night blindness
DIARRHEA
Vitamin ________ protects polyunsaturated fatty acids from being damaged by radicals. B-12 E D K
E
Which of the following foods are a good source of vitamin B-12? Whole-wheat breads Apples Eggs Peanuts
Eggs
Milk, eggs, poultry, meat, and pork are poor sources of vitamin B-12. True False
FALSE
Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin B-12? Fat-free milk Broccoli Grapefruit juice Brown rice
FAT-FREE MILK
According to results of scientific studies, people who take dietary supplements of vitamin A or beta-carotene have a lower risk of developing cancer. True False
False
According to results of scientific studies, taking megadoses of vitamin E is an effective way of lowering the risk of heart disease and cancer. True False
False
Beta-carotene is the most biologically active form of vitamin A. True False
False
During the grain enrichment process, refined wheat flour has vitamins E, C, and D added to it. True False
False
In 2020, the liver was the leading site for new cases of cancer among American men. True False
False
In humans, the lack of vitamin K results in a condition called pernicious anemia. True False
False
Milk, eggs, poultry, meat, and pork are poor sources of vitamin B-12. True False
False
The body uses vitamin K to make provitamin, which is needed for proper blood clotting. True False
False
To conserve the vitamin C content of cabbage, add a teaspoon of baking soda to the cooking water before heating the cabbage. True False
False
Women who take high doses of riboflavin during pregnancy are more likely to deliver babies with birth defects than pregnant women who take high doses of vitamin A. True False
False
Of the following foods, which is the richest source of riboflavin? Tomatoes Corn oil margarine Fat-free milk Red delicious apples
Fat free milk
Of the following foods, which is the richest source of riboflavin? Tomatoes Corn oil margarine Fat-free milk Red delicious appl
Fat-free milk
Which of the following foods is a natural source of vitamin D? Fatty fish Dark orange and yellow vegetables Whole-grain breads and cereals Fresh fruit
Fresh Fruit
Which of the following food groups includes foods that are among the best sources of riboflavin? Grains that have undergone enrichment Vegetables that are lightly cooked Fruits that are eaten raw Oils that have undergone partial hydrogenation
Grains that have undergone enrichment
Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin K? Green leafy vegetables Butter Processed poultry products Citrus fruit
Green leafy vegetables
Which of the following foods is not a good source of vitamin E? Safflower oil Sunflower seeds Ground beef Whole grains
Ground Beef
Barry is a vegan. His diet does not include foods that contain preformed vitamin A, and he does not take any vitamin A supplements. Nevertheless, his body has adequate vitamin A stores. Which of the following statements provides the best explanation for Barry's adequate vitamin A status? He eats plenty of foods that contain beta-carotene. His body does not require sources of vitamin A. He consumes foods that supply tryptophan, which his liver converts to preformed vitamin A. His fat cells synthesize preformed vitamin A from essential fatty acids.
He eats plenty of foods that contain beta-carotene.
Barry is a vegan. His diet does not include foods that contain preformed vitamin A, and he does not take any vitamin A supplements. Nevertheless, his body has adequate vitamin A stores. Which of the following statements provides the best explanation for Barry's adequate vitamin A status? He eats plenty offoods that contain beta-carotene. His body does notrequire sources of vitamin A. He consumes foodsthat supply tryptophan, which his liver converts to preformed vitamin A. His fat cellssynthesize preformed vitamin A from essential fatty acids.
He eats plenty offoods that contain beta-carotene.
Erika takes megadoses of vitamin B-6 because she thinks it benefits her health. After learning about this vitamin in your nutrition class, which of the following statements about vitamin B-6 would be the most accurate information to tell her? Vitamin B-6 is theleast toxic of the B vitamins. Megadoses ofvitamin B-6 can result in calcification of soft tissues. Ingesting largedoses of vitamin B-6 can cause nerve damage. Women who takemegadoses of vitamin B-6 are healthier than those who do not takesuch high doses the vitamin.
Ingesting largedoses of vitamin B-6 can cause nerve damage.
