Nutrition Chapter 12

glycemic index

extent to which carbohydrate-containing foods increase blood glucose levels

satiety

feeling of fullness

what simple sugars does the body use to directly form energy?

glucose and fructose

monosaccharides examples

glucose, fructose, galactose

dietary fiber, how many calories per gram?

2

fiber supplies how many calories per gram?

2

aspartame

NutraSweet, 4 calories per gram (made from amino acids), PKU

glycogen

The body's storage form of glucose (stored in liver, only produced by animals)

saccharin

The first artificial sweetener. Once banned because it was believed to cause cancer. Sweet'N Low

alcohol sugars

include a chemical component of alcohol, sweet taste like simple sugars

carbohydrates

major source of energy

only animal product that contains significant amounts of simple sugar

milk

2 types of simple sugars

monosaccharides and disaccharides

artificial sweeteners are also called...

nonnutritive sweeteners

complex carbohydrates

polysaccharides, starches, glycogen, dietary fibers, plant foods (beans, potatoes, corn)

commonly used food additive

simple sugars

carb family consists of 3 types of chemical substances:

simple sugars, complex carbs (starch), dietary fiber

simple sugars

small molecules that require little or no digestion before they can be used in the body (2 types)

sucralose

splenda

Dissaccharide examples

sucrose, lactose, maltose, honey

dietary fiber

very low in calories, helps prevent constipation, under-consumed, cannot be digested by human health enzymes

is high fructose corn syrup considered a simple sugar?

yes