Nutrition Chapter 13
Once absorbed, copper is bound to ________ for transport. A) ceruloplasmin B) albumin C) transferrin D) metallothionein
Albumin
Which of the following statements on selenium is true? A) Selenium content in foods depends on the soil conditions in which they were grown. B) The RDA for selenium is set to maintain optimal activity of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase. C) Selenium is required for regulation of thyroid hormones. D) All of the above are true of selenium
All of the above are true of selenium
Which of the following statements is true about trace minerals? A) Trace mineral deficiencies are overlooked easily. B) Trace minerals have interactions with other nutrients. C) The bioavailability of trace minerals depends on the individual and his or her specific dietary composition. D) All of the above are true of trace minerals.
All of the above are true of trace minerals
Which of the following statements is true of trace minerals? A) They are needed by the body in smaller amounts than macronutrients. B) Overall they amount to less than 5 grams in the body. C) Their daily dietary need is less than 20 milligrams. D) All of the above are true of trace minerals.
All of the above are true of trace minerals
Which of the following contributes the most to iron loss in the body? A) sloughed-off intestinal cells B) bleeding C) hair and skin D) sweat
Bleeding
Goitrogens may be found in A) poultry. B) cabbage. C) seafood. D) bananas
Cabbage
Menke's disease is associated with a deficiency of ________. A) iron B) copper C) zinc D) iodine
Copper
The oxidation of iron from the ferrous form to the ferric form requires a metalloenzyme containing the mineral ________. A) zinc B) calcium C) magnesium D) copper
Copper
Which of the following is a characteristic of zinc deficiency? A) small cell type anemia B) delayed growth and development C) frequent urination D) headaches and dizziness
Delayed growth and development
Some research studies suggest that chromium may play a role in decreasing the risk of developing ________. A) diabetes B) cardiovascular disease C) cancer D) hypertension
Diabetes
Which of the following does not affect the absorption of iron? A) molecular form of iron B) environmental temperature C) iron status of the individual D) diet composition
Environmental temperature
A deficiency of manganese in children can cause disturbances in cognitive development.
FALSE
All types of salt have added iodine.
FALSE
Because iron absorption is so tightly regulated, iron overload is impossible.
FALSE
Both ferroportin and tranferrin transport iron in the same oxidation state.
FALSE
Consumption of chromium can increase lean body mass and improve body composition.
FALSE
Ferroportin is a temporary storage form of iron in the intestine.
FALSE
Fluorosis results in stained, pitted teeth with an increased risk of dental caries.
FALSE
MFP factor plays a role in the absorption of copper.
FALSE
Most bottled waters are adequately fluoridated.
FALSE
Selenium absorption is also regulated in the intestine.
FALSE
Several studies done on humans have established the role of boron, silicon, and vanadium in human growth and metabolism.
FALSE
The amount of iron in the body does not affect how much iron is absorbed.
FALSE
The presence of fiber and phytates does not influence the absorption of zinc.
FALSE
There have been no reported risks of toxicity associated with molybdenum or manganese.
FALSE
Trace minerals are not as essential as the major minerals.
FALSE
Which of the following transports iron across the intestinal wall into the portal vein? A) ferroportin B) hemoglobin C) transferrin D) hemosiderin
Ferroportin
Along with calcium and vitamin D, ________ is necessary for increasing bone density and reducing osteoporosis. A) zinc B) copper C) fluoride D) selenium
Fluoride
Which of the following represents the best source of biologically available iron? A) broccoli casserole B) whole-wheat bread C) hamburger D) watermelon slices
Hamburger
Once ferritin is saturated with iron, additional iron can be stored as ________. A) ferroportin B) hemoglobin C) transferrin D) hemosiderin
Hemosiderin
All of the following trace minerals are integral to the structure of metalloenzymes except A) selenium. B) zinc. C) iodine. D) molybdenum
Iodine
Hemochromatosis is a genetic disorder that causes individuals to absorb too much A) chromium. B) copper. C) iron. D) manganese
Iron
The most abundant trace mineral in the body is A) iron. B) zinc. C) copper. D) iodine
Iron
Which of the following is a trace mineral? A) iron B) calcium C) sodium D) magnesium
Iron
Which of the following trace minerals has an adult RDA that is higher for women than for men? A) zinc B) iron C) copper D) iodine
Iron
Which are the two trace minerals that vegetarians may have a higher need for? A) copper and selenium B) copper and zinc C) iron and copper D) iron and zinc
Iron and zinc
What is the fate of nonheme iron that remains bound to food in the gastrointestinal tract? A) It stimulates the production of specific enzymes that will break it down eventually. B) It is moved and stored as ferritin in food. C) It stays around the digestive tract until it is completely broken down. D) It is excreted with the feces
It is excreted with feces.
Ceruloplasmin binds to copper in the ________. A) liver B) intestine C) blood D) skin
Liver
According to one study, children who drank water with high levels of manganese experienced what symptom? A) higher risk of cancer B) stronger teeth and bones C) lower IQ scores D) improved eyesight
Lower IQ scores
In glycolysis, the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate in the TCA cycle requires A) manganese. B) copper. C) molybdenum. D) iron
Manganese
Which of the following foods is particularly low in chromium content? A) meat B) milk C) fruits D) grains
Milk
Which of the following minerals carries a risk of toxicity when consumed in foods? A) arsenic B) boron C) vanadium D) none of the above
None of the above
Which of the following food groups is abundant in copper? A) milk and cheese B) fruits and vegetables C) organ meats, seafood, nuts, and seeds D) chicken and poultry
Organ meats, seafood, nuts, and seeds
All of the following are trace minerals except A) selenium. B) copper. C) potassium. D) zinc.
Potassium
Which of the following foods is not a good source of nickel? A) grains B) poultry C) legumes D) chocolate
Poultry
In which of the following types of individuals can copper deficiency occur? A) adolescents B) premature babies C) vegetarians D) the aged
Premature babies
Functions of trace minerals include all of the following except A) maintenance of red blood cells. B) acting as cofactors. C) providing energy. D) maintenance of bones and teeth
Providing energy
All of the following enhance absorption of iron except A) an increased need for iron. B) the presence of vitamin C. C) reduced hydrochloric acid in the stomach. D) the presence of the heme form of iron
Reduced hydrochloric acid in the stomach
The absorption of all of the following minerals is controlled at the small intestine except A) iron. B) copper. C) zinc. D) selenium
Selenium
All of the following statements regarding iron are true except: A) The accidental consumption of supplements containing iron is a leading cause of poisoning deaths in children in the United States. B) High doses of iron can cause symptoms of gastrointestinal distress. C) Storing large amounts of iron is beneficial for the body and reduces the risk of infections. D) Cooking food in iron pots and pans can increase the food's iron content
Storing large amounts of iron is beneficial for the body and reduces the risk of infections.
A copper deficiency can result in an iron deficiency.
TRUE
About half of the iron in an average American diet comes from enriched grain products and cereals.
TRUE
An enlarged thyroid gland is a sign of iodine deficiency.
TRUE
An iodine deficiency in children can cause irreversible damage and growth retardation.
TRUE
Arsenic may be needed for normal amino acid metabolism.
TRUE
Both deficiency and toxicity of iodine can cause thyroid dysfunction.
TRUE
Decaffeinated tea is a better source of fluoride than regular tea.
TRUE
Fluoride is not essential for normal growth and development.
TRUE
Foods in general are not a good source of fluoride.
TRUE
Iron absorption is tightly regulated in order to prevent toxicity.
TRUE
Iron deficiency is the most common nutrient deficiency in the world.
TRUE
Most of the trace minerals have interactions with other nutrients.
TRUE
Only infants and children are at risk of developing fluorosis.
TRUE
Organ damage can result from iron overload in the body.
TRUE
The TIBC test is used to determine iron-deficiency anemia.
TRUE
The amount of a trace mineral in a plant food can be influenced by the soil in which the food was grown.
TRUE
The pH of the digestive tract affects the solubility of iron.
TRUE
Trace minerals are also known as microminerals.
TRUE
Treated water is the best source of fluoride in the diet.
TRUE
Zinc is necessary for DNA and RNA synthesis.
TRUE
What is the relationship between iron stores and the percentage of iron absorbed? A) The lower the stores, the less the absorption. B) The lower the stores, the greater the absorption. C) The level of iron stores does not affect the absorption. D) None of the above describes this relationship
The lower the stores, the greater the absorption
Which of the following is a test to determine iron stores in the body? A) complete blood count B) hematocrit C) serum iron D) total iron-binding capacity
Total iron-bonding capacity
All of the following decrease iron absorption except A) vitamin C. B) phytates. C) oxalates. D) polyphenols
Vitamin C
Taste and smell perception are associated with which mineral? A) iron B) zinc C) selenium D) chromium
Zinc
Which of the following trace minerals is recycled back into the pancreas to be incorporated into the enzymes in pancreatic juice? A) iron B) copper C) zinc D) selenium
Zinc
