Nutrition - chapter 3
The majority of chemical digestion occurs in the: a. mouth. b. small intestine. c. large intestine. d. stomach.
B
Which of the following CORRECTLY matches the digestive disorder with its description and/or cause? a. acid reflux—the pyloric sphincter relaxes and allows gastric acid into the esophagus b. inflammatory bowel disease—may cause open wounds (ulcers) to develop in the GI tract c. diverticular disease—swollen and inflamed veins in the anus and lower rectum d. hemorrhoids—the formation of pouches in the lining of the GI tract
B
Which of the following is NOT true of bacteria in the large intestine? a. They make up the majority of the dry weight of feces. b. Probiotics assist in absorbing carbohydrates and amino acids. c. They produce short-chain fatty acids as they break down dietary fiber. d. They produce a few vitamins.
B
Which of the following is NOT true of enzymes? a. All enzymes are proteins. b. Enzymes are unaffected by acidic conditions. c. Enzymes that digest proteins cannot digest carbohydrates. d. Enzymes are reused over and over again
B
Which of the following does NOT correctly identify a function of fluids produced by the listed organ? a. stomach—protein unfolding b. salivary glands—lubrication c. liver—carbohydrate digestion d. pancreas—neutralization of gastric acid
C
Which of the following is TRUE of transporters? a. Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion both require proteins to move substances across membranes. b. Facilitated diffusion is the only transport mechanism that can transport substances against a concentration gradient. c. Water is only transported across membranes by simple diffusion. d. The only transport mechanism that requires energy is active transport.
D
Which of the following is the correct order of the body's organization from smallest to largest? a. organ systems, tissues, organs, cells b. tissues, cells, organ systems, organs c. organ systems, organs, tissues, cells d. cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
D
All of the following about gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are true EXCEPT: a. symptoms are controlled by eating large meals. b. untreated GERD increases the risk of developing certain cancers or other complications. c. it is accompanied by inflammation and/or erosion of the esophageal lining. d. GERD is caused by a recurrent backflow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus
A
The majority of mechanical digestion occurs in: a. the stomach. b. the large intestine. c. the mouth. d. the small intestine.
A
Which of the following choices CORRECTLY identifies a food as either a prebiotic or a probiotic? a. buttermilk—probiotic b. miso—prebiotic c. whole-grain rye bread—probiotic d. yogurt—prebiotic
A
Which of the following is NOT true of celiac disease? a. Celiac disease only affects the small intestine. b. Corn and rice are grains that can be safely consumed by those with celiac disease. c. Celiac disease destroys the villi of the small intestine. d. Celiac disease is caused by sensitivity to the protein gluten found in several grains.
A
Which of the following statements is NOT true of the circulatory system and its transport of nutrients? a. Water-soluble nutrients leave the small intestine via lymph. b. Most fats enter the lymphatic system after they are absorbed. c. Lymph empties into the blood just before the blood reaches the heart. d. Nutrients that leave the small intestine via blood are delivered first to the liver
A
Which of the following CORRECTLY matches an organ of the digestive system with one of its primary functions? a. stomach—produces and releases amylase b. pancreas—produces enzymes that digest fats, proteins, and carbohydrates c. salivary glands—produce and secrete a protease d. gallbladder—produces bile that aids in protein digestion
b
Which statement is NOT true regarding the body's organization from the smallest to the largest? a. The small intestine is a tissue that makes up an organ. b. Tissues are a collection of cells that have similar origin. c. Cells are the smallest functional unit of living organisms. d. The gastrointestinal system is an example of an organ system.
A
Absorption occurs when nutrients and other substances: a. are removed from the lumen of the GI tract to enter the bloodstream only. b. are removed from the lumen of the GI tract to enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system. c. are removed from the large intestine. d. pass from the stomach to the small intestine.
B
When you eat a cheeseburger, the burger, cheese, and bun are broken down into tiny particles, releasing nutrients and other food components. This process is called: a. ingestion. b. digestion. c. excretion. d. absorption.
B
Which organ of the GI tract has villi? a. esophagus b. small intestine c. large intestine d. small and large intestines
B
There is essentially no absorption of in the large intestine. a. electrolytes b. fats c. carbohydrates d. water
C
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of peristalsis? a. It begins in the esophagus and ends in the rectum. b. It involves rhythmic, wavelike contractions. c. It involves the contraction of both circular and longitudinal muscles. d. Its primary responsibility is to mix the contents in the GI tract with digestive fluids.
D
Which of the following is NOT true about the small intestine? a. The small intestine is the primary site for digestion and absorption. b. Together the circular folds, villi, and microvilli provide an enormous surface area to enhance absorption. c. Brush border enzymes complete the digestion of carbohydrates and proteins prior to absorption. d. The duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and cecum are sections of the small intestine.
D
