Nutrition chapter 4

The breakdown of dietary carbohydrates releases _____kcal/g of energy. Answers: 9 4 7 2

4

In which individual would you expect the highest muscle glycogen content? Answers: a. A person on a high protein weight loss diet b. A person who eats a balanced diet of protein, carbohydrate and fat c. A sedentary person d. A trained athlete consuming 65-70% of kcals as carbohydrate

A trained athlete consuming 65-70% of kcals as carbohydrate

Dietary fiber can help reduce blood cholesterol levels by: Answers: binding cholesterol and bile acids in the GI tract. blocking reabsorption of bile acids in the GI tract. inhibiting cholesterol synthesis in the liver. All of the these choices are correct.

All of the these choices are correct.

Which of the following conditions is likely to increase ketone production? Answers: a.Untreated diabetes b.Starvation c.A very low carbohydrate diet d.Correct All of these choices are correct.

All of these choices are correct.

Studies suggest that the incidence of colon cancer may be lowered with high fiber diets. How might this be explained? a.Fiber decreases contact between mucosal cells and colonic contents. b.Fiber decreases transit time. c.Fiber containing foods are usually high in phytochemicals and antioxidant vitamins. d. All of these statements are true.

All of these statements are true

Dietary fiber is categorized by: Answers: its solubility in water. its molecular weight. the ratio of carbon to hydrogen molecules. the number of branch points.

Correct its solubility in water.

Refined grain products contain predominantly what part(s) of the kernel? Answers: Husk and germ Stalk Germ and bran Endosperm

Endosperm

Which food would NOT be recommended as a source of calcium to someone who is lactose intolerant?

Ice cream

Which hormone is most important for glucose uptake by body cells? Answers: Glucagon Insulin Prolactin Ghrelin

Insulin

The organ(s) which supplies enzymes required for starch digestion include(s) the: Stomach. Gallbladder. Pancreas. All of these choices are correct.

Pancreas

Carbohydrates promote dental caries by which of the following mechanisms? Answers: a. Sugar promotes the growth of bacteria that breakdown enamel. b .Bacteria metabolize carbohydrate to form acids, which break down enamel. c. Carbohydrates stick to teeth, preventing the removal of plaque. d. All of these choices are correct.

Selected Answer: Correct Bacteria metabolize carbohydrate to form acids, which break down enamel.

Dietary fiber promotes a healthy intestinal microflora in part by: Answers: A.slowing the movement of food material in the gut. B.promoting the production of short chain fatty acids which provide metabolic fuel for colonic cells. C.decreasing the fluidity of the intestinal contents. D.producing natural antibiotics that kill pathogenic bacteria.

Selected Answer: Correct promoting the production of short chain fatty acids which provide metabolic fuel for colonic cells.

A diet high in dietary fiber can help reduce the risk of developing: Answers: diverticular disease. anemia. Type 1 diabetes. lactose intolerance.

diverticular disease.

The most important determinant for developing lactose intolerance is: Answers: ethnic background. gender. geographic location where a person lives. whether one is lean or obese.

ethnic background.

Which of the following sequences represents a monosaccharide followed by a disaccharide followed by a polysaccharide? Answers: fructose, sucrose, starch lactose, glucose, dietary fiber glucose, maltose, lactose galactose, glycogen, starch

fructose, sucrose, starch

Fructose is found mostly in

fruits and vegetables

The _____________________ reflects a ranking of how specific foods affect blood glucose as compared to the response of a reference food. Answers: glycemic response glycemic index gluconeogenic index digestibility and solubility index

glycemic index

Carbohydrate loading, a training technique used by some endurance athletes, can help to increase _____________ stores. Answers: glycogen amylose sucrose lactase

glycogen

The concentration of glucose in the blood is primarily regulated by: pancreatic enzymes. pancreatic hormones. enzymes in the membranes of cells lining the small intestine. hormones released by the GI tract.

pancreatic hormones.

Which of the following foods are the best sources of complex carbohydrates? Answers: Milk and dairy products Meat, fish, and poultry Fats and oils Cereals and grains

Cereals and grains

Which of the following statements about Type 1 diabetes is correct? Answers: This type of disease occurs when cells are no longer sensitive to insulin. Obesity is a major risk factor for developing this disease. The immune system destroys the pancreatic cells that produce insulin. Type 1 is the most common type of diabetes.

The immune system destroys the pancreatic cells that produce insulin.

Which of the following statements about glycogen is FALSE? Answers: Glycogen is a storage form of carbohydrate in humans and animals. Glycogen is composed of many glucose molecules. Glycogen is made and stored in liver and muscle. The primary role of muscle glycogen is to maintain blood glucose levels.

The primary role of muscle glycogen is to maintain blood glucose levels.

Which of the following types of diabetes is classified as an autoimmune disease? A.Gestational B.Type 2 C. Type 1 D.All of these choices are correct.

Type 1

Which of the following nutrients is NOT added to enriched grains? Answers: Thiamin Niacin Folate Vitamin E

Vitamin E

Sucrose is composed of: Answers: many molecules of glucose linked together. two molecules of glucose. a molecule of fructose and a molecule of glucose. two molecules of fructose.

a molecule of fructose and a molecule of glucose.

Aspartame: A.is an artificial sweetener. B.consists of two amino acids linked together. C.is often found in soft drinks. D. all of these choices are correct.

all of these choices are correct

Treatment of diverticulitis usually includes: Answers: antibiotics and a temporary decrease in fiber intake. increasing fluid intake and antacids. insulin injections. exercise and weight loss.

antibiotics and a temporary decrease in fiber intake.

Of the following foods, ___________ is the best dietary source of resistant starch. Answers: apples chilled, cooked potatoes whole grain bread oatmeal

chilled, cooked potatoes

Lactose intolerance is caused by: Answers: excess production of the enzyme lactase. an allergic reaction to proteins found in milk and milk products. inadequate production of the enzyme lactase. the inability to produce the hormone insulin.

inadequate production of the enzyme lactase.

Indigestible carbohydrates provide positive health benefits in part by: Answers: a.slowing fecal movement. b. increasing the bulk of the colonic contents. c.decreasing the amount of water in the colon. d.all of these choices are true.

increasing the bulk of the colonic contents.