Nutrition Chapter 4 Review Questions
14) Once absorbed, all the monosaccharides are converted to ________ by the liver. A) glucose B) fructose C) galactose D) maltose
A
15) Glycogen is typically stored in which of the following tissues? A) muscle and liver B) pancreas C) intestine D) bones
A
17) All of following are the functions of the carbohydrate in human body except? A) build the muscles B) prevent ketosis C) maintain blood sugar D) to provide the energy
A
19) What effect do the ketone bodies have on the blood pH? A) decrease blood pH B) increase blood pH C) neutralize blood pH D) have no effect on blood pH
A
21) After the glycogen stores are full, the excess glucose is converted to ________ in the process of lipogenesis. A) triglycerides (fat) B) amino acids C) starch D) protein
A
23) When blood glucose concentration falls, which hormone is secreted to stimulate release of stored glucose from the liver? A) glucagon B) insulin C) epinephrine D) cortisone
A
26) What is the minimum Adequate Intake (AI) of fiber in grams (g) for the adults per day? A) 25 B) 20 C) 15 D) 30
A
28) What is the minimum daily amount of dietary carbohydrate necessary to spare the body protein from an excessive breakdown? A) 50-100 g B)100-150 g C) 150-200 g D) 200-250 g
A
31) In the time between the meals, which organ releases the glucose from the stores to help maintain the normal blood glucose levels? A) liver B) pancreas C) intestines D) skeletal muscle
A
37) Which of the following sweeteners should NOT be consumed by individuals with the genetic disease Phenylketonuria? A) aspartame B) sucralose C) sorbitol D) saccharin
A
40) The brain, nervous tissue and red blood cells prefer glucose as their source of 100% of their energy needs. A. True B. False
A
7) The storage form of glucose in humans and animals is A) glycogen. B) amylose. C) starch. D) polysaccharide.
A
9) Which of the following enzymes is lacking or insufficient in an individual with the lactose intolerance? A) lactase B) galactase C) amylase D) sucrose
A
10) All of the following are symptoms of the lactose intolerance except A) bloating. B) skin rash. C) abdominal cramps. D) flatulence.
B
18) Gluconeogenesis is a term that describes the synthesis of ____. A) amino acids from the glucose B) glucose from a non-carbohydrate substance C) fat from the excess carbohydrate intake D) glycogen from glucagon
B
25) Bacteria in the colon can break apart some dietary fibers into A) glucose. B) short-chain fatty acids. C) amino acids. D) glycogen.
B
29) What is the normal range (mg/dL) for a fasting blood glucose? A) 60-70 B) 70-99 C) 100-119 D) 120 -139
B
36) The term Insulin resistance means that A) the pancreas stops making the insulin. B) the insulin receptors on the cells have stopped responding to insulin, therefore the glucose cannot enter the cells. C) ketone bodies build up in the blood. D) blood glucose levels drop below normal.
B
38) Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen. A. True B. False
B
39) The monosaccharide galactose is found abundantly on its own in nature. A. True B. False
B
4) Which of the following sugars is the sweetest tasting? A) galactose B) fructose C) glucose D) maltose
B
5) What is the chemical composition of sucrose? A) two fructose molecules B) one glucose and one fructose molecules C) one glucose and one galactose molecules D) one galactose and one fructose molecules
B
12) The enzyme salivary amylase breaks down A) fiber. B) maltose. C) disaccharides. D) amylose and amylopectin.
D
2) What is the reaction that links two monosaccharides together? A) hydrolysis B) absorption C) disaccharide D) condensation
D
20) What is the primary function of the carbohydrate in human body? A) to encourage muscle growth B) to lower blood glucose C) to strengthen bones D) to provide the energy
D
24) All of the following are symptoms of the hypoglycemia except A) light-headedness. B) Confusion C) hunger. D) diarrhea.
D
30) What is the primary function of the insulin? A) raising blood glucose levels B) stimulating intestinal carbohydrate absorption C) stimulating the glycogen breakdown D) lowering the blood glucose levels by transferring it into the body cells for its metabolism
D
33) Which nutrient has accounted for virtually all the increase in kCal intake of people in the United States since the 1970s, leading to marked increase in the obesity and related chronic diseases? A) fat B) protein C) alcohol D) carbohydrate
D
35) A 20-ounce bottle of coca cola contains 65 grams of sugar (about 4 teaspoons) How many kcalories is that? A) 65 B) 100 C) 130 D) 260
D
6) Which of the following sugars is a disaccharide? A) glucose B) galactose C) fructose D) lactose
D
8) All of the following are health benefits of soluble fiber except A) normalizes blood glucose B) reduces serum cholesterol. C) delays gastric emptying. D) stimulates appetite.
D
11) The storage form of the glucose in the plants is A) glycogen. B) lactose. C) starch. D) maltose.
C
13) The majority of the carbohydrate digestion occurs in the A) mouth. B) stomach. C) small intestine. D) colon.
C
16) The enzymes that hydrolyze the disaccharides into the monosaccharides are found in the ____. A) saliva B) pancreas C) small intestine D) colon
C
22) The hormone glucagon from the pancreas acts on the liver to stimulate A) lipogenesis. B) gluconeogenesis. C) glycogenolysis. D) glycolysis.
C
27) What is the RDA for the carbohydrates? A) 10 g B) 45 g C) 130 g D) 250 g
C
32) Excessive consumption of sweets like candy, citrus fruit juices, or soft or sports drinks increases a risk of developing dental cavities because they contain sugar and are ______. A) lacking vitamins B) organic bases (alkali) C) Acidic (low pH) D) lacking fluoride
C
34) One level teaspoon of table sugar, Sucrose contains approximately how many kcalories? A) 8 B) 10 C) 16 D) 20
C
1) Glucose, fructose, and galactose all are hexose sugars which means they have how may atoms of carbon in one molecule? A) 6 B) 8 C) 10 D) 12
a
3) Which substance is known as the blood sugar or dextrose? A) glucose B) sucrose C) fructose D) lactose
a