nutrition chapter 6

Tomas has taken up bodybuilding and is starting to become more interested in a diet to improve athletic performance. He read an article in a bodybuilding magazine that said he should dramatically increase his dietary protein intake. What happens to excessive dietary protein intake

With excessive protein intake, amino acids may be used to meet energy needs or converted to and stored as fat.

Edema appears when there is a severe lack of dietary protein because

blood protein levels fall and fluid shifts to the tissues.

Tomas is babysitting his neighbor's seven-month-old child who has just begun to eat solid foods. The parents did not mention any food allergies, but Tomas would rather be safe than sorry. Which food is the safest option for Tomas to offer the baby if he wants to minimize any potential problems with food allergies?

cereal made with rice and water

Three dietary advantages of plant protein sources over animal sources are: 1) they are a good source of dietary fiber, 2) they are low in saturated fat, and 3) they contain no _______________.

cholesterol

Cooking an egg alters its appearance due to

denaturation

A vegetarian diet differs from a traditional animal-based diet in that a vegetarian diet is

higher in dietary fiber than a traditional animal-based diet is.

Plant proteins do not match our needs for essential amino acids and therefore are called _______________ proteins.

incomplete

A child living in a developing country with high rates of malnutrition is at risk for developing protein-calorie malnutrition. If this child consumes insufficient dietary protein, what is the physiological consequence?

insufficient dietary protein intake inhibits the body's ability to make antibodies, some hormones, and enzymes.

Babies in North America are routinely screened for phenylketonuria (PKU). PKU is a disease characterized by the body's inability to metabolize the essential amino acid _____ and in turn, its inability to convert this essential amino acid to the nonessential amino acid _____.

phenylalanine; tyrosine

All of the following statements about the role of protein in the body are correct EXCEPT

protein is the only macronutrient that is not energy yielding.

One would be likely to see positive protein balance in all of the following conditions except

starvation

All of the following are functions of protein except to

supply more than 40 percent of the kilocalories in the diet.

Wilma is an alcoholic. Her liver has been damaged to such a degree that it cannot produce the appropriate blood proteins for fluid balance. She develops a condition called edema, which is

the build up of fluids in extracellular spaces.

Amino acids are the building blocks of protein. Amino acids can exist in either branched-chain or straight-chain forms. Branched-chain amino acids are used supplementally for burn patients to help expedite healing. All of the following are branched-chain amino acids EXCEPT

tryptophan.

The New American Plate is a tool that nutrition professionals use to help clients and patients visualize how a healthy plate should look. The New American Plate model recommends that ___ of your plate be filled with plant-based foods like fruits, vegetables, or grains, and that ___ of your plate be filled with meat, fish, poultry, or lowfat dairy.

2/3 (or more); 1/3 (or less)

Tomas is a 24-year-old male trying to calculate his protein needs. The Food and Nutrition Board recommends that 10-35% of calories come from protein. If Tomas follows a 2,300-kcal diet, how many grams of protein per day should he be consuming?

58-201 grams of protein per day

If Tomas is a healthy 24-year-old male who weighs 166 pounds, how many grams of protein per day should he have to promote protein equilibrium? (One kilogram = 2.2 pounds.)

60 grams of protein per day

With excessive protein intake, amino acids may be used to meet energy needs or converted to and stored as fat.

70

Which of the following is true about protein intake of people in the United States?

Most consume more than is needed.

What is meant by the amino acid sequence of a protein?

Order of appearance of only the essential amino acids in the protein