Nutrition Chapter 9 Tutorial Prof Muench Geneseo

It is important to understand where to find calcium in food, but there are a variety of factors that can interfere with the absorption of even the best sources of calcium. Which of these statements describe ways calcium bioavailability or absorption may be reduced? Select all that apply. consuming high-phytate foods separately from calcium sources consuming calcium-rich foods, spread between several meals and snacks throughout the day consuming large amounts of calcium at one time choosing calcium sources high in oxalates, like spinach consuming vitamin D with a calcium-containing food

- Consuming large amounts of calcium at one time - Choosing calcium sources high in oxalates, like spinach

Iron is an essential nutrient; however, too much iron promotes free radical production and is toxic. Therefore, iron homeostasis is tightly regulated through iron absorption, transport, storage, and excretion. Select the statements below that correctly describe factors affecting the absorption of iron. Select all that apply. Eating brown rice with dinner aids in iron absorption. Drinking milk with a dinner of pork chops will affect absorption of iron. The iron in cooked spinach is absorbed just as easily as the iron in steak is. Adding tomatoes and green peppers to a bean burger helps the body absorb the iron found in beans. Chicken breast can be used as a source of heme iron.

- Drinking milk with a dinner of pork chops will affect absorption of iron. - Chicken breast can be used as a source of heme iron. - Adding tomatoes and green peppers to a bean burger helps the body absorb the iron found in beans.

Vitamin D contributes to bone health by maintaining blood calcium and phosphorus levels within the normal range. Unlike any other vitamin, the body can produce vitamin D from exposure to ultraviolet light. From the list below, choose all the correct statements about vitamin D. Select all that apply. Vitamin D is necessary for the normal calcification of bone. The liver converts cholecalciferol into the active form of vitamin D. Vitamin D promotes absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the small intestine. Vitamin D decreases calcium reabsorption by the kidneys. Factors that enhance UV-light-mediated vitamin D synthesis include living north of 37° latitude, having darker skin pigmentation, and being obese.

- Vitamin D is necessary for the normal calcification of bone. - Vitamin D promotes absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the small intestine.

Calcium is an important mineral in the body and one that is tightly regulated in the blood with the help of several hormones. Calcium status plays an important role in the health of bones and a variety of other metabolic functions. Therefore, it is essential to understand where to find calcium in food and what factors affect bioavailability and absorption. Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Note that some terms will remain unused.

1. Over 99% of the body's calcium is in the bones and teeth. 2. When blood calcium is low, the parathyroid glands stimulate the production of parathyroid hormone (PTH). 3. Bone density refers to the compactness and strength of bones. 4. Osteoclasts break down bone when calcium levels are low. 5. The bioavailability of calcium can depend on a person's age and calcium needs. 6. Too much calcium in the blood, or hypercalcemia, can lead to impaired kidneys and calcium deposits in the body. 7. Certain foods like spinach are high in oxalates, which can interfere with absorption of certain minerals.

Jessica's new diet plan contains 3.3 mg of heme iron and 17.5 mg of non-heme iron. What is the amount of biologically available iron?

1.4 mg

If Andy decides to change his 8 oz pork chop to 6 oz fillet of salmon, what would be his vitamin D dietary intake in IU? 6 oz of baked salmon contains 23 μ of vitamin D.

1084 IU

Jessica's planned diet was low in iron, and she decided to do some research about iron-rich foods and do some exchanges. She did not want to add more meat to her diet, so she was working only with non-heme iron sources. She was overjoyed to find out that dark chocolate is an "iron bomb," and she has finally found the excuse to indulge her sweet, or in fact semisweet, tooth. She has exchanged a bowl of broccoli cream soup (0.7 mg) for iron-rich lentil soup (4.2 mg), and she has added 3 pieces of Trader Joe's dark Belgian chocolate (7.2 mg) and a cup of cranberry juice (0.7 mg) for a dessert. What is Jessica's total iron intake on the adjusted, iron-rich diet?

20.8 mg

How much heme and how much non-heme iron did Jessica consume?

3.3 mg of heme iron, 6.1 mg of non-heme iron

What percentage of the vitamin D RDA did Andy eat from food?

38%

Calcium supplements are recommended for many individuals. However, effectiveness of these supplements can vary based on factors like quantity consumed, intake of other foods and supplements, and time of day the supplement is taken. This section will address these factors. Choose the correct statement about calcium supplements.

All calcium supplements should be consumed in amounts of 500 mg or less per dose.

Calcium is stored in and provides structure to bones, but calcium has other important roles as well. Select the statement below that correctly describes a function of calcium in the body or a condition associated with calcium.

Calcium provides structure to bone and teeth as an important component of hydroxyapatite crystals.

Calcium blood levels are very tightly regulated with the aid of parathyroid hormone and vitamin D. The statements below represent actions that take place during times of low blood calcium, times of high blood calcium, or neither. Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins.

In low blood Calcium: - Increased production of PTH stimulates activation of vitamin D - Parathyroid glands increase secretion of PTH - PTH and vitamin D stimulate increased break down of bone. In High blood Calcium: - Less calcium is reabsorbed by kidneys - Parathyroid glands decrease secretion of PTH - Osteoclasts are inhibited, leading to decreased break down of bone Doesn't Occur: - increased vitamin D activation leads to decreased calcium absorption from intestine

Hypocalcemia occurs when blood concentration of calcium falls abnormally low. Symptoms can include muscle spasms and convulsions. Which of these is least likely to lead to hypocalcemia?

Low calcium intake

Has Andy met his vitamin D RDA? Does he need a supplement?

No, his vitamin D intake was below RDA, and he needs a supplement.

Vitamin K, one of the fat-soluble vitamins, plays a role in both bone health and blood clotting. Choose the correct statement about vitamin K.

Vitamin K deficiency inhibits the blood's ability to clot.

The skeletal system is not static in structure. Bones are constantly being broken down and rebuilt. Complete the statement about bone remodeling. ____________ is/are responsible for breaking down bone during remodeling.

osteoclasts

Collagen provides structure to bone, teeth, skin, and many other tissues and organs. Vitamin C deficiency can lead to ____________ because of vitamin C's critical role in collagen synthesis.

scurvy