Nutrition chapters 5-7

Instructions for making proteins are coded in a cell's ________.

DNA

________ is the process that changes the normal shape of a protein and, as a result, the molecule loses its usual function.

Denaturation

Which of the following is NOT classified as a complex carbohydrate?

Maltose

After absorption, amino acids travel to the liver via the hepatic portal vein.

true

Bill recorded his food intake for a week and then used a computerized dietary analysis program to analyze his diet record. According to the results of the analysis, his average fat intake was ________% of total calories each day, which is within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range.

25

The AMDR for carbohydrates is ..

45-65% of kcals

If an average adult's RDA for protein is 65 grams, they would weigh approximately _____.

81 KILOGRAMS (178 POUNDS)

Which amino acid can be made in the body?

Alanine

Which of the following statements about kwashiorkor is true?

All of the choices are correct.

Which of the following statements is true?

Excessive thirst and frequent urination are signs of diabetes.

For someone who has Type 2 DM, blood glucose regulation is difficult because the pancreas doesn't produce any insulin

False

Lipids include phospholipids, sterols, and amino acids.

False

An impoverished child living in a developing country is at risk of suffering from protein-energy malnutrition. If this child consumes insufficient dietary protein, what is the physiological consequence?

Insufficient protein intake inhibits the body's ability to make immune antibodies, some hormones, and enzymes.

Which of the following is a condition caused by protein-energy malnutrition and characterized by stunted growth, sparse and brittle hair, patches of skin discoloration, edema and swelling, a distended abdomen, infections, and poor wound healing?

Kwashiorkor

Which lipoprotein has the highest percentage of cholesterol?

LDL

Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol?

LDL

Suppose you go to your doctor and get the following values on a blood lipid profile. What can you conclude? LDL Cholesterol = 140 mg/dl Blood Glucose = 90 mg/dl Total Cholesterol = 210 mg/dl HDL Cholesterol = 34 mg/dl

LDL Cholesterol is high, Blood Glucose is good, Total Cholesterol is high, HDL Cholesterol is low

Which of the following is considered an essential amino acid?

Methionine

Which of the following functions as an emulsifier in the body and is required for cell membrane structure?

Phospholipids

________ contribute to the flexibility, structure, and proper functioning of cell membranes.

Phospholipids

Which of the following foods is NOT a significant source of carbohydrate?

Salmon (Fish)

Which of the following foods is NOT a significant source of CHO?

Salmon (fish)

Which of the following is a complex carbohydrate?

Soluble Fiber

Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate?

Starch

Eating a diet high in trans fatty acids has been shown to increase circulating levels of LDL. Why do food manufacturers use trans fatty acids like partially hydrogenated vegetable oils in packaged and processed foods?

Trans fatty acids increase a food's shelf life.

Consumers of regular soft drinks are likely to have excessive energy intakes that contribute to weight gain.

True

Enzymatic digestion of proteins begins in the stomach.

True

Which of the following is NOT a complete protein source?

apples

If your diet supplies more sugar and starch than you need, the excess can be

converted into fat and stored.

If a diet does not provide adequate carbohydrate to meet immediate energy needs, the body compensates by altering its metabolism of other nutrients. Insufficient dietary carbohydrate can lead to elevated levels of ketone bodies. Ketone bodies are the by-products of partial breakdown of ________.

fat

When muscle cells have more glucose than they need for energy, they may store some of the excess as

glycogen.

Layla has a high risk of cardiovascular disease, because of her family history and ________.

high blood levels of LDL cholesterol

When a person's blood glucose level drops too low to provide enough energy for cells they have a condition called ________.

hypoglycemia

Duncan's diet contains high amounts of protein and fat, but it is very low in carbohydrates. As a result of following this diet, Duncan's body forms more ________ than normal.

ketone bodies

Clayton is a 19-year-old college student. He avoids milk, because he claims drinking the beverage upsets his stomach and gives him intestinal "gas." However, he can eat yogurt and certain types of cheese without experiencing any symptoms. Based on this information, Clayton probably has

lactose intolerance.

Following absorption, galactose and fructose are converted to glucose in the

liver

A scientist has isolated a fatty acid that has 26 carbons. Most of the carbon atoms in the fatty acid chain are connected by single bonds, except there is a double bond between the number 3 and 4 carbons as well as the number 9 and 10 carbons. The only other elements in the compound are hydrogen and oxygen. Based on this information, the compound is a ________ fatty acid.

polyunsaturated

Carbohydrate absorption occurs almost exclusively in the ________.

small intestine

Major functions of lipids include all of the following EXCEPT ________.

stimulate the production of vitamins and minerals

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids?

Avocado

Sarah had her gallbladder removed one week ago. At her follow-up visit, she complained of having greasy stools. What dietary modification could help to alleviate Sarah's problem?

Avoid high-fat meals

In the near future, dietitians may have the ability to make dietary recommendations based on an analysis of a person's genetic makeup in addition to traditional forms of health assessment.

True

Plants make glucose from carbon dioxide and water

True

Ribosomes are organelles that reside in the cytoplasm of living cells. Their role during protein synthesis is to "translate" or decode the mRNA strand.

True

When blood sugar drops, glucagon is released from the pancreas and converts glycogen (from the liver) to glucose.

True