Nutrition Exam 2

A nurse is teaching clients about insensible water losses in a diabetic nutrition class. The nurse knows that teaching was successful by which comment?

"I think I perspired more when we hiked the mountains."

A nurse is teaching clients about fluid and balance distribution in the body. Which statements by the clients indicate teaching is successful?

"About 80% of water needs come from fluid and 20% from foods."

A nurse is teaching a breastfeeding class to expectant mothers. Which of the following statements should the nurse share with the mothers? Select all that apply.

"Breast milk is comprised of what you eat and what your body has stored." "Even if your nutrient intake is slightly low, your baby may still get adequate nutrition from breast milk."

A nurse is teaching a pregnant mother about the benefits of breast milk. Which statements by the client indicate that teaching is successful? Select all that apply.

"Breast milk is the standard by which substitute milks are measured." "Breast milk will decrease the rate of sudden infant death syndrome." "If I breastfeed now my child will probably not get eczema."

Which vitamin does the placenta concentrate so that the fetus can store it and use it during the first few months of life?

B12

A nurse is teaching a class on home remedies for maintaining acid-base balance. Which statements by the class indicate that further teaching is necessary? Select all that apply.

"I use baking soda to treat my GERD and I have not had any heartburn." "I drink about 1/3 cup of lemon juice daily to help me lose weight."

A nurse is teaching a health and nutrition class about foodborne illnesses. Which statement by the client is correct about Toxoplasma gondii?

"I have to make sure to wash all fruits and vegetables."

A nurse is teaching a pregnant mother how to take iron supplements. Which statements by the client indicate that teaching is successful? Select all that apply.

"I should take the supplement with vitamin C for absorption." "I may have to take a stool softener if I feel constipated."

A nurse teaches clients in a prepregnancy nutrition class that protein is required to build fetal tissue. Which comment about the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of protein for pregnant women is correct?

"I will have to increase my protein by a little more than half.

A nurse is taking care of a pediatric client. The client's parent asks the nurse how to develop good eating habits for her preschool child. What is the nurse's best response?

"Make sure to have regular mealtimes with your child; routines are crucial."

A nurse is teaching clients about malabsorption during nutrition class, the nurse knows that teaching was successful by which comment?

"Malabsorption leads to malnutrition, which prevents cell reproduction."

A nurse is teaching clients about mechanical digestion in the body. Which statement by the clients indicates teaching is successful?

"Muscle activity, regulated by nerves, churns food to reduce it to smaller particles."

A nurse is doing discharge teaching for a client who was diagnosed with the norovirus. Which preventions does the nurse recommend to the client? Select all that apply.

"Now that you have been infected remember to wash your hands or wear gloves when working with food at home." "Clean and disinfect all food preparation surfaces and equipment when preparing foods at home." "Always wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly before preparation or consumption at home."

When teaching a group of older adults about health and nutrition, what recommendation about hand washing does a nurse make? Select all that apply.

"Please remember to wash your hands before and after meal preparation." "Wash your hands after using the bathroom and after sneezing." "Wash your hands between touching one person and then another." "Wash your hands before and after touching surfaces a sick person touched."

A nurse is teaching a class on maternal-child health, when a client asks, "How will I wean my baby off of breast milk to food?" Which response by the nurse is best? Select all that apply.

"Semisolid foods are given to complement breast milk, and then a cup will follow." "To avoid later food allergies, solid foods should start when the baby is interested." "New foods should be introduced one at a time, a week apart to prevent problems."

A nurse is teaching a class on health and nutrition; this week the class is on cell usage of nutrients. Which statements by the class indicate that teaching is successful? Select all that apply.

"The liver can change excess amino acids into carbohydrates for energy use." "The liver helps detoxify alcohol, drugs, and poisons as by-products of digestion."

A nurse is discharging a client with malabsorption issues. During discharge teaching, which statements about digestion indicate that teaching was successful? Select all that apply.

"The liver is an accessory organ and helps by breaking down fats in my diet." "Bile helps digestion by breaking down fat and is stored in the gallbladder." "The pancreas is involved in the digestion of all energy nutrients, like protein."

A nurse is teaching clients about the importance of water balance. Which statement by the clients shows an understanding of maintaining daily hydration?

"The proper amount of water required each day is difficult to determine."

A nurse is taking care of an older client who is weak from a foodborne illness. Which statement by the client is correct concerning foodborne illnesses?

"They tested my stool and I have the norovirus."

A nurse is discharging a client 7 days postoperatively for a CABG (coronary arterial bypass graft). During discharge teaching, which statements made by the client indicate that teaching was successful? Select all that apply.

"To maintain osmotic pressure and osmolality, I have to watch my salt intake." "I have to maintain a stable potassium level or I risk another heart attack."

When teaching a group of adolescents about childhood obesity, what recommendations about prevention do the adolescents make that ensure teaching was successful? Select all that apply.

"Women should breastfeed their kids, it helps prevent overeating later." "I would limit the amount of sweet drinks, like soda, my kid could have." "I think they should offer healthier food choices and drinks in schools."

A nurse is caring for a pregnant client in her second trimester. By how much should the nurse expect the client to increase her energy intake per day?

340 kilocalories per day

A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with steatorrhea. Which treatment should the nurse expect?

A decrease in dietary fat

Which clients are at an increased risk of excessive gestational weight gain? Select all that apply.

African American women Lower-income women Overweight women Obese women

A nurse is leading a seminar on digestion. Which will the nurse identify as the primary place of digestion?

Alimentary canal

A nurse is teaching a class on child health. Which problems of nutrition are common and are likely to be mentioned? Select all that apply.

Allergies Iron-deficiency anemia Calcium deficiency Lactose intolerance

A nurse received a report from the emergency department and is waiting to admit a client diagnosed with fluid retention. Which mechanism does the nurse suspect of causing the client's retention problems? Select all that apply.

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), aldosterone

A nurse is leading a seminar about nutrition during pregnancy. Which statement made by the nurse is correct?

Appropriate nutrition is critical from within 2 to 3 months of conception.

A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with anxiety. The client becomes upset and begins to hyperventilate. What is the most important action by the nurse at this time?

Ask the client to breathe through one nostril with mouth closed.

A nurse is teaching a class on growth and development for new parents. Teaching is successful if parents assist toddlers with which task?

Autonomy by encouraging nutritional food choices

A nurse is caring for a pregnant client who says she is actively working to reduce her risk of exposure to listeriosis. What actions does the nurse expect the client to be taking? Select all that apply.

Avoiding consumption of Brie and feta cheeses Cooking leftover food to 165°F Refrigerating uneaten foods within 2 hours

A home-care nurse is assessing a client and the client's ability to prepare foods at home in a safe and effective manner. What are contributing factors that can lead to bacterial contamination of foods? Select all that apply.

Bare-handed contact Raw product contaminates Food at room temperature Insufficient cook times

A nurse is discharging a client to home and discussing protein for normal body maintenance. Which component of acid-base balance within the body has important implications for protein maintenance? Select all that apply.

Bicarbonate, Carbonic acid, hemoglobin

When teaching children how to develop good health habits, which behaviors should a parent teach the child to practice? Select all that apply.

Brushing teeth after meals Washing hands before meals

A nurse is teaching a class on calcium and maternal health. Which of the following should be mentioned in the class? Select all that apply.

Calcium absorption increases during pregnancy. Supplemental calcium is not needed. About 5% of bone mass is used in lactation. Calcium reduces risk of maternal death.

When speaking to a group of clients about digestion, what does a nurse teach as the ultimate destination for food's nutrients?

Cells

A nurse is waiting to take care of a client suffering from a foodborne illness. Which prevention factors will the nurse teach the client? Select all that apply.

Clean hands, surfaces, and foods. Separate raw foods from cooked.

A client is admitted from the emergency department with a diagnosis of gut failure. Which symptoms does a nurse suspect from this diagnosis? Select all that apply.

Diarrhea Malabsorption Poor response to oral feedings

When teaching pregnant clients about food safety, which suggestion does a nurse give? Select all that apply.

Do not eat soft cheeses. Do not eat refrigerated meat spreads. Do not eat refrigerated smoked seafood. Do not eat Caesar salad dressing.

A nurse knows that the only time humans grow faster than in infancy is during pregnancy. How much does an infant grow after birth?

Double by 1 year of age

A nurse is taking care of a client diagnosed with malabsorption issues. If nutrients are not transported to the liver and metabolized, where do they go?

Eliminated through excretion

When taking care of a 15-year-old pediatric client with adolescent acne, which dietary component does a nurse explain as having influence on the development of acne? Select all that apply.

Hyperglycemic carbohydrates milk saturated fats trans fats

A nurse is leading a seminar about healthy lifestyle choices. The nurse teaches that good nutrition is:

Essential for infants and children.

Which methods are best when assessing water balance in the body? Select all that apply.

Examine the client over a period of several days. Be specific when teaching clients how much to intake. Ask the client about their intake for the day. Record ice chips as one-half the volume of water given.

A nurse is taking care of a client diagnosed with dehydration. The client states, "I was fine until I worked out in the yard for a few hours." What does the nurse suspect happened?

Excessive perspiration

A nurse is teaching clients about microbiology and food illness. Which conditions does the nurse teach the clients about bacteria that contribute to foodborne illness?

Favorable temperatures

A nurse is discharging a client to home and discussing elimination for normal body maintenance. Which statement made by the nurse is appropriate? Select all that apply.

Feces are mostly water. Feces contain cellular wastes. Feces contain bile salts.

Why does a nurse expect a pregnant mother to monitor fatty acid intake?

Fetal brain development

A nurse knows that most foodborne illnesses cause which symptoms?

Gastric distress

A nurse is teaching a class on childhood obesity to parents of overweight children. Which treatment choices does the nurse suggest? Select all that apply.

Healthy diet choices Physical activity Nutrition counseling Parent participation

A nurse is caring for a pregnant adolescent in her second trimester. What should the nurse be careful to assess with this client? Select all that apply.

Income Client growth and development Nutrition

A nurse is caring for a pregnant client diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Which of the following does the nurse expect?

Increased risk of maternal death

A nurse is waiting to take care of an infant with a diagnosis of failure to thrive (FTT) from the emergency department. Which does the nurse suspect as a reason for the infant's diagnosis? Select all that apply.

Insufficient breast milk Excessive juice consumption Problems with poor sucking Insufficient formula

A nurse is teaching a class on foodborne illnesses. What does the nurse teach about food irradiation? Select all that apply.

Irradiation kills bacteria and parasites. Irradiation delays sprouting and ripening. The FDA requires a logo of "Radura." The FDA requires the use of a label.

A nurse is taking care of a client diagnosed with Listeria infection. Why is this bacteria different from other foodborne illnesses?

It can grow in refrigerated temperatures

Infants are at high risk for hemorrhagic disease due to lack of which process? Select all that apply.

Lack of vitamin K transfer across the placenta Lack of vitamin K in breast milk

A nurse is caring for a pediatric client diagnosed with renal insufficiency. How much urine does the nurse suspect the child is excreting?

Less 1 mL of urine/kg of body weight/hr

A nurse is taking care of an adolescent child diagnosed with a leg fracture. What factors does the nurse suspect impacted incidence of the fracture? Select all that apply.

Low calcium intake Use of corticosteroids Insufficient vitamin D

A nurse is teaching clients about food label descriptions. Which terms and their meanings are included on labels? Select all that apply.

Low indicates 3 grams or less per serving of fat. High indicates 20% or more of the daily value.

A client is admitted from the emergency department to the medical surgical floor with a diagnosis of heatstroke. Which treatments does a nurse suspect were done prior to EMS arriving on the scene? Select all that apply.

Made to lie down and clothing removed Ice bags applied to neck, axillae, and groin Sprayed with water while being fanned

A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with a food allergy. What is the most important action by the nurse at this time?

Making sure the client avoids the implicated food

When discharging a client who had gastric-bypass surgery, a nurse makes sure to include information about the digestive process. Which information should the nurse share about the function of mechanical digestion with this client? Select all that apply.

Mastication Peristalsis

A nurse is caring for an elderly client at the clinic who is complaining of intermittent vomiting. Which condition is the client at risk for if gastric juices are lost through vomiting?

Metabolic alkalosis

A nurse is caring for a pediatric client diagnosed with celiac disease. Which food does the nurse suspect the client will not be able to tolerate?

Milk

A nurse is discharging a client who was formerly diagnosed with malabsorption issues. Teaching is successful when the client identifies which end products of digestion? Select all that apply.

Monosaccharides Monoglycerides Peptides Amino acids

A nurse is caring for a client who was brought to the emergency department due to difficulty swallowing. The nurse suspects the client to have which other symptoms? Select all that apply

Nasal regurgitation Pocketing of food Poor tongue control Slurred speech

When speaking to a group of clients about water loss for a normal, healthy adult, what function eliminates 400 to 600 mL per day of liquid?

Obligatory excretion

A nurse is teaching a health and nutrition class for pregnant mothers with toddlers. Which nutrient needs are recommended for the preschool child?

Recommended daily intake of 1,300 to 1,500 kcal/day

A nurse is teaching a nutrition class regarding food label information. Which contents listed on the food label are mandated by the FDA? Select all that apply.

Serving sizes Daily values Health claims

Which of the following may occur due to insufficient folate intake during pregnancy? Select all that apply.

Spina bifida Anencephaly Meningoencephalocele

A pediatric client is brought to the clinic. The mother of the child states that the child has "vomited twice and had diarrhea all morning". The child is 3 years old and weighs 35 lbs. The mother states that the child's weight was 37 lbs at the doctor's office last week. What actions does a nurse take next? Select all that apply.

The child has lost ~5% weight; give the child Pedialyte® and monitor. The child has had prolonged diarrhea; call the health-care provider now.

A nurse is leading a seminar about nutrition and food contamination. Which of the following is a reason for possible contamination?

The food handling process

A nurse is leading a seminar about healthy food choices. The nurse teaches that water is:

The largest constituent of the body.

A nurse is taking care of a client with staph. The current treatment is not working. What does the nurse suspect as the reason for this ineffective treatment?

The overuse of antibiotics has caused a resistance to treatment.

A nurse knows the digestive tract is lined with mucus. What is the function of the mucus?

To help facilitate the passage of food

A nurse is teaching clients about the importance of absorption after digestion of nutrients in the body. Which process will the nurse discuss?

Transportation of nutrients into the blood

What do the solids of elimination consist of? Select all that apply.

Undigested dietary fiber Undigested food Cholesterol Mucus

A nurse receives a call from the emergency department about an elderly client with Salmonella infection. What does the nurse suspect led to this condition?

Unpasteurized milk

A nurse is teaching a class on foodborne illness with immunosuppressed clients. Which recommendations should the clients follow? Select all that apply.

Use a safe water source. Cook all meat to 165° to 212° F. Refrigerate leftovers immediately. Eat foods prior to expiration date.

A nurse is discharging a client with chemical poisoning. Which treatment choices does the nurse suggest to the client's caretaker to prevent further chemical poisoning upon return to home? Select all that apply.

Use products for intended uses only. Read labels before use of product. Keep chemicals in original container.

A nurse teaches clients in a prepregnancy nutrition class that routine administration of which vitamin is mandatory and why?

Vitamin K to reduce risk of hemorrhagic disease

A nurse is taking care of a client diagnosed with norovirus. Which recommendation by the CDC does the nurse use to take care of the client?

Washing hands frequently

When discharging a client who had gastric-bypass surgery, a nurse makes sure to include information about the importance of water. Which information about the function of water does the nurse include? Select all that apply.

Water is a solvent for minerals. Water maintains blood pressure. Water regulates body temperature. Water is a structural nutrient.

A nurse is reviewing recommendations by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) about water consumption while caring for a client diagnosed with HIV. The CDC recommends this client consume which of the following? Select all that apply.

Water of reverse osmosis Water that has been distilled Water that has been filtered

A nurse knows that babies are born with about 78% water. Which of the following is true at 1 year of age?

Water percentage drops to 65%

A nurse caring for a client diagnosed with dehydration secondary to vomiting from a "stomach bug." Which foods are best to be introduced at this time? Select all that apply.

apple juice broth popsicles

A nurse is caring for a client with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The client acquired this disease by which infective agent?

beef

In order to reduce the risk of maternal anemia, what types of foods does a nurse help a pregnant client identify? Select all that apply.

beef spinach eggs

A nurse is taking care of an adolescent client admitted with a broken arm. Which nutritional needs should the nurse be concerned with?

calcium and iron

A nurse teaches pregnant clients about common nutritional problems in infancy. Which problem is rarely seen in breastfed infants?

constipation

A nurse is teaching pregnant clients about healthy living and obtaining adequate fatty acids (DHA) from the foods in our diets. Which food source would the nurse include in this discussion?

fish

A nurse teaches pregnant clients about neural tube defects (NTDs) that can cause brain and spinal defects in infants. Which nutrient should the nurse mention in this discussion?

folic acid

A nurse is caring for a 45-year-old client pregnant with her first child. Which assessments does the nurse expect to discuss? Select all that apply.

height weight activity nutrition

The children of which group of women should a nurse expect to be at higher risk for developing NTDs?

hispanic women

Which deficiency of toddlers is associated with behavioral and cognitive delays?

iron

A nurse is caring for a pregnant woman diagnosed with vitamin A excess. Which treatment does the nurse suspect the woman received during the first trimester?

isotretinoin

A nurse is teaching a client diagnosed with metabolic acidosis secondary to laxative abuse about the importance of acid-base balance within the body. Which organs does the nurse explain to the client are responsible for maintaining balance within our bodies? Select all that apply.

lungs, kidneys

A client calls a nurse at the clinic about her infant having colic. Which treatment is too new for the nurse to suggest?

probiotics

A nurse is caring for a pregnant client diagnosed with listeriosis. The nurse is concerned about which symptoms? Select all that apply.

stillbirth spontaneous abortion septicemia meningitis

A nurse is teaching a client about the types of carbohydrates that cannot be digested. Client teaching is successful when the client names which foods? Select all that apply.

vegetables legumes