Nutrition Exam 4 Study Set (Chapters 9 & 11)
The Adequate Intake (AI) for total water intake is approximately ___ cups for young women and approximately _____ cups for young men.
11; 15.5
The production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach requires the mineral _________.
Chloride
The mineral that is a component of the oxygen transporting proteins hemoglobin and myoglobin is _____.
Iron
When the density and quality of bone is reduced and a person has porous bone, the individual is diagnosed as having _______________.
Osteoporosis
True or False: There is no Upper Level for potassium.
True
The goal of the initiation phase of a new exercise program is to ______. - Reward yourself with sedentary activities you enjoy for every 10 minutes of exercise - Accumulate 150 minutes of moderate intensity type of activity each week - Exercise vigorously for 45 minutes at least 5 days a week
- Accumulate 150 minutes of moderate intensity type of activity each week
The goal of the initiation phase of a new exercise program is to _______. - Accumulate 150 minutes of moderate-intensity type of activity each week - Reward yourself with sedentary activities you enjoy for every 10 minutes of exercise - Exercise vigorously for 45 minutes at least 5 days a week
- Accumulate 150 minutes of moderate-intensity type of activity each week
During exercise, what do muscle cells immediately use as the energy source for contractions? - Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) - Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - Fatty acids - Lactate
- Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Pair each source of fuel with when it is used by the body during exercise.
- Carbohydrate Is primary fuel ------------ 200-meter hurdles - Fat is the primary fuel ---------walking at slow pace - Protein is the primary fuel --------- supplies only a minor percentage of energy
Which of the following is the correct definition of catabolize? - Chemical reactions that add electrons - Chemical reactions that progressively break down - Chemical reactions that progressively build up
- Chemical reactions that progressively break down
_______ enhances the effects of insulin on cell membranes. - Boron - Cobalamin - Selenium - Chromium
- Chromium
Because molybdenum is needed for the function of several enzymes, molybdenum is considered to be a ________. - Cofactor - Enzyme factor - Hormone
- Cofactor
Signs and symptoms of dehydration include ______. - Coma - Rapid weight loss - Fatigue and thirst - Straw-colored urine
- Coma - Rapid weight loss - Fatigue and thirst
Rank the activities below, begin with the activities that should be done infrequently and are at the top of the physical activity pyramid. End with activities that belong at the base of the physical activity pyramid.
- Computer games and watching television - Recreational activities such as golf, bowling, or baseball - Aerobic, strength, and flexibility exercise - Physical activities such as taking the stairs and raking leaves
The iron-containing protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen to tissues and some carbon dioxide away from tissues is called _____. - Myoglobin - Hemoglobin - Neuroglobin - Cytochrome
- Hemoglobin
What first aid should you give a person suspected of experiencing heatstroke? - If conscious and not vomiting, give the person cool water to drink - Call 911 - Massage legs and arms to prevent heat cramps -Spray the skin with cool water
- If conscious and not vomiting, give the person cool water to drink - Call 911 -Spray the skin with cool water
Choose the functions of iron. - Important in brain development - Essential for bone and teeth strength - Needed for immune system function - Necessary for oxygen transport
- Important in brain development - Needed for immune system function - Necessary for oxygen transport
An increase in muscle acidity results in _______. - Increased use of fat as a fuel - Improved performance - Muscle fatigue
- Muscle fatigue
Athletes who don't consume sufficient calories can experience _______. - Increased risk of cancer - Muscle mass loss - Increased risk of heart disease - Fatigue - Loss of bone density
- Muscle mass loss - Fatigue - Loss of bone density
Select the food source that has the least amount of selenium per serving. - Mushrooms, 1/2 cup - Oysters, canned, 3 oz - Brazil nuts, 6-8 nuts - Turkey, toasted, 3 oz
- Mushrooms, 1/2 cup
Choose the best definition of each term.
- Myoglobin ------- iron-containing protein in muscle cells - Hemoglobin ------ iron-containing protein in RBCs
Since there is no Upper Level set for potassium, is it advisable for individuals to take potassium supplements? - No - Yes
- No
People who exercise regularly can reduce their risk of ________. - Hemosiderosis - Megaloblastic anemia - Iron deficiency - Osteoporosis
- Osteoporosis
The chronic disease characterized by loss of bone mass and reduced bone structure is called ______. - Osteosarcoma - Osteoporosis - Rickets - Osteomalacia
- Osteoporosis
Which functions of iron are associated with optimizing athletic performance? - Oxygen transport - Neurotransmitter production - Energy production - Red blood cell production
- Oxygen transport - Energy production - Red blood cell production
Which of the following foods would be a nutritious low-fat, high-carbohydrate food for an athlete? - Cheese sticks - Fried chicken breast - Sausage pizza - Pasta with fresh vegetables
- Pasta with fresh vegetables
Which of the following is true about a beginning strength training program? - Always life the heaviest possible weight - Perform at least one set of 8 to 15 repetitions - When you can perform more than 15 repetitions, increase the weight
- Perform at least one set of 8 to 15 repetitions - When you can perform more than 15 repetitions, increase the weight
Which of the following are examples of aerobic activities? - Swimming laps - Soccer - Strength training - Cross-country skiing
- Swimming laps - Soccer - Cross-country skiing
Examples of diuretics include ______. - Tea - Coffee - Milk - Caffeine
- Tea - Coffee - Caffeine
Where does water move if a cell has fewer sodium ions in the cell than there are in the solution surrounding the cell? - The water moves into the cell - The water moves into the surrounding solution
- The water moves into the surrounding solution
Which of the following nutrients cannot be metabolized for ATP production? - Fat - Protein - Thiamin - Glucose
- Thiamin
What gland uses iodine? - Hypothalamus - Thyroid gland - Pituitary gland - Sweat glands
- Thyroid gland
Select the primary function of iodine - Thyroid hormone synthesis - Bone mineralization - Growth and development
- Thyroid hormone synthesis
Iron, zinc, chromium, and copper are all _____ minerals. - Possible essential - Major - Trace
- Trace
The RDA for iron is 8 mg and 18 mg, for young men and women, respectively. Based on this information, iron is a ________ mineral. - Trace - Conditionally essential - Possible essential - Major
- Trace
Choose the roles of sodium within the body. - Preserver of food - Transporting small substances into cells - Proper muscle functioning - Nerve transmission
- Transporting small substances into cells - Proper muscle functioning - Nerve transmission
In the human body, water is involved in ______. - Transporting substances - Providing energy to furl cellular activity - Protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids from free radical damage - Alcohol digestion
- Transporting substances
Select the food source that provides the most selenium per serving. - Tuna, 3 oz - Whole wheat bread, 1 slice - Egg noodles, cooked, 1 cup - Ground beef, 3 oz
- Tuna, 3 oz
Which of the following chronic conditions would be improved by a program of regular exercise? - Kidney disease - Type 2 diabetes - Osteoporosis - Hypertension - Obesity
- Type 2 diabetes - Osteoporosis - Hypertension - Obesity
Select the food that supplies the highest source of iron. - Kidney beans, canned, 3 oz - Beef liver, 3 oz cooked - Raisins, 1/4 cup - Whole grain total, cereal, 3/4 cup
- Whole grain total, cereal, 3/4 cup
Choose the good food sources of magnesium. - Whole grains - Spinach and green leafy vegetables - Beans, nuts, and seeds - Refined grains - Chocolate
- Whole grains - Spinach and green leafy vegetables - Beans, nuts, and seeds - Chocolate
Which of the following are vegetarian sources of iron? - Green grapes - Whole-grain total cereal - Mushrooms - Kidney beans
- Whole-grain total cereal - Mushrooms - Kidney beans
Enzymes that require manganese function in which of the following processes? - Wound healing - Bone formation - Antioxidant activities - Immune function
- Wound healing - Bone formation - Antioxidant activities
Is chromium known as an essential trace mineral for humans? - No - Yes
- Yes
Where does water move, if a cell has more sodium ions in the cell than there are in the solution surrounding the cell? - into the cell - into the surround solution
- into the cell
What is the adult RDA for protein? - 0.8 g/kg - 2.0 g/kg - 1.0 g/kg - 5.0 g/kg
- 0.8 g/kg
The average adult female needs about _______ cups of fluid per day. - 15 - 11 - 12 - 5
- 11
In the United States, the plastic used to make water bottles may contain _______. - EPA - Bisphenol A - EDTA - Acetyl CoA
- Bisphenol A
Coffee, tea, energy drinks, and caffeine containing drinks are all examples of _____. - Antidiuretics - Aldosterone - Diuretics
- Diuretics
Plants obtain the minerals they need from ______. - Soil - Fertilizers - Air - Animals
- Soil - Fertilizers
Which are important parts of a good fitness program? - Warming up and cooling down - Being skilled in a sport - Aerobic training - Strength training
- Warming up and cooling down - Aerobic training - Strength training
Which of the following statements is true? - A quick and easy way to measure your heart rate is to place your fingers over your pulmonary artery and count the number of beats per minute - Weight lifting and other resistance exercises can increase bone mass - Measuring your pulse during exercise is not an effective way of predicting the activity's intensity - In general, television watching is classified as a moderate-intensity physical activity.
- Weight lifting and other resistance exercises can increase bone mass
True or False: Chromium is a trace mineral because it is needed in large amounts.
False
The protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen to tissues and contains iron is ___________.
Hemoglobin
The group of elements that exist in the Earth's rocks, soil and water is called _________.
Minerals
The Adequate Intake for total water is approximately ______ cups per day for young women. (Note that this question is asking for total water intake which includes fluid intake as well as water from food sources). - 9 - 11 - 13
- 11
The average adult male needs about ______ cups of fluid per day. - 10 - 14 - 15.5
- 15.5
Monroe is a healthy 55-year-old man who performs moderate-intensity physical activities and muscle strengthening exercises to stay fit. According to recommendations of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, he should perform at least __________ minutes of moderately intense physical activity each week. - 75 - 150 - 100 - 200
- 150
Approximately how much carbohydrate should an athlete consume 3 to 4 hours before competing? - 2000 to 3000 g - 200 to 300 g - 20 to 30 g
- 200 to 300 g
Dominic has a family history of hypertension. According to the Chronic Disease Risk Reduction Intakes (CDRR) for sodium, Dominic should lower or maintain his sodium intake to below ______ mg/day to reduce his risk of chronic disease, including hypertension. - 2000 - 1300 - 2300 - 3300
- 2300
Match the activity with its correct frequency.
- 3-5 days/week ----------- aerobic exercise - Most days --------- physical activity - 2-3 days/week ----------- flexibility exercise
What is the recommended intake of carbohydrate for a 145-pound (66 kg) female athlete? - 396 to 660 g - 20 to 60 g - 1000 to 1600 g
- 396 to 660 g
I weigh 50 kg, what is my RDA for protein? - 80 g - 60 g - 40 g - 50 g
- 40 g
A substance, such as caffeine, that increases urine production is called ______. - A diuretic - Insensible perspiration - Antidiuretic hormone
- A diuretic
When enzymes in cells break the bonds between the phosphate groups in ATP to release energy, which products are formed? - ATP - H2O - ADP - Pi
- ADP - Pi
When enzymes in cells break the bonds between the phosphate groups in ATP to release energy, which products are formed? - H2O - ATP - ADP - Pi
- ADP - Pi
________ is the primary source of direct energy ("energy currency") for cells. - Glycogen - Fat - ATP - Glucose
- ATP
The breakdown of macronutrients into energy is called _______. - Regeneration - Catabolism - Anabolism
- Catabolism
Zinc ______ widespread in the food chain - Is not - Is
- Is
Which of the following foods contains the most water by weight? - Safflower oil - Peach - Whole-wheat bread - Crackers, saltine
- Peach
Oliver's weekly exercise program includes stair stepping, stretching, cycling, and squats. Which of these activities is generally classified as a strength (resistance) exercise? - Stair stepping - Stretching - Cycling - Squats
- Squats
True or False: Bottled water is safe than tap water.
False
Having a regular __________ cycle is linked to a healthy bone mineral density in women.
Menstural
True or False: Antioxidant supplements are not recommended for athletes.
True
True or False: If a person is severely dehydrated, a coma may result.
True
True or False: Sodium ions are necessary for maintaining fluid balance in the body.
True
True or False: Trace minerals that have yet to have a clearly identified function in humans include boron, nickel, vanadium, arsenic, lithium, and silicon.
True
True or False? Including daily physical activity in one's lifestyle may help decrease the risk of developing certain types of cancer.
True
A male has more muscle tissue than a female, therefore he will have ______ fluid in his body. - More - Less
- More
Lean muscle tissue contains _____ water than fat tissue. - More - Less
- More
Which of the following is true? - Walking, bowling, and playing golf are forms of vigorous-intensity physical activity - For engaging in moderate physical activity, the target heart rate zone should be 25 to 50% of a person's age-related maximum heart rate - Low-intensity, unconstructed physical activities include rapid walking, lunges, and squats - Aerobic exercise involves rhythmic, sustained contractions of large muscle groups.
- Aerobic exercise involves rhythmic, sustained contractions of large muscle groups.
Which of the following statements about calcium is false? - A person's calcium intake early in life can affect his or her bone density later - Adolescents should consume adequate dairy products to build strong bones - The calcium in dairy products is well absorbed by the body - After bones are formed early in life, the body has no need for calcium
- After bones are formed early in life, the body has no need for calcium
Health benefits of including physical activity in your daily routine include which of the following? - Aids in weight loss/control - Increases emotional stress - Improves flexibility and balance - Strengthens bones and joints - Decreases immune function
- Aids in weight loss/control - Improves flexibility and balance - Strengthens bones and joints
______ can be metabolized for ATP production. - Alcohol - Vitamin D - Iron - Pyridoxal phosphate
- Alcohol
Molybdenum is required for the normal function of which enzymes? - Aldehyde oxidase - Sulfite oxidase - Nuclear oxidase - Nitrate oxidase
- Aldehyde oxidase - Sulfite oxidase
Which of the following is true about antioxidant supplements? - Antioxidant supplements are not recommended for athletes - Antioxidant supplements are effective ergogenic aids - Antioxidant supplements increase the production of ATP
- Antioxidant supplements are not recommended for athletes
Which of the following minerals may have physiological roles in the body, but since their roles are not clear they have not been classified as essential nutrients? - Arsenic - Calcium - Fluoride - Nickel
- Arsenic - Nickel
Which of the following statements is true? - Athletes can benefit from consuming sports drinks during prolonged physical exertion - While engaging in vigorous physical activities, athletes should consume fruit drinks and sugar-sweetened soft drinks that have at least 20% sugar contents to meet their carbohydrate needs - During vigorous physical activity that lasts more than 60 minutes, glycogen in muscles tends to increase - High-fat diets are generally recommended for competitive athletes
- Athletes can benefit from consuming sports drinks during prolonged physical exertion
Which of the following foods is not a good source of calcium? - Canned sardines - Baked chicken - Fat-free yogurt - Raw kale
- Baked chicken
What are some examples of good food choices for pre-event meals? - Banana - English muffin - Bacon, lettuce, tomato sandwich on white toast - Frozen yogurt
- Banana - English muffin - Frozen yogurt
Choose examples of ergogenic aids. - Bee pollen - Electrical stimulators - Alcohol - Ginseng
- Bee pollen - Electrical stimulators - Ginseng
Which of the following are good sources of iron? - Beef liver - Milk - Oranges - Pumpkin seeds
- Beef liver - Pumpkin seeds
The body's ability to absorb and use minerals is called _______. - Mineral uptake - Bioavailability - Digestion - Absorption
- Bioavailability
The degree to which an ingested nutrient such as minerals is absorbed and available to the body is called its _____. - Bioabsorption - Bioavailability - Biocompatibility - Biodiversity
- Bioavailability
Foods that contain milk but are not good sources of calcium include ______. - Butter - Cottage cheese - Sour cream and cream cheese - Yogurt and cheese
- Butter - Cottage cheese - Sour cream and cream cheese
The National Collegiate Athletic Association bans the use of _________ and limits the amount of the substance that athletes can have in their bodies during competition. - Caffeine - Creatine - Calcium pyruvate - High-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)
- Caffeine
Which ergogenic aid raises the level of fatty aids in the blood, resulting in the exercising muscle using more fat for energy? - Creatine - Caffeine - Anabolic steroids - Human growth hormone
- Caffeine
Which of the following substances is a diuretic? - Calcium - Phenylalanine - Caffeine - Iron
- Caffeine
Foster consumes about 350 g of protein daily, mostly in the form of meat and amino acid supplements. He does not use vitamin/mineral supplements, and he eats very few fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and grains. Based on this information, Foster's diet lacks _______. - Calcium - Potassium - Iron - Zine
- Calcium
Which of the following minerals is necessary for proper muscle contraction? - Selenium - Cesium - Calcium - Aluminum
- Calcium
Which of the following minerals participate in nerve transmission? - Calcium - Potassium - Phosphorus - Sodium
- Calcium - Potassium - Sodium
What is the major source of fuel for intense, brief exercise? - Protein - Lipid (fat) - Carbohydrate
- Carbohydrate
What is the predominate fuel supplying energy during maximal exercise? - Carbohydrate - Fat (lipid) - Protein
- Carbohydrate
Which of the following statements is true? - Consuming excess sports drinks or water during exercise can contribute to water intoxication - Alcohol enables the body to retain water and prevent dehydration - Registered dietitian nutritionists generally recommend iron supplements to prevent dehydration - Compared to nonathletes, endurance athletes can tolerate water intoxication without suffering ill effects.
- Consuming excess sports drinks or water during exercise can contribute to water intoxication
One role of which mineral is to associate with several enzymes that act as antioxidants? - Chromium - Copper - SodiumIron
- Copper
One role of which mineral is to associate with several enzymes that act as antioxidants? - Sodium - Chromium - Copper - Iron
- Copper
Marta is a pregnant woman suffering from severe iodine deficiency. As a result of the deficiency, she has a high risk of giving birth to a child with ______. - Phenylketonuria - Cretinism - Type 2 diabetes - Ariboflavinosis
- Cretinism
Irregular menstrual cycles in female athletes adversely affect bone density due to ______. - Altered vitamin D status - Increased testosterone - Decreased estrogen
- Decreased estrogen
Which of the following statements is true? - Dehydration can result in declines in an athlete's strength and endurance - A person suffering from heat cramps typically has a body temperature of 105 degrees F or higher - Heat cramps are a unique type of muscle spasms that occur along the digestive tract during exercise - Heat cramps are a life-threatening illness that requires emergency treatment
- Dehydration can result in declines in an athlete's strength and endurance
What are some adverse health effects associated with heat exhaustion? - Dizziness - Excessive sweating - High blood pressure - Low blood sugar - Heat cramps
- Dizziness - Excessive sweating - Heat cramps
Caffeine ________. - Is a depressant drug that reduces urine production - Increases muscle glycogen deposits - Enhances skeletal muscle contraction - Lowers fatty acid levels in blood
- Enhances skeletal muscle contraction
Manganese is a component and activator of many _____. - Free radicals - Hormones - Glands - Enzymes
- Enzymes
Manganese is a component and activator of many _____. - Glands - Hormones - Enzymes - Free radicals
- Enzymes
Foods, devices, dietary supplements, and even drugs taken to improve physical performance are called ______. - Ergogenic aids - Ergolytic aids
- Ergogenic aids
High humidity keeps the body from cooling itself by preventing ______. - Radiation of heat by the body - Evaporation of sweat - Sweat production
- Evaporation of sweat
Match the term with its correct definition.
- Exercise ------------ physical activities that are planned and structured - Physical activity ----------- movement that results from skeletal muscle contraction - Physical fitness --------- the ability to perform moderate to vigorous-intensity activities without becoming excessively fatigued
Which fuel provides the most energy (kilocalories) per gram? - Carbohydrate - Fat - Protein
- Fat
Which of the following nutrients can be metabolized for ATP production? - Vitamin D - Iron - Fat - Pantothenic acid
- Fat
An overall exercise program should include _____. - Flexibility - Cardiovascular endurance - Sports training - Muscular strength
- Flexibility - Cardiovascular endurance - Muscular strength
Most of the calcium in American diets come from ______. - Fluid milk - Yogurt - Cheese - Grains and cereals
- Fluid milk - Yogurt - Cheese
Muscles store _______, the immediate source of glucose for contracting muscles. - Alanine - Glycogen - Fatty acids - ATP
- Glycogen
An effective and comprehensive aerobic workout program ________. - Should be performed for at least 90 minutes daily to be effective - Relies on resistance training - Gradually increases in duration and intensity of activities - Should be performed once a week to avoid boredom
- Gradually increases in duration and intensity of activities
When working muscles metabolize glucose anaerobically, a build-up of _______ can lead to muscle fatigue and declining physical performance. - Ammonia - Urea - OH- - H+
- H+
Which of the following foods would be a nutritious low-fat, high-carbohydrate pre-event snack for an athlete? - Peanut butter on celery - Handful of dried apricots - Slice of sausage pizza - Large serving of French fries
- Handful of dried apricots
What condition can become a complication of heat exhaustion? - Heat cramps - Low blood sugar - High blood pressure
- Heat cramps
What condition can become a complication of heat exhaustion? - High blood pressure - Heat cramps - Low blood sugar
- Heat cramps
A heat-related illness that occurs after intense exercise in hot weather, especially when water and salt intakes have been inadequate is called _______. - Heat attack - Heat cramps - Heat stroke - Heat exhaustion
- Heat cramps - Heat stroke - Heat exhaustion
Match the heat injury with its appropriate sign and symptom.
- Heat cramps ------- painful muscle spasms - Heat exhaustion ------- nausea and vomiting - Heat stroke ------ dry, hot, red skin
Pair the adverse health condition with its symptoms.
- Heat exhaustion ----------- profuse sweating; elevated body temperature; headache; dizziness; weakness - Heat cramps ---------- painful contractions of skeletal muscles - Heat stroke -------- elevated body temperature; hot, dry skin; poor circulation
________ occurs when internal body temperature reaches 104 degrees or more. - Heatstroke - Heat cramps - Heat exhaustion
- Heatstroke
What are the three adverse health conditions associated with exercising in high heat and humidity? - Heatstroke - Heat cramps - Heat-related sports anemia - Heat exhaustion
- Heatstroke - Heat cramps - Heat exhaustion
Which statement is true with regard to heat, humidity, and the body's ability to cool off? - The body is able to cool off more efficiently in very humid conditions as opposed to very hot conditions - In hot temperatures, body heat is lost through the evaporation of sweat, in very humid temperatures, evaporation slows and the body cant cool down - Body heat is lost through evaporation of sweat in both hot and humid temperatures
- In hot temperatures, body heat is lost through the evaporation of sweat, in very humid temperatures, evaporation slows and the body cant cool down
Which are good ways to make exercise more enjoyable? - Remember, the more it hurts the more benefit you will be achieving - Include variety - Exercise with a buddy
- Include variety - Exercise with a buddy
Which of these will you try to incorporate into an exercise program for a beginner? - Incorporate short intervals of physical activity daily - Do more housework, gardening, and taking the stairs instead of the elevator - Work toward accumulating 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity each week - Avoid the type of activities that cause you to "huff and puff"
- Incorporate short intervals of physical activity daily - Do more housework, gardening, and taking the stairs instead of the elevator - Work toward accumulating 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity each week
Roles for sulfur in the body include being _____. - Incorporated into antioxidant molecules - Essential for the maintenance of strong bones - Required for nerve transmission - Required for enzyme activity
- Incorporated into antioxidant molecules - Required for enzyme activity
Which of the following are possible outcomes associated with dehydration? - Increased fatigue - Increased thirst - Rapid weight loss - Increased heat tolerance
- Increased fatigue - Increased thirst - Rapid weight loss
Which of the following are benefits of caffeine use? - Increased mental alertness - Increased level of fatty acids in the blood - Enhanced ability of the heart and skeletal muscles to contract - Increased strength and muscle mass
- Increased mental alertness - Increased level of fatty acids in the blood - Enhanced ability of the heart and skeletal muscles to contract
What are the benefits of the warm-up prior to the start of an exercise routine? - Increased range of motion - Gains in muscle mass - Decreased risk of injury
- Increased range of motion - Decreased risk of injury
Place in the correct order, the stages one would follow when beginning an exercise program.
- Initiation - Improvement - Maintenance
Which of the following is a trace mineral? - Chloride - Iodine - Sodium - Sulfur
- Iodine
Which of the following is a trace mineral? - Iodine - Sulfur - Chloride - Sodium
- Iodine
According to the Dietary Guidelines, which of the following minerals is a nutrient of public health concern for pregnant females? - Selenium - Silicon - Nickel - Iron
- Iron
Athletic performance suffers when one is deficient in ______. - Calcium - Antioxidant vitamins - Lead - Iron
- Iron
Athletic performance suffers when one is deficient in _______. - Iron - Antioxidant vitamins - Calcium - Lead
- Iron
In the body, copper is involved in _____. - Acid-base balance - Iron metabolism - Immune function - Collage production
- Iron metabolism - Immune function - Collage production
Myoglobin is the ______ protein that binds oxygen in muscle tissue. - Potassium-containing - Sodium-containing - Iron-containing - Calcium-containing
- Iron-containing
Symptoms of heatstroke include _______. - Irritability - High blood pressure - Confusion - Low blood sugar
- Irritability - Confusion
Fluoride _____ an essential nutrient - Is not - Is
- Is not
Intracellular fluid _____. - Includes the plasma of blood - Is within cells - Surrounds cells - Normally contains high amount of sodium
- Is within cells
Sasha's weekly exercise program includes stair stepping, stretching, cycling, and lifting weights. Which of these activities is generally classified as a strength (resistance) exercise? - Lifting weights - Stretching - Cycling - Stair stepping
- Lifting weights
What puts athletes at risk for loss of muscle mass and bone density, fatigue, menstrual problems in females, and increased risk for injury? - Strenuous strength training - Low energy intake - Training at moderate intensity - Exercising in the heat
- Low energy intake
Which of the following best describes aerobic activity? - Low to moderate intensity exercise - Interval exercise - Vigorous physical activity
- Low to moderate intensity exercise
Which of the following is considered a major mineral (needed in quantities of greater than 100mg)? - Magnesium - Iron - Copper - Manganese
- Magnesium
Roles for chloride in the body include _____. - Maintaining acid base balance - Maintaining fluid balance - Nerve transmission - Muscle contraction
- Maintaining acid base balance - Maintaining fluid balance - Nerve transmission
Once a person achieves his/her goals, they will move into the ______ stage of exercise. - Maintenance - Detraining - Improvement
- Maintenance
A scientist is creating a formula diet that supplies all essential nutrients. One of the minerals in her formula has a Recommended Dietary Allowance of 130 mg/day. How should she classify this particular mineral? - Trace mineral - Major mineral - Possible essential mineral - Nonessential mineral
- Major mineral
Which of the following is a poor source of iron? - Oysters - Beef liver - Milk - Pumpkin seeds
- Milk
A person suffering from heat exhaustion experiences ______. - Clear and copious urine - Moist skin - Dizziness - Muscle cramps
- Moist skin - Dizziness - Muscle cramps
A person suffering from heat exhaustion experiences _____. - Moist skin - Muscle cramps - Clear and copious urine - Dizziness
- Moist skin - Muscle cramps - Dizziness
Physical fitness may be defined as the ability to _______. - Engage in high-intensity workouts by reaching one's maximum heart rate within 5 minutes of beginning the exertion - Perform moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity for a reasonable amount of time without becoming excessively tired - Move joints beyond their normal range of motion - Maintain maximum heart rate for 10 minutes, without warming up
- Perform moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity for a reasonable amount of time without becoming excessively tired
The ability to perform moderate to vigorous-intensity activities without becoming excessively fatigued is _______. - Physical activity - Physical fitness - Exercise
- Physical fitness
What are some "benefits of regular exercise" associated with people suffering from cardiovascular disease? - Increases total LDL cholesterol - Positively affects cholesterol - Decreases total HDL cholesterol - Positively affects blood pressure - Enhances heart function
- Positively affects cholesterol - Positively affects blood pressure - Enhances heart function
According to the Dietary Guidelines, which of the following minerals is a nutrient of public health concern? - Copper - Magnesium - Potassium - Sodium
- Potassium
Maintenance of normal intracellular fluid volume depends largely on the intracellular concentration of _____ ions. - Oxygen - Potassium - Citrate - Hydride
- Potassium
Which of the following are important components of an exercise program for a beginner? - Progress to 30 minutes of consistent moderate intense activity - Set specific goals for both aerobic and resistance training - Focus on one type of exercise (e.g., aerobic or strength-training) before attempting others - Incorporate short periods of physical activity into the daily routine
- Progress to 30 minutes of consistent moderate intense activity - Set specific goals for both aerobic and resistance training - Incorporate short periods of physical activity into the daily routine
Which of the following are good plant sources of iron? - Pumpkin seeds - Canned pears - Baked beans - Whole-grain total cereal
- Pumpkin seeds - Baked beans - Whole-grain total cereal
Choose the plant sources that are good sources of iron. - Pumpkin seeds - Oranges and grapefruit - White enriched rice - Seedless raisins
- Pumpkin seeds - White enriched rice - Seedless raisins
Which of the following are signs and symptoms of heatstroke? - Rapid, shallow breathing - Normal fever - Heavy sweating - Lack of sweating - High fever
- Rapid, shallow breathing - Lack of sweating - High fever
Multiplying your weight in kilograms by 6 and then by 10 is used to calculate the _____. - Recommended range of fat intake - Recommended range of protein intake - Recommended range of carbohydrate intake
- Recommended range of carbohydrate intake
As cells do not store ATP, they must constantly replace their supply by _______. - Breaking down ATP - Synthesizing energy - Recycling ADP + Pi
- Recycling ADP + Pi
Iron is an important component of _____. - Intestinal lining - Nerve impulses - Red blood cells - Bone matrix
- Red blood cells
Much of the zinc in our diet is supplied by the consumption of ______. - White rice - Red meat - Poultry - Soda
- Red meat - Poultry
Although Tim's body is not zinc deficient, he takes large doses of zinc because his best friend told him it will enhance his athletic performance. He is likely to experience _______ as a result of this practice. - Reduced HDL levels - Enlarged skeletal muscles - Enhanced reproductive system functioning - Increased hemoglobin production
- Reduced HDL levels
Which of the following is not a good source of magnesium? - Whole grains - Beans - Refined grains - Spinach
- Refined grains
Which of the following are important components of an exercise program for a beginner? - Focus on one type of exercise (e.g., aerobic or strength-training) before attempting others - Set specific goals for both aerobic and resistance training - Incorporate short periods of physical activity into the daily routine - Progress to 30 minutes of consistent moderate intense activity
- Set specific goals for both aerobic and resistance training - Incorporate short periods of physical activity into the daily routine - Progress to 30 minutes of consistent moderate intense activity
The safety standards for bottled water are ____ to those for tap water. - Less stringent - More stringent - Similar
- Similar
What is the term used to describe the movement of substances from where they are highly concentrated to where they are less concentrated? - Osmosis - Facilitated diffusion - Simple diffusion
- Simple diffusion
Lola doesn't like to cook, so she eats fast food at least three times a week. When she doesn't eat fast food, she opens a can of soup and makes a ham and cheese sandwich. For snacks, she prefers processed cheese cubes, potato chips, and pretzels. Based on this information, her diet is very high in _______. - Sodium - Potassium - Beta-carotene - Vitamin D
- Sodium
amounts of ______. - Sodium - Selenium - Magnesium - Potassium
- Sodium
What is a convenient way to add a source of glucose during lengthy and vigorous physical activity? - High-fiber food - Sports drinks - High-fructose foods
- Sports drinks
Beginning exercise programs should include ______. - High intensity speed work - Strength exercises - Flexibility exercises - Aerobic exercises
- Strength exercises - Flexibility exercises - Aerobic exercises
The roles for fluoride in the body involve the ______. - Strengthening of bones - Maintenance of thyroid function - Maturation of sexual organs - Strengthening of teeth
- Strengthening of bones - Strengthening of teeth
What is the main purpose of adding carbohydrate to sports drinks? - Provides flavor to water - Supplies glucose to muscles as glycogen stores begin to deplete - Aids in oxygen delivery to the working muscle to enhance athletic performance
- Supplies glucose to muscles as glycogen stores begin to deplete
Body cells must convert the chemical energy in carbohydrates, proteins, or fats into ______________________ in order to fuel body functions.
Adenosine triphosphate
A substance that increases urine output is called a _________.
Diuretic
When a substance moves from where it is highly concentrated to where it is less concentrated the process is called ______________.
Simple diffusion
Heat _________ is considered a medical emergency and requires immediate medical assistance.
Stroke
The mineral that is a component of the amino acids, cysteine and methionine is _______.
Sulfur
