Nutrition Final ( 2021)
A tablespoon of vegetable oil supplies about 100,000 calories, which is the same as _____ kilocalories.
100
This morning, Margie's fasting blood glucose level indicated that she has hyperglycemia and pre-diabetes. Based on this information, her fasting blood glucose level was _____ mg/dl.
120
The USDA recommends that fresh turkey be cooked until its internal temperature is at least ________.
165
Katrina is 20 years of age. She usually consumes about 1800 kcal per day. According to AMDR guidelines, what is her range of protein intake?
180 to 630 kcal/day
Sarah consumes approximately 2000 kcal/day. According to recommendations of the 2015-2020 edition of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, she should limit her saturated fat intake to fewer than ____ kcal/day.
200
Jorge weighs 198 pounds. What is his weight in kilograms?
90 kg
Which of the following statements is true?
A fatty acid has a chain of carbons bonded to each other and to hydrogen atoms.
Which of the following statements is true?
A scientist's professional affiliations and sources of financial support may influence his or her research findings.
Which of the following physiological changes is a result of anabolic chemical reactions?
Addition of calcium and phosphorus to the thigh bone of a growing child
Which of the following statements about calcium is false?
After bones are formed early in life, the body has no need for calcium.
Which of the following statements about bottled water in the United States is true?
Bottled water must be in sealed containers and have no added ingredients, except an agent that prevents the growth of microbes.
Which of the following homemade foods should never be tasted before boiling it for at least 10 minutes?
Canned corn
Trevor enjoys cooking chicken, but he wants to reduce the chances that his food preparation practices do not result in cross-contamination. What should he avoid doing?
Cleaning the plate used to carry the chicken to the grill with a paper towel before using it for serving raw vegetables.
Which of the following safety steps should you take if your home experiences a loss of electricity that lasts for several days?
Cook foods and boil water on a charcoal grill that is outdoors
Which of the following practices would help a total vegetarian increase his or her iron intake from plant foods?
Cooking vegetables in a cast-iron skillet with tomatoes or lemon juice
Which federal agency regulates the proper use of pesticides?
EPA
Bill has type 1 diabetes. What step can he take to reduce the likelihood that he develops hypoglycemia?
Eat meals and snacks that contain carbohydrate on a regular basis
_____ is a direct (intentional) food additive.
FD&C Red No. 40
The ____ is responsible for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of medications.
FDA
On her last camping trip, Jenny swallowed some water when she swam in a lake. Two days later, she suddenly experienced severe abdominal pain and watery diarrhea. Based on this information, Jenny probably is infected with ________.
Giardia
Which of the following statements is true?
In the United States, poor eating habits contribute to some of the ten leading causes of death.
Which of the following food preservation methods treats the food with a high amount of energy that destroys the genetic material of pathogens?
Irradiating
Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol?
LDL
A scientist is creating a formula diet that supplies all essential nutrients. One of the minerals in her formula has a Recommended Dietary Allowance of 130 mg/day. How should she classify this particular mineral?
Major mineral
Which of the following substances is usually one of the limiting amino acid in foods, particularly those of plant origin?
Methionine
Which of the following statements is true?
Most vitamins cannot be synthesized by the human body.
_____ are water-soluble vitamins.
Niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin
Which of the following statements is true?
Pregnant women, very young children, and people who have weakened immune systems have high risk of food-borne illness.
Which of the following substances have hormonelike functions in the body?
Prostaglandins
Which of the following menu items does not contain complementary protein?
Salad made with apples, pears, and grapes
Which of the following statements is false?
The Internet is generally a reliable source of nutrition information, because information posted at websites has been peer-reviewed.
Which of the following statements is true?
The RDN credential is legally protected.
Which of the following statements is true?
The body is comprised of organ systems.
Which of the following statements is true?
The human body normally uses very little protein for energy.
Which of the following statements is true about vitamins?
They are usually in foods that Americans commonly eat.
_____ are fat-soluble vitamins.
Vitamins K, E, and D
Which of the following physical characteristics or health conditions is a sign of metabolic syndrome?
Waist circumference of 43 inches
Which of the following physiological changes is a result of catabolic chemical reactions?
Weight loss as a result of starvation
Which of the following substances is a provitamin or a precursor for a vitamin?
beta-carotene
The common name for glucose is _____ sugar.
blood
Which of the following practices is the most reliable way of sanitizing impure water?
boiling water
Which of the following substances is a phytochemical?
caffeine
. _____ is a mineral nutrient.
calcium
Consuming too much protein or excess amino acids can contribute to ________.
dehydration
Which of the following conditions or diseases is a leading diet-related cause of death in the United States?
diabetes
Phosphorus, potassium, and sodium are ________.
elements
An _____ is a compound that speeds up (catalyzes) a chemical reaction.
enzyme
A dietary supplement is a natural product that can be taken by mouth, injected into the bloodstream, or rubbed on skin.
false
A mitochondrion is a type of cell found in the human body.
false
According to results of scientific studies, people who take dietary supplements of vitamin A or beta-carotene have a lower risk of developing cancer.
false
Which of the following foods or beverages is not a major source of added sugars in American diets?
fresh fruit
Which of the following substances is a simple sugar?
fructose
The following substances were detected in a jar of baby food. Which of the substances is a not a direct food additive?
glass fragment
_____ is the primary fuel for active muscles.
glucose
Which of the following conditions or diseases is a leading diet-related cause of death in the United States?
heart disease
In the body, certain lipids ________.
help maintain cell membranes
Which of the following statements is true?
help maintain cell membranes
Which of the following pesticides kills weeds?
herbicide
Bethany consumes a very-low-carbohydrate diet that supplies less than 100 g of carbohydrate daily, but she eats high amounts of meat and fat. As a result of her diet, Bethany's cells form more _____ than normal.
ketone bodies
Megadoses of ____ may be used to reduce elevated LDL cholesterol levels.
niacin
Every amino acid has _____ in its chemical structure.
nitrogen
Stanley would like to compare the total fat contents of packaged hotdogs. He should read the ___ on the products' labels.
nutrition facts panel
Harold grows apple trees on his small farm. He practices organic farming methods, so he does not use pesticides. This fall, he would like to make minimally-processed organic apple juice that does not contain preservatives. He wants to sell the beverage at the local farmer's market. Based on this information, Harold should _____ before bottling the juice to make it safe for consumers.
pasteurize the juice
Tyler smokes cigarettes, drinks excess alcohol, and takes aspirins regularly to treat his headaches. Based on this information, Tyler has a high risk of developing ________.
peptic ulcers
The following substances were detected in a can of food. Which of the substances is an unintentional food additive?
pesticide residues
A 10-month old baby whose diet is low in fat has ____, which is a sign of an essential fatty acid deficiency.
poor growth
According to the 2015-2020 version of the Dietary Guidelines, which of the following minerals is a nutrient of public health concern?
potassium
A serving of food supplies 20 g carbohydrate, 10 g fat, 25 g protein, and 100 g water. Which of the following statements is true about a serving of the food?
protein
Which of the following nutrients is a source of energy for human cells?
protein
According to the main nutrition-related goal of Healthy People 2020, Americans should ________.
reduce the risk of chronic diseases by consuming a healthy diet
In the human body, water is involved in ________.
regulating body temperature
The primary function of an adipose cell is ________.
storing fat
Actress Lotta Talent appears in commercials endorsing a dietary supplement containing a substance from dandelions for weight loss. Her endorsement is an example of a(n) ________.
testimonial
During a natural disaster, it is safe to drink the water from ________.
the water tank of a n umplugges toilet
A person who promotes the use of ginseng, garlic, and fish oil as the cure for cancer is practicing quackery.
true
A registered dietitian nutritionist has been trained to apply food and nutrition information to help treat many health conditions.
true
Bisphenol-A (BPA) is in the epoxy resin that is used to coat the inside of cans. BFA may leach out of the resin and enter the food stored in the cans.
true
The body can store large amounts of _________.
vitamin b-12
The _____ prohibits food manufacturers from adding a new compound to food that causes cancer.
Delaney Clause of the Food Additives Amendment
_____ acid is an essential fatty acid.
Linoleic
How can you tell if a food has been irradiated to preserve it?
Look for the Radura symbol on the package
After examining a patient, a health care practitioner tells the patient that her mild back pain is caused by poor flow of energy from her mind to her back. The practitioner treats the patient with acupuncture, ginseng, and massage therapy. Based on this information, the practitioner's treatments indicate that he relies on ________.
alternative health care
According to the Food Additives Amendment of 1958, ________.
an additive that was in use and deemed safe prior to 1958 was placed on the GRAS list
A substance that can protect a person's cells from being damaged or destroyed by certain harmful factors is a (an) ________.
antioxidant
Which of the following websites is most likely a source of biased and unreliable nutrition information?
dietsnomore4u.com
The Nutrition Facts panel on a food label ________.
does not include information about the product's protein quality
DNA contains coded information that enables human cells to make micronutrients, including as iron and vitamin C.
false
Lysine is not an essential amino acid.
false
Salmonella infection is the most common cause of food-borne illness in the United States.
false
The original Nutrition Facts panel on a food package includes information about the amount of added sugars in a serving of the food.
false
An amino acid does not contain a(an) ________.
fatty
Angela is a 20-year-old college student. In addition to having a history of losing several primary teeth to dental decay, she seems to break bones easily. Based on this information, Angela may need to increase her intake of ________.
flouride
Human cells contain organelles, including ribosomes and mitochondria.
true
Sodium and potassium ions are electrolyte
true
The liver stores carbohydrate in the form of glycogen.
true
Vermin, such as cockroaches and flies, can transmit pathogens to food because they often come in contact with garbage and/or sewage.
true
Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of omega-3 fatty acids?
tuna fish
Which of the following foods is naturally a good source of high-quality protein?
tuna fish
Scientists are uncertain whether ____ is an essential mineral for humans.
vanadium
