Nutrition Final
Vitamin D may reduce the risks of heart disease, cancer, diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, asthma, and depression.
true
The GREEN section of MyPlate resents which food group?
vegetables
This fat-soluble vitamin can be synthesized (made) in the GI tract
vitamin K
Max wants to increase his intake of vitamin C without taking a dietary supplement. When he shops for food, he reads Nutrition Facts labels. Which of the following kinds of information will help him choose foods that are the richest sources of vitamin C?
%DV's
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend limiting our intake of _________ and replacing them with ________.
(Trans Fat and Saturated Fat), (Monounsaturated, Polyunsaturated, & Omega-3 Fats)
Your friend, Jessica, is trying to loose weight at a healthy rate (1/2 - 2 lbs per week or 10% of initial weight in a 6 month period). Her starting weight was 220 pounds and, 3 months later, she is right on track. In theory, what would you expect his weight to be at that point (3 months in)?
209 pounds
If you consumed a total of 1800 kcals (Calories) per day and 60% came from carbohydrates, how many GRAMS of carbohydrate are you consuming?
270 grams
A pound of body fat provides about ________ kcal.
3500
Per serving, which of the following foods is the most energy-dense?
4-ounce chocolate doughnut
If you consumed a total of 2200 kcals (Calories) per day and 25% came from fat, how many GRAMS of fat are you consuming?
61 grams
If you consumed a total of 2600 kcals (Calories) per day and 15% came from protein, how many GRAMS of protein are you consuming?
97.5 grams
Luisa is overweight and has a condition called prediabetes. She would like to locate a nutrition professional to help her lose weight. Which professional title should she seek to ensure that she will obtain reliable advice from a college-trained health care professional who has extensive knowledge of foods, nutrition, and dietetics?
A registered dietitian nutritionist who counsels patients in a hospital clinic
Vitamin A (beta-carotene), Vitamin C, Vitamin E
Antioxidants AND aid with wound healing
Thiamin
Beri-Beri (deficiency)
____________ is a chemical pathway involved in the catabolism of an activated fatty acid and occurs in the mitochondria.
Beta-oxidation
You have decided to choose foods that are nutrient dense. One day, you go to the store for some orange juice. Which of the following is most nutrient dense?
Brand A
In a person with type 2 diabetes, the blood sugar level remains high after a meal because ________.
CELLS DO NOT RESPOND TO INSULIN
Niacon, Biotin, Vitamin K, Vitamin D
Can by synthesized (made) in the body
This hormone ( ______________ ) is stimulated by the presence of fat in the small intestine and triggers this organ ( ____________ ) to secrete ________________ into the duodenum. This helps slow stomach motility and allows fat to be digested.
Cholecystokinin (CCK), Gallbladder, Bile
This segment of the small intestine is connected to the stomach and is where bile, bicarbonate, and other digestive juice enter the small intestine.
Duodenum
The purpose of the National Children's Study (the largest OBSERVATIONAL study ever done with children) is to identify trends and correlations among factors that influence infant and child health (data about diet, environment, activity, medical history, etc). This type of study would an example of a /an
Epidemiological Study
This hormone ( ______________ ) is stimulated by the presence of food and triggers this organ (____________ ) to secrete ________________ until food forms a semi-solid liquid.
Gastrin, Stomach, Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
Although the Body Mass Index (BMI) is at times useful for determining appropriateness of weight, it is not a perfect measurement as it fails to account for many other factors that affect health and weight. The BMI fails to take into account all of the following EXCEPT ________.
Height
This sphincter is situated between the small intestine and colon.
Ileocecal valve
Which of the following statements about diabetes is MOST CORRECT?
In Type 1 diabetes, the pancreas does not produce enough insulin
Which of the following is the best dietary recommendation for improving GI transit time and preventing or treating constipation?
Increase Fiber and Fluid
Which of the following topics is one of the five overarching guidelines of the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans?
Limit calories from added sugars and saturated fats and reduce sodium intake.
This sphincter is situated between the esophagus and stomach.
Lower Esophageal Sphincter
A child with protein-energy malnutrition has a high risk of dying from ________.
Measles
Which of the following statements is true?
Most enzymes have names that end with -ase.
What online website identifies successful weight-loss methods by tracking individuals who have lost > 30 lbs of weight and kept it off for at least a year?
National Weight Control Registry
Which of the following statements is true?
People can have energy needs that are higher or lower than the Estimated Energy Requirement.
This hormone ( ______________ ) is stimulated by the presence of acidic chyme in the small intestine and triggers this organ ( ____________ ) to secrete ________________ until chyme is neutralized.
Secretin, Pancreas, Bicarbonate
Although human enzymes cannot digest dietary fiber, bacteria that reside in the large intestine can metabolize dietary fiber to produce substances that nourish the cells of the colon.
True
The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for Protein is 10 - 35% of kcals.
True
To become a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN), a person has to earn at least a bachelor's degree in an approved or accredited plan of study and then complete a supervised practice program.
True
Which of the following Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) recommendations were developed to guard against overconsumption?
UL (Tolerable Upper Intake Levels)
Instrinsic factor is needed to absorb
Vitamin B-12
Which of the following substances is a nutrient that does NOT supply any energy for the human body?
Vitamin D
In their efforts to avoid regaining the weight they have lost, members of the National Weight Control Registry tend to ________.
WEIGH THEMSELVES ONLY ONCE A MONTH
Which of the following observations is an example of an inverse correlation?
When members of a population increase their consumption of milk and milk products, their risk for bone fractures decreases.
A nutrient is considered essential if ________.
all of the choices are correct.
vitamin C
broccoli, potatoes, kiwi, strawberries, peppers
Scientists study 200 adults who have type 2 diabetes, and 200 adults who have similar characteristics but do not have the disease. For 18 months, the researchers collect lifestyle information on all the study participants. According to the study's findings, the adults with type 2 diabetes were 25% less physically active than their counterparts who did not have type 2 diabetes. This is an example of a(n) ________ study.
case control
In order for proteins to be used for energy, amino acids must be _____________ .
deaminated
Consuela is an overweight young woman who wants to lose 10 pounds. The most reliable and safe way for her to lose this weight is to ________.
decrease her usual daily energy intake
In order, the segments of the small intestine are
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
In their efforts to avoid regaining the weight they have lost, members of the National Weight Control Registry tend to ________.
eat breakfast daily
sodium, chloride, potassium
electrolytes, required for fluid balance
Parathyroid hormone ________.
enhances the body's ability to retain calcium.
The ________ is a flap-like piece of tissue responsible for keeping a swallowed piece of food from entering the trachea.
epiglottis
When ground beef is no longer pink, you can assume it is safe to eat.
false
Which of the following nutrient sources yields more than 4 kcals per gram?
fat found in plant sources
Which of the following foods is the most nutrient-dense per serving?
fat free milk, Leafy greens
The synthesis of fatty acids is known as _____________.
lipogenesis
Following absorption, galactose and fructose are converted to glucose in the
liver
Vitamin B12
maintains myelin sheath around nerve cells
You are out of breakfast cereal and you're trying to decide between Cheerios, Grapenuts, Mini Wheats, and Fruit Loops. From your NutritionCalc Reports, you discovered that your diet is usually low in fiber. What would be the best cereal for your needs given the information below?
mini wheats
Goblet cells produce
mucus
Which of the following is NOT an appropriate way to defrost raw meat?
on the counter
According to the MyPlate guidelines, fruits and vegetables should account for about ________ of the food on a person's plate.
one-half
Which of the following is not a typical feature of fad diets?
physical activity
omega-3 fatty acids
polyunsaturated fats
An online magazine article about weight-loss diets includes false information about the process of digestion that uses scientific-sounding terms to make it seem factual. The faulty information is an example of...
pseudoscience
This sphincter is situated between the stomach and small intestine.
pyloric sphincter
A group of nutrition researchers interviews 100 adults who have chronic high blood pressure to determine whether there is an association between consuming diets low in calcium during adolescence and developing high blood pressure in adulthood. This study is an example of a ________ study.
retrospective
vitamin D
rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis
Absorption occurs primarily in the ______________.
small intestine
A(n) ______ is circular muscle that opens and closes to regulate the movement of food particles during digestion.
sphincter
Salivary glands secrete amylase, an enzyme that enables a minor amount of ________ to be digested in the mouth.
starch
Vitamin B6
stored in muscle, supports immune function
The bleeding gums, easy bruising, and poor wound healing that characterize scurvy are all related to vitamin C's role in
synthesis of collagen
thiamin, riboflavis, niacin, folate, iron
the standard nutrients added to enriched foods
A person who has a BMI of 17.0 has a greater risk of infections than a person who has a BMI of 21.0.
true
Adding calcium to orange juice is called fortification.
true
Carbohydrates are created via photosynthesis in plants.
true
Cross contamination occurs when cooked foods come in contact with surfaces touched by raw meat.
true
In general, phosphorus from animal foods is more bioavailable than phosphorus from plant foods.
true
One gram of protein provides 4 kilocalories (kcals) of energy.
true
Which of the following populations is at the greatest risk for a vitamin B-12 deficiency?
vegans
A medical doctor is always a reputable source for nutrition information.
false
A nutrient-dense diet provides lots of energy (kcals) in a small volume of food.
false
Appetite is the uncomfortable physiological sensation that drives a person to consume food.
false
Males generally have a HIGHER percentage of lean body mass than females and because of this, their BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate) is LOWER
false
Secretin (a hormone) is stimulated by the presence of acidic chyme in the small intestine and triggers the liver to secrete cholecystokinin (CCK) until chyme is neutralized
false
Rebecca has hypertension. To help lower her blood pressure, she should ________.
follow the DASH diet
A group of scientists suspects that certain dietary practices are partially responsible for different rates of hypertension among adults of different ethnic/racial groups. To test their hypothesis, the researchers examine data concerning the different population groups' hypertension rates and their past dietary practices. This research is a ________ study.
retrospective
Ingredients are listed on a food label in order by weight (most to least).
true
Obesity increases the risk of sleep apnea.
true
The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for Protein is 10 - 35% of kcals.
true
The pancreas secretes bicarbonate (to neutralize chyme) and enzymes. Insulin and glucagon (hormones which affect blood glucose & hunger) are also secreted by the pancreas.
true
This sphincter is situated at the top of the esophagus
Upper Esophageal Sphincter
Which of the following hormones stimulates hunger sensations?
Ghrelin
Babies are given an oral dose or injection of this fat-soluble vitamin shortly after birth.
Vitamin K
It is possible to be overweight and malnourished.
true
Which of the following statements is false?
Goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland and is a result of cancer.
What happens to carbohydrates and proteins when their intakes exceed the body's energy needs?
HEY ARE CONVERTED TO TRIGLYCERIDES AND STORES IN ADIPOSE CELLS.
Lipase is an example of an enzyme that breaks down proteins during digestion.
false
Which of the following kinds of studies would be the best to use when designing a scientific investigation to determine whether there is an association between consuming diets low in calcium during adolescence and developing osteoporosis (bone disease) in older adulthood?
Observational study
Which of the following statements is true?
Older adults generally have fewer taste buds than children.
Dennis wants to gain weight, primarily as lean tissue. In addition to performing resistance exercise regularly, he should ________.
add nutrient-dense, healthy sources of energy to his diet, including fatty fish, whole-grain cereals, nuts, peanut butter, and olive oil
The pyloric sphincter is located at the top of the esophagus. And, like all sphincters, it is a circular muscle that opens and closes to regulate the movement of food particles.
false
The term "appetite" describes a biological need for food
false
Iron is the only mineral added to processed grain products during enrichment.
true
Lipids (dietary fats) are considered a nutrient.
true
Our body is capable of withstanding short-term fasting, maintains normal activities, and providing the necessary energy needed, thanks to the glycogen stored in the liver and muscles.
true
If you consumed a total of 1800 kcals (Calories) per day and 60% came from carbohydrates, how many KCALS of carbohydrate are you consuming?
1080 kcals
Using the HAMMI equation (Rule of 5's and 6's), estimate the appropriate weight range for an adult male who is 5'10".
149 lbs - 183 lbs (median weight = 166 lbs)
In nutrition research, a placebo is
A control that mimics the intervention without causing an effect (i.e. a sugar pill)
A kilocalorie is a unit of energy used to describe the amount of energy in a food or beverage. Which definition best describes how much energy is in one kilocalorie?
A kilocalorie is the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 liter of water by 1° Celsius.
A deficiency of this water-soluble vitamin is characterized by "the 4 D's" (dermatitis, dimentia, diarrhea, and death) are characteristics of a deficiency of this water-soluble vitamin.
Niacin