nutrition final

Whole grains have more _____________ and __________________ than refined (white) grains.

- fiber - micronutrients

Uncontrolled Diabetes is a major cause of which of the following?

- heart dz - kidney failure - blindness

four leading micronutrient deficiencies in the world:

- iodine - iron - vitamin a - ZINC

In addition to aerobic activities, adults should perform which of the following types of exercises at least twice a week?

- strength training - flexibility - neuromotor

Worldwide, the leading micronutrient deficiencies include ______________.

- vitamin A - iodine - copper - iron

Which of the following factors can contribute to dehydration among older adults? Check all that apply.

-Use of diuretic medications -

Which of the following conditions is associated with being underweight?

-osteoporosis -weakened immune system -cachexia

During the first trimester, daily energy needs increase by about ___ kcal.

0

A woman who was at a healthy weight before becoming pregnant should gain approximately ________ pound(s) per week during the third trimester of her pregnancy.

1

The USDA recommended safe minimum internal temperatures are ____°F for seafood

145

The USDA recommended safe minimum internal temperatures are ____°F for eggs

160

The USDA recommended safe minimum internal temperatures are ____°F for leftovers and casseroles

165

During the second trimester, daily energy needs increase by about ____ kcal.

340

how many cals per gram in protein & carbs

4

During the third trimester, daily energy needs increase by about ____ kcal.

450

how many cals per gram in alcohol

7

how many cals per gram in fat

9

Which waist measurements are associated with increased risks of chronic diseases, such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes?

>40 inches for men, >35 inches for women

Gabe's grandfather has a history of heart disease and is on anticoagulant drug therapy. His prescription drugs include Coumadin (warfarin). What dietary precaution should his grandfather be taking?

Avoid any large increases in dark green, leafy vegetable intake because vitamin K can reduce effectiveness of anticoagulants and promote blood clots.

High-protein diets may contribute to osteoporosis due to higher-than-normal urinary losses of which mineral?

Calcium

If a person's diet consistently supplies less than the _____ for a nutrient, the individual may be at risk of developing the nutrient's deficiency disorder.

EAR

(T or F) It is recommended to get at least 10% of your calories from added sugar.

False

(T or F) Studies have shown that organic products tend to have more nutrients than conventionally grown products and are therefore more nutritious.

False

Facilitates the absorption of Vitamin B-12

Intrinisic Factor

Digests protein after conversion to pepsin.

Pepsinogen (enzyme)

Moves food to stomach by peristaltic waves.

The esophagus

Absorbs water and salt and eliminates waste.

The large intestine

Synthesizes and secretes bile.

The liver

Moistens food and starts carbohydrate (starch) digestion.

The mouth

What happens to carbohydrates and proteins when their intakes exceed the body's energy needs?

They are converted to triglycerides and stored in adipose cells.

(T or F) Breastfeeding is more economical than formula feeding.

True

(T or F) Human milk naturally contains antibodies and immune cells that are not in infant formulas.

True

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that does NOT supply any energy for the human body?

Vitamin D

What is the main nutrient absorbed from the large intestine?

Water

A women walks into the ER and presents with abnormal eye movement, staggering gait, and distorted thought process. She is a known alcoholic and is found to have low thiamin levels. What condition does this women most likely have?

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

food desert

a region in which a large proportion of the population experiences difficulty obtaining nutritious food

Dennis wants to gain weight, primarily as lean tissue. In addition to performing resistance exercise regularly, he should:

add nutrient-dense, healthy sources of energy to his diet, including fatty fish, whole-grain cereals, nuts, peanut butter, and olive oil

People that choose to regularly include certain types of food, as well as exercise regularly, may reduce their chances of developing serious disease. Which of these types of foods should not be chosen to reduce disease risk?

added sugar

Mary is a female that doesn't drink a lot during the week, but often goes out on weekends with friends. When she goes out she will often drink 5 servings of alcohol in the 1-2 hours that they are out. What kind of drinking does Mary participate in?

binge

Vitamin A plays a critical role in all of the following functions EXCEPT:

blood clotting. roles in immune response, digestive tract, and vision

A food that contributes significantly to total energy intake (i.e., high in solid fats, added sugars, and/or alcohol) while supplying relatively few micronutrients is considered a source of______ ___________

empty calories.

The caloric value of a food in relation to its total weight defines how ______-______ a food is.

energy-dense

(T or F) Dietary supplements must be tested for safety before being sold.

false

stores and releases bile

gallbladder

The type of diabetes that may occur during pregnancy is called __________ diabetes. Women who have this condition are at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes after giving birth.

gestational

Yolanda has been experiencing frequent heartburn. All of the following are recommendations for preventing heartburn from occurring or recurring EXCEPT ________.

increase consumption of milk and cream to coat the stomach lining

Alcohol abuse can lead directly to all of the following, EXCEPT:

lung CA

Which of the following factors contributes to an increase in a person's BMR?

stress

Stores, mixes, and dissolves food into chyme. Also digests protein and kills microbes due to hydrochloric acid (HCl) secretions.

the stomach

Physiological changes are an inevitable part of the aging process. As the body ages, all of the following decrease EXCEPT-

vitamin D needs

A person's diet is likely to be nutritionally adequate if the average daily intake for each nutrient meets the nutrient's ____ or AI value.

RDA

If your diet supplies more sugar and starch than you need, the excess can be

converted into fat and stored

You overslept this morning and woke up late for class. You did not want to be late for class, so you skipped breakfast. A few hours later, your blood glucose level drops. This prompts your pancreas to release _______ to stimulate breakdown of glycogen in the liver into glucose.

glucagon

When muscle cells have more glucose than they need for energy, they may store some of the excess as ______

glycogen

Sarah has a body fat percentage of 34%. This is considered

overweight

Secretes enzymes that breakdown carbohydrate, fat, and protein. Also secretes bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid.

pancreas

The major type of diabetes is characterized by insulin _________.

resistance

George is a 5′ 8′′, 29-year-old man who weighs almost 350 pounds. To lose weight, he's tried calorie-restricted diets, fad diets, exercise programs, and appetite-suppressing pills without success. George wants to a permanent solution to treat his obesity. George's physician is likely to recommend a(n) ______ as the best way to help George lose a lot of weight and avoid regaining much of it.

sleeve gastrectomy

The major site of chemical and mechanical digestion. Digests carbohydrate, fat, and protein. Also absorbs most nutrients.

small intestine

The majority of Americans with diabetes have ______, formerly called adult-onset diabetes.

type 2 diabetes

(T or F) LDL is often called the "good" cholesterol because it shuttles cholesterol from the tissues to the liver, where cholesterol can be processed or excreted.

FALSE -HDL transports cholesterol from the tissues to the liver. High levels of HDL are related to lower risk for cardiovascular disease. LDL transports cholesterol to the tissues. Some LDL is necessary to deliver cholesterol to the cells, but high levels of LDL promote the formation of arterial plaques and are related to higher risk for cardiovascular disease.

(T or F) The Internet is generally a reliable source of nutrition information, because information posted at websites has been peer-reviewed.

False

If a diet does not provide adequate carbohydrate to meet immediate energy needs, the body compensates by altering its metabolism of other nutrients. Insufficient dietary carbohydrate can lead to elevated levels of ketone bodies. Ketone bodies are the by-products of partial breakdown of:

Fat

foods that should not be fed to an infant, because they may cause choking:

Hot dogs cut into coin-shaped pieces Grapes Peanut Butter

Activates pepsinogen (protein digesting enzyme), destroys many food-borne microbes

Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

(T or F) Fat free milk which supplies 504 mg of calcium and 80 calories per cup is more nutrient dense than Vanilla Ice Cream that supplies 226 mg of calcium and 382 calories per cup.

TRUE

If a person's intake of a nutrient is consistently above its ___, this individual is at risk of developing that nutrient's toxicity disorder.

UL

After morning class, with your stomach growling, you go to the cafeteria and devour a large pasta entree for lunch. Following this meal, your blood sugar rises and the pancreas releases ______ in an attempt to shuttle blood sugar into your cells.

insulin

The less common form of diabetes is an autoimmune disease that results in no pancreatic ________.

insulin

____________ is a condition in which ketone bodies accumulate in the blood. The Recommended Dietary Allowance for carbohydrate is 130 g/day, enough to prevent this condition.

ketosis

Aliyah received a 15 pound frozen turkey as a gift from her workplace. She has kept the turkey in her freezer for a few weeks, but is now ready to thaw and prepare the turkey for a large family meal. You might recommend all of the following methods of thawing the frozen turkey except

leaving the turkey out on the countertop overnight

According to the American College of Sports Medicine, how many minutes per week of moderate-intensity physical activity do adults need to perform to prevent weight gain?

more than 250 minutes

protects stomach mucosa from hydrochloric acid and enzymes

mucus

The best way for people to obtain all the essential nutrients is to consume dietary supplements.

not a key concept!!!

Certain foods are more nutritious than others, and a food that contains more vitamins and minerals in relation to fat, sugar, and alcohol content is called a(n) ________ _________ _________.

nutrient-dense food.

A person with a BMI > 30 would be considered...

obese

Which of the following are health problems associated with childhood obesity? Check all that apply.

-Breathing problems, including sleep apnea and asthma -Joint discomfort -Elevated blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose levels

To encourage Madison to continue to exclusively breastfeed her baby for at least 6 months, you might provide her with which of the following true information?

-Compared to infant formula, breast milk provides ANTIBODIES. -Compared to infant formula, breast milk provides GROWTH FACTORS. -Compared to infant formula, breast milk provides IMMUNE FACTORS.

Patricia has been feeling exceptionally sluggish and fatigued, so her boyfriend suggested that she have her iron levels checked. Patricia's physician recommends a number of tips to help increase iron absorption. Check all of the following that can help enhance iron absorption in the body.

-Consume vitamin C-rich foods or supplements along with iron supplements or iron-containing food. -Eat heme and nonheme iron foods together.

Which of the following factors limit vitamin B-12 absorption and thereby may lead to vitamin B-12 deficiency?

-Decreased production of intrinsic factor -Decreased production of hydrochloric acid -Use of certain medications to reduce heartburn

In which of the following ways does breastfeeding help the mother recover from pregnancy? Check all that apply.

-Reduces uterine bleeding after delivery -Promotes shrinkage of the uterus after delivery -Promotes loss of stored body fat

Pathogenic bacteria are likely to multiply rapidly when environmental temperatures are between ________.

40 and 140ºF

During breastfeeding, daily energy needs increase by about ____ kcal, but consuming slightly fewer kcal will allow for gradual weight loss in the mother.

800

A scientist wants to develop a medication that safely reduces hunger to help obese people lose weight. Based on this information, this researcher will explore ways to block the production, release, or action of _________

ghrelin

When a person eats more protein than their body needs the extra protein is

converted to glucose or fat

Maureen just found out that she is pregnant. Her doctor recommended that she should take a prenatal supplement that contains 400 micrograms of folic acid and 150 micrograms of iodine. Adequate iodine intake during pregnancy can help to prevent ______ in the infant.

cretinism