Nutrition Final Exam
the major storage sites for vitamin D and most minerals include what?
- body fat - bones - liver
What are the 6 classes of nutrients?
- carbohydrates - fats -proteins -vitamins -minerals -water
fiber is a ______________ carbohydrate that is found in _________ and adds bulk to feces.
- complex - plants
Polysaccharides are also called ________________. they are found chiefly in grains, vegetables and ___________. they are made of 10 or more _____________ bonded together.
- complex carbohydrates - fruits - monosaccharides
An ______ loses hydrogen ions when dissolved in water, whereas a __________ accepts hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.
1) acid 2) base
less than ______ % of daily calories should come from saturated fats.
10%
what is the criteria for fasting blood glucose above which an individual is diagnosed as diabetic?
126 mg/dl
sodium intake should be limited to less than _______ per day.
2300 mg
when consuming a 2000 calorie diet, the daily value for carbohydrates is __________.
300 grams
what is used to determine the caloric needs of the average person for a specific weight, age, and gender?
Estimated energy requirement
Which of the following conditions primarily affects the large intestine? a) Ulcerative colitis. b) GERD. c) Gallstones. d) Peptic ulcers.
a
The government agency that enforces consumer protection laws by investigating false or misleading health-related claims is the a) Federal Trade Commission (FTC). b) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). c) Agricultural Research Service (ARS). d) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
a) Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
An aspect of __________ involves studying causes of health problems in a population. a) epidemiology b) technobiology c) diseasiology d) censusology
a) epidemiology
Which of the following substances has the lowest pH? a) Gastric juice b) Household ammonia c) Tomatoes d) Milk
a) gastric juice
Which of the following information is not provided by the Nutrition Facts panel? a) Percentage of calories from alcohol b) Amount of total carbohydrate per serving c) Serving size d) Amount of trans fat per serving
a) percentage of calories from alcohol
A healthy body fat percentage for women is a) 3-10%. b) 23-31%. c) 32-37%. d) 40-50%.
b
Aflatoxins are a) responsible for 30% of food-borne illnesses in the United States. b) harmful compounds produced by certain molds. c) a type of parasitic worm. d) medications that are effective against viral toxins.
b
Children who lack vitamin D can develop a) pellagra. b) rickets. c) beriberi. d) scurvy.
b
Cholesterol is a) metabolized for energy. b) found only in animal foods. c) not made by the human body. d) harmful to health.
b
Dietary fiber a) supplies more energy, gram per gram, than fat. b) is not digested by the human intestinal tract. c) promotes tooth decay. d) is only in animal sources of food.
b
Last August, Damien experienced heavy sweating, painful leg cramps, and fatigue, while exercising outdoors. Based on this information, he probably had a) heatstroke. b) heat cramps. c) hypothermia. d) hypothyroidism.
b
Lipoproteins a) are water-insoluble. b) transport lipids in the bloodstream. c) contain glucose. d) are toxic to cells.
b
Solid fats generally have a high proportion of _____ fatty acids. a) unsaturated b) saturated c) polyunsaturated d) monounsaturated
b
Sources of heme iron include a) fortified grain products. b) beef. c) spinach. d) cast-iron cookware
b
To obtain energy under aerobic conditions, cells need a) ribose. b) oxygen. c) methionine. d) alanine.
b
Trans fatty acids are a) naturally in many foods. b) a by-product of the hydrogenation process. c) essential to good health. d) found primarily in fatty fish.
b
Which of the following foods has a high glycemic index? a) Nonfat milk b) Cornflakes cereal c) Salted peanuts d) Raw carrots
b
Which of the following statements is true? a) Resistance exercises do not help build bone mass. b) Sedentary activities do not require much energy to perform. c) Anaerobic energy systems need large quantities of oxygen to produce ATP. d) All of the above are correct.
b
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans is a) revised every year. b) a set of general nutrition-related recommendations. c) published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. d) used to develop DVs.
b) a set of general nutrition-related recommendations
A salt forms when an ______ combines with a ______. a) electrolyte; proton b) acid; base c) element; pH d) enzyme; mineral
b) acid; base
Comparing individuals with type 2 diabetes to individuals who have very similar characteristics but are healthy would be an example of a a) prospective study. b) case-control study. c) retrospective study. d) double-blind study.
b) case-control study
Two or more atoms that are held together by a chemical bond form a a) pH. b) molecule. c) proton. d) nucleus.
b) molecule
what are insulin producing cells of the pancreas called?
beta cells
function of digestive system
breakdown and absorption of food
A ________ transports lipids in the bloodstream. a) hormone b) cholecystokinin c) chylomicron d) sphincter
c
A protein a) is comprised of glucose molecules. b) has fatty acids in its chemical structure. c) provides the same amount of energy per gram as a carbohydrate. d) is a complex inorganic molecule.
c
A saturated fatty acid has a) one double bond within the hydrocarbon chain. b) two double bonds within the hydrocarbon chain. c) no double bonds within the hydrocarbon chain. d) three or more double bonds within the hydrocarbon chain.
c
Diets that lack niacin can lead to a) rickets. b) beriberi. c) pellagra. d) pernicious anemia.
c
During glycolysis, the body a) converts two fatty acid molecules into one glucose molecule. b) synthesizes one amino acid molecule from one carbon dioxide molecule and two oxygen molecules. c) breaks down one glucose molecule to form two pyruvate molecules. d) metabolizes fatty acids into carbon monoxide and peroxide.
c
Henry is concerned about his risk of osteoporosis. Which of the following characteristics is a modifiable risk factor for this chronic condition? a) Family history b) Racial/ethnic background c) Physical activity level d) Age
c
Homocysteine is a(n) a) form of folate. b) lipid that lowers blood pressure. c) possible marker for cardiovascular disease. d) essential amino acid.
c
The placenta cannot a) transfer nutrients from the mother's bloodstream to the embryo/fetus. b) eliminate waste products from the embryo/fetus. c) prevent all toxic substances from reaching the embryo/fetus. d) transfer oxygen from the mother's bloodstream to the embryo/fetus.
c
Vitamin K can be produced by a) skin exposure to ultraviolet radiation. b) hydrolysis of seawater. c) intestinal bacteria. d) conversion of lactic acid into lactate.
c
Vitamins a) are metabolized to yield energy. b) occur in gram amounts in foods. c) are organic molecules. d) are macronutrients.
c
Which of the following foods is most likely to support the growth of pathogens? a) Overripe bananas b) Pasteurized milk c) Raw ground meat d) Commercially canned tomato soup
c
Which of the following physical states is characterized by positive nitrogen balance? a) Starvation b) Illness c) Puberty d) Marasmus
c
Which of the following statements is false? a) Certain hormones are proteins. b) Nearly all enzymes are proteins. c) Proteins are part of triglycerides. d) The body uses amino acids to make antibodies.
c
Which of the following statements is false? a) Lean tissue contains more water than fat tissue. b) Water is a major solvent. c) Generally, young women have more body water than young men. d) Water does not provide energy.
c
Lena weighs 60 kg. What is her weight in pounds? a) 75 pounds b) 220 pounds c) 132 pounds d) 165 pounds
c) 132 pounds. multiply kg by 2.2.
A testimonial is a) an unbiased report about a product's value. b) a scientifically valid claim. c) a personal endorsement of a product. d) a form of scientific evidence.
c) a personal endorsement of a product
the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between the blood and the cells throughout the body occurs across the cells lining the ____________.
capillaries
what are ketone bodies?
chemicals that result from incomplete fat breakdown.
the participants in an experiment who are not given the treatment being tested are the _______________.
control group
people with ___________ produce thick mucus that block passageways, particularly in the respiratory and digestive systems.
cystic fibrosis
Aerobic activities a) enable muscles to use less oxygen than normal. b) do not require voluntary muscular contractions. c) force muscle cells to use more vitamins and minerals for energy. d) involve sustained, rhythmic contractions of certain large skeletal muscles.
d
Breastfed infants are ______ than babies who are fed infant formula. a) more likely to have diarrhea b) less likely to have cystic fibrosis c) more likely to have respiratory infections d) less likely to have ear infections
d
Brita was a binge drinker during the first 3 months of her pregnancy. Her baby was born with FAS. Which of the following conditions is a sign of FAS? a) Chronic vomiting b) Iron deficiency anemia c) Bleeding gums d) Thin upper lip
d
Chemical messengers in the body are a) enzymes. b) cells. c) capillaries. d) hormones.
d
In the United States, table salt is often fortified with a) iron. b) selenium. c) potassium. d) iodine.
d
Joseph's BMI is 23. When he is under a lot of stress, he eats a large amount of cake, cookies, and ice cream. Soon after eating these foods, he goes to a bathroom and makes himself vomit. Based on this information, Joseph probably has a) diarexia psychosis. b) anorexia nervosa. c) cystic fibrosis. d) bulimia nervosa.
d
Megadoses of vitamins a) are safe to take if the vitamins are water soluble. b) prevent certain chronic diseases. c) are available naturally from a wide variety of foods. d) may be toxic.
d
The primary source of sodium in the typical American diet is a) bottled water. b) unprocessed food. c) fruit. d) salt.
d
The vitamin content of a vegetable can be affected by a) soil composition. b) the vegetable's maturity when harvested. c) sunlight exposure. d) All of the above are correct.
d
Which of the following conditions is a common sign or symptom of untreated type 1 diabetes? a) Migraine headaches b) Obesity c) Diverticula d) Hyperglycemia
d
Which of the following foods has the lowest percentage of water? a) Tomatoes b) Oranges c) Whole-grain bread d) Vegetable oil
d
Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin C? a) Whole milk b) Egg white c) Hamburger patty d) Green pepper
d
Which of the following foods is high carbohydrate and low fat? a) Roast chicken b) Swiss cheese c) Peanut butter d) Toast spread with strawberry jam
d
Which of the following practices can help reduce the growth of food-borne pathogens? a) Washing hands before preparing food b) Keeping cold foods cold and hot foods hot c) Cooking foods to proper internal temperatures d) All of the above are correct.
d
Which of the following practices has been scientifically shown to extend the life spans of certain flies and rodents? a) Taking antioxidant supplements b) Eating a high-protein diet c) Performing vigorous physical exercise d) Consuming a calorie-restricted diet
d
______ cells are specialized to store fat. a) Carcinoma b) Megaloblastic c) Neural d) Adipose
d
______ is the commercial heating process that destroys harmful bacteria in milk and fruit juices. a) Sporulation b) Sedimentation c) Detoxification d) Pasteurization
d
A serving of food supplies 12 g carbohydrate, 5 g protein, 7 g fat, and 50 g water. Which of the following statements is true about a serving of the food? a) Protein provides the most food energy. b) Carbohydrate provides the most food energy. c) Water provides the most food energy. d) Fat provides almost 50% of total calories.
d) fat provides almost 50% of total calories
The first step of the scientific method usually involves a) gathering data. b) developing a hypothesis. c) identifying relationships between variables. d) making observations.
d) making observations
Which of the following journals does not have peer-reviewed articles? a) Journal of the American Medical Association b) The New England Journal of Medicine c) Journal of the American College of Nutrition d) Men's Journal
d) men's journal
A fake treatment is a(an) a) anecdote. b) double-blind study. c) pseudoscience experiment. d) placebo.
d) placebo
Fruit is generally a good source of all of the following substances, except a) fiber. b) vitamin c) phytochemicals. d) protein.
d) protein
The nutrients that provide energy are a) carbohydrates, vitamins, and lipids. b) lipids, proteins, and minerals. c) vitamins, minerals, and proteins. d) proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
d) proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
People who follow Jewish dietary rules will not consume a) tea. b) rice. c) beef. d) shellfish.
d) shellfish
Nutritional standards, such as the RDAs, are not a) used to develop formula food products. b) the basis for establishing DVs. c) used to evaluate the nutritional adequacy of diets. d) the basis for developing AIs.
d) the basis for developing AIs
Diet is a: a) practice of restricting calorie intake. b) technique for limiting empty calorie intake. c) method of reducing portion sizes. d) usual pattern of food choices.
d) usual pattern of food choices
whats another term for glucose?
dextrose
standards for planning nutritious diets for groups of people are called _________________.
dietary reference intakes
what is sustainable agriculture?
farming method that does not deplete natural resources or harm the environment
The alteration of a plant or animals hereditary material is called ________________.
genetic modification
maltose has two ________ molecules bonded together.
glucose
Which two monosaccharides make up lactose?
glucose and galactose
when an individual's blood sugar level becomes abnormally elevated, they are diagnosed as having ___________.
hyperglycemia
symptoms that include irritability, restlessness, shaking, sweating, and confusion are often observed during periods of low blood sugar called _____________.
hypoglycemia
what is glucagon's effect on blood glucose?
increases blood glucose
excessive thirst, frequent urination, a blood glucose of more than 250 mg/dl, and fruity breath are all signs of what?
ketoacidosis
fiber is mostly made of what?
monosaccharides
a slippery, alkaline substance that protects the stomach from its acid and digestive enzymes is called __________.
mucus
Pellagra is a vitamin deficiency caused by a lack of ____________.
niacin
is a vitamin a macronutrient?
no
what is the name for a human who can absorb nutrients from plants, animals, fungi and bacteria?
omnivore
waves of muscle contractions that propel food along the gastrointestinal tract are called _______________.
peristalsis
the amount of a nutrient that allows the body to function optimally is called the ________________ dose.
physiological
a blood glucose of 118 mg/dl means a person has what?
pre-diabetes
function of integumentary system
prevents invasion by disease causing bacteria
what occurs at the ribosome?
protein synthesis
function of gallbladder
release bile into duodenum
the brains primary source of fuel is __________.
simple sugars
mitochondrion is the site of what?
site of ATP synthesis
function of skeletal system
storage of minerals
bees make honey from flower nectar which is rich in ________.
sucrose
glucose and fructose bonded together form __________.
sucrose
what is the carbohydrate that all other sweeteners are compared to?
sucrose
definition of nutrition
the scientific study of nutrients and how the body uses them
function of reproductive system
to produce children
which two nutrients provide no usable calories for the body?
vitamins and minerals
observational epidemiological studies include ________________ studies and ____________ studies.
-case control studies - cohort studies
what are two potential fates of fructose after it is consumed?
-converted to fat -converted to glucose
what are the 3 main simple sugars or monosaccharides?
-glucose -fructose -galactose
glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in the __________ and _________.
-liver - muscles
which 2 organs work together to maintain the acid-base balance of blood?
-lungs -kidney
what constant is used to convert inches to centimeters?
2.54 cm
the ability to control the external anal sphincter voluntarily usually occurs by ________ years of age.
4
carbohydrates should provide _____ to _____% of total calories in the diet.
45-65%
the dietary guidelines are updated every ___ years.
5
genetic engineering is an example of a method of _______________.
DNA modification
A ______ physical activity generally requires a high degree of exertion. a) vigorous b) basic c) moderate d) precise
a
A lacteal is a a) lymph vessel within each villus. b) form of carbohydrate in milk. c) muscular structure that regulates digestion in the large intestine. d) specialized cell.
a
After her college graduation party, Jade's BAC was 0.16%. This level is _______ times the legal limit. a) 2 b) 4 c) 3 d) 5
a
Amy is studying quietly. Under these conditions, her muscles are using primarily ______ for energy. a) fat b) amino acids c) glucose d) ketone bodies
a
Basal metabolism includes energy needs for a) breathing and circulating blood. b) performing physical activity. c) digesting food. d) absorbing nutrients.
a
Caffeine a) is the most widely used ergogenic aid in the world. b) reduces the level of fatty acids in blood. c) is nonaddictive. d) decreases mental alertness.
a
During pregnancy, excess _______ intake is known to be teratogenic. a) vitamin A b) biotin c) vitamin K d) folate
a
Fats in foods a) add taste and contribute to "mouth feel." b) are digested and absorbed in the stomach. c) carry water-soluble nutrients. d) need to be eliminated to have a healthful diet.
a
In the United States, ______ is responsible for most outbreaks of food-borne illness. a) norovirus b) Clostridium botulinum c) aflatoxin d) E. coli
a
Negative energy balance occurs when a) the body needs more calories than the diet supplies. b) fat storage in the body increases. c) energy intake is higher than energy output. d) the thermic effect of food equals NEAT.
a
Obese women who are pregnant with one fetus should gain______ pounds during pregnancy. a) 11-20 b) 20-25 c) 25-35 d) 35-50
a
People who are unable to absorb fat are likely to develop a ________ deficiency. a) vitamin A b) folate c) vitamin B-12 d) riboflavin
a
Preeclampsia is a form of ______blank that can develop during pregnancy. a) hypertension b) diabetes c) cancer d) anemia
a
The ______ is the primary government agency that oversees the safety of most foods in the United States. a) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) b) Agricultural Research Service (ARS) c) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) d) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
a
To reduce the likelihood of giving birth to babies with neural tube defects, women of childbearing age should obtain adequate a) folate. b) biotin. c) cellulose. d) niacin.
a
Which of the following conditions is clearly associated with eating certain dietary carbohydrates, especially sticky sugars? a) Tooth decay b) Type 1 diabetes c) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder d) Hypertension
a
Which of the following factors is associated with increased risk of obesity during childhood? a) Having a family history of obesity b) Eating 3 to 5 servings of fresh fruit daily c) Being a full-term infant d) Taking dietary supplements that contain zinc and vitamin C
a
Which of the following foods generally provide the least amount of protein per serving? a) Fruits b) Milk c) Nuts d) Seeds
a
Which of the following foods is a source of high-quality protein that a vegan would eat? a) Quinoa b) Yogurt c) Brown rice d) Sweet potatoes
a
Which of the following foods is not a good source of calcium? a) Butter b) American cheese c) Canned sardines d) Kale
a
Which of the following foods is not a rich source of provitamin A? a) Beef b) Carrots c) Squash d) Sweet potato
a
Which of the following foods is not a source of complete protein? a) Peanut butter b) Cheese c) Fish d) Eggs
a
Which of the following populations has the highest risk of hypertension? a) People with African-American ancestry b) Young, physically active Asian men c) Hispanic women who do not drink alcohol d) Young adults who consume high amounts of fruit
a
Which of the following practices may reduce your risk of cancer? a) Eating fruits and vegetables b) Eating grilled meats regularly c) Smoking no more than 10 cigarettes daily d) Consuming two to three standard alcoholic drinks daily
a
Which of the following statements is true? a) Certain fish are rich sources of omega-3 fatty acids. b) Omega-3 fatty acids increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. c) Trans fats are rich sources of omega-3 fatty acids. d) The human body converts dietary fiber into omega-3 fatty acids.
a
Which of the following statements is true? a) Safety standards for bottled water are similar to those for tap water. b) Most brands of water bottled in the United States contain unsafe amounts of arsenic and lead. c) The EPA inspects and certifies water bottling facilities at least three times a year. d) The majority of Americans should drink bottled water because water from municipal systems is unsafe.
a
Which of the following substances is a disaccharide? a) Maltose b) Starch c) Galactose d) Glycogen
a
Which of the following tips is a recommended way to reduce food costs? a) Buying food in bulk, if it can be used before spoiling b) Purchasing preportioned, packaged foods c) Shopping at convenience stores, if the stores are within 5 miles of your home d) Eating at fast-food outlets at least three times a week
a
______ are disease-causing microbes. a) Pathogens b) Toxins c) Teratogens d) Oxidants
a
special diets prescribed for people with chronic health conditions are called a) medical nutrition therapies b) fad diets c) high protein, low carbohydrate diets d) dietary intervention
a
What is the RDA for protein of a healthy adult woman who weighs 62 kg? a) 49.6 g b) 59.6 g c) 69.6 g d) 79.6 g
a * times weight in kg by .8
The RDA is established by adding _______ to the EAR.
a margin of safety
A serving of food contains 40 g carbohydrate, 10 g protein, and 9 g fat. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies _____blank kcal. a) 281 b) 225 c) 84 d) 165
a) 281. carbohydrate= 4 kilocalories protein= 4 kilocalories fat= 9 kilocalories
Which of the following activities is an alternative health care practice? a) Drinking green tea to lose weight b) Taking ibuprofen to treat a headache c) Consuming more calcium-rich foods to help increase bone mass d) Eating fewer salty snacks to reduce sodium intake
a) Drinking green tea to lose weight
The ____________blank is the federal agency that tries to ensure the safety and effectiveness of health-related products. a) FDA b) FTC c) EPA d) USGS
a) FDA
Which of the following statements is false? a) A megadose is generally less than a physiological dose of a nutrient. b) Megadoses of nutrients may behave like drugs in the body. c) In general, physiological doses of nutrients are safe to consume daily. d) People should avoid taking megadose amounts of vitamin and mineral supplements.
a) a megadose is generally less than a physiological dose of a nutrient
Which of the following statements is true? a) Arteries carry blood away from the heart. b) Hemoglobin carries most of the enzymes in the blood. c) Cells need carbon monoxide to obtain energy. d) The liver is the primary organ of the cardiovascular system.
a) arteries carry blood away from the heart
A diet is likely to be safe and nutritionally adequate if a) average daily intakes for nutrients meet RDA or AI values. b) intakes of various nutrients are consistently less than EAR amounts. c) nutrient intakes are consistently above ULs. d) vitamin supplements are included.
a) average daily intakes for nutrients meet RDA or AI values
which are good sources of fiber? a) carrots b) beans c) brown rice d) oat bran
a) carrots b) beans d) oat bran
According to the MyPlate plan, which of the following foods is grouped with dairy products? a) Cheese b) Egg c) Butter d) Cream
a) cheese
_____blank refers to all chemical processes that occur in living cells. a) Metabolism b) Catabolism c) Anatomy d) Physiology
a) metabolism
which alternative sweetener contains the amino acids phenylalanine and aspartic acid?
aspartame
At what age can type 1 diabetes occur?
at any age
Alcohol metabolism is not influenced by a person's a) sex. b) level of caffeine consumption. c) prior history of alcohol use. d) body size and composition.
b
Body mass index (BMI) is a) a standard used to calculate a person's body fat percentage. b) based on a relationship between weight and risk of chronic disease. c) gradually being replaced by more reliable height/weight tables. d) a chart used to predict one's caloric intake.
b
Carbohydrate loading a) provides a competitive edge for award-winning sprinters, bodybuilders, and weight lifters. b) involves manipulating dietary patterns and physical activities prior to an endurance event. c) often results in short-term weight loss and positive energy balance. d) is generally recommended for long-term weight control for athletes.
b
During the first trimester, a pregnant woman's daily energy requirement is ______ her daily energy needs before she became pregnant. a) 300 kcal lower than b) about the same as c) 300 kcal higher than d) 500 kcal higher than
b
If the extracellular fluid has an excess of sodium ions, a) sodium ions move into cells. b) intracellular fluid moves to the outside of cells. c) phosphate and calcium ions are eliminated in feces. d) blood levels of arsenic and oxalate increase.
b
In cells, _________ controls the assembly of amino acids into proteins. a) PEU b) DNA c) IOM d) ATP
b
Lack of vitamin ________ causes scurvy. a) A b) C c) D d) K
b
Major food sources of vitamin B-12 include a) enriched grain products. b) meat and milk products. c) fruit and vegetables. d) nuts and seeds.
b
Miranda is physically fit. She has a) an increased risk of osteoporosis. b) the strength, endurance, and flexibility to meet the demands of daily living. c) a greater need for vitamins and minerals than other women. d) no need to exercise regularly.
b
The embryo/fetus develops most of its organs during the a) preconception period. b) first trimester. c) second trimester. d) third trimester.
b
The stomach secretes a) salivary amylase. b) hydrochloric acid. c) bile. d) cholecystokinin.
b
When you travel to countries outside the United States, you can reduce your risk of "traveler's diarrhea" by a) eating whole fresh fruits and vegetables. b) avoiding water that has not been bottled and sealed. c) purchasing foods from street vendors. d) consuming ice with beverages.
b
Which of the following characteristics is not associated with the normal aging process? a) Increased risk of blood clots b) Increased brain weight c) Reduced saliva production d) Reduced immunity to infectious diseases
b
Which of the following food preservation processes effectively destroys microbes? a) Freezing b) Sterilization c) Smoking d) Chilling
b
Which of the following foods is a source of complementary protein? a) Trail mix made with cashews, raisins, almonds, honey, and dried banana flakes b) Mashed chickpeas spread on pita bread c) Leafy greens salad topped with peanuts d) Whole-wheat bread with an apricot spread
b
Which of the following foods is the best source of soluble fiber? a) Raw fruit b) Whole-grain oat cereal c) Sports drinks d) Cooked meat
b
Which of the following practices increases the risk of peptic ulcer? a) Chewing gum b) Smoking cigarettes c) Drinking orange juice d) Eating a low-fiber diet
b
Which of the following signs is associated with metabolic syndrome? a) Low blood pressure b) High fasting blood glucose c) Low hemoglobin d) High fasting HDL cholesterol
b
Which of the following statements is false? a) Iodine is necessary for normal thyroid function. b) In the United States, milk is usually fortified with iodine. c) Having too much or too little iodine in the diet can cause the thyroid gland to enlarge. d) Saltwater fish and other seafood are sources of iodine.
b
Which of the following statements is true? a) Women generally have higher metabolic rates than men. b) Thyroid hormone levels influence BMR. c) A person who has more muscle mass will have a lower BMR than someone with less muscle tissue. d) When a person has a fever, his or her BMR drops below normal.
b
Which of the following substances is a polysaccharide? a) Glucose b) Glycogen c) Glucagon d) Galactose
b
______ is a hormone that reduces hunger and inhibits fat storage in the body. a) Coumadin b) Leptin c) Ghrelin d) Dexadrin
b
________ fat deposits are in the omentum, which is under the abdominal muscles. a) Subcutaneous b) Visceral c) Cellulite d) Bulimic
b
_________ are a primary source of added sugars in American diets. a) Cured deli meats b) Sugar-sweetened soft drinks c) Refined cereals d) Canned fruits
b
_________ is the hormone that helps glucose to enter cells. a) Glucagon b) Insulin c) HFCS d) Maltase
b
Which of the following websites is most likely to provide biased and unreliable nutrition information? a) The site of a nationally recognized health association (*.org) b) A site that promotes or sells dietary supplements (*.com) c) The site of a U.S. government agency (*.gov) d) An accredited college or university's site (*.edu)
b) A site that promotes or sells dietary supplements (*.com)
Which of the following substances would be classified as a dietary supplement according to the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994? a) Tobacco b) Melatonin c) Chicken liver d) Plain yogurt
b) Melatonin
The amount of a nutrient that should meet the needs of almost all healthy people in a particular group is the a) Estimated Average Requirement (EAR). b) Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). c) Nutrient Requirement (NR). d) Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL).
b) Recommended dietary allowance (RDA)
Badih is a devout follower of Islam. Therefore, he will not consume a) red meat. b) beer. c) enriched grains. d) coffee.
b) beer
Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense? a) Potato chips b) Broccoli c) Butter d) Ice cream
b) broccoli
Which of the following foods would be classified as a source of empty calories by MyPlate? a) Whole milk b) Grape jelly c) Whole-grain bread d) Corn oil
b) grape jelly
The Exchange System a) classifies foods in the same groups as MyPlate. b) has exchange lists based on macronutrient contents. c) is useful only for people who have diabetes. d) incorporates high-protein foods with high- carbohydrate foods.
b) has exchange lists based on macronutrient contents
Which of the following conditions is not one of the top 5 leading causes of death in the United States? a) Cancer b) Kidney disease c) Heart disease d) Stroke
b) kidney disease
Phytochemicals a) are essential nutrients. b) may have healthful benefits. c) should be avoided. d) are in animal sources of food.
b) may have healthful benefits
Which of the following foods is a source of phytochemicals? a) Hamburger b) Raspberries c) Eggs d) Chicken
b) raspberries
The _____ Program enables eligible participants to use a special debit card to purchase food at authorized stores. a) Nutritious Food Purchase b) Supplemental Nutrition Assistance c) Healthy Diets for All d) Eat Better for Less
b) supplemental nutrition assistance
A ______blank is a group of similar cells that perform similar functions. a) ribosome b) tissue c) cytoplasm d) system
b) tissue
In the United States, the primary cause of preventable cancer deaths is a) physical inactivity. b) tobacco use. c) high-fat diet. d) excessive alcohol intake.
b) tobacco use
Which of the following organs is an accessory organ of the digestive system? a) Heart b) Tongue c) Bladder d) Spleen
b) tongue
In the United States, common sources of food-borne illness include all of the following, except a) norovirus. b) Staphylococcus aureus. c) fungi. d) Salmonella.
c
Insoluble fiber a) is in beef and pork. b) dissolves or swells in water. c) is in whole-grain products, including brown rice. d) increases the risk of heart disease.
c
Irradiation of food is a) an untested technology. b) not recommended, because the process increases nutrient losses. c) considered to be a safe process by the FDA. d) a widely accepted method of food preservation in the United States.
c
Modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis include a) family history. b) age. c) tobacco use. d) racial/ethnic background.
c
People with celiac disease should a) take amino acid supplements. b) limit their protein intake to 20 g per day. c) avoid foods that contain gluten. d) eliminate protein from plant sources.
c
The primary site of triglyceride digestion and absorption is the a) stomach. b) liver. c) small intestine. d) gallbladder.
c
Tiny, fingerlike projections of the small intestine that absorb nutrients are called a) salivary glands. b) lymph nodes. c) villi. d) organelles.
c
Type 2 diabetes is a) a disease that primarily affects young children. b) characterized by severe hypoglycemia. c) often associated with excess body weight. d) caused by eating refined sugars.
c
Which of the following statements is false? a) Intrinsic factor is needed for vitamin B-12 absorption. b) Vitamin B-12 deficiency is common among elderly persons. c) Patients with pernicious anemia are treated with high doses of folic acid. d) If untreated, pernicious anemia can be deadly.
c
Which of the following statements is true? a) A woman's energy needs are higher during the first trimester than at any other time in pregnancy. b) Using infant formula to bottle-feed a baby is more convenient and less expensive than breastfeeding a baby. c) Oxytocin is necessary for the "let-down" reflex to occur. d) The American Pediatric Association recommends feeding fresh whole milk to infants when they are 6 months of age.
c
Which of the following substances are not direct food additives? a) Sulfites b) Enrichment nutrients c) Pesticide residues d) Emulsifiers
c
Which of the following substances is an intestinal enzyme that breaks down lactose? a) Galactose b) Salivary amylase c) Lactase d) Lactic acid
c
Worldwide, the most common nutrient deficiency disorder is _____ deficiency. a) iodine b) cobalt c) iron d) calcium
c
______ is an immediate and direct source of energy for cells. a) LDP b) Glycogen c) ATP d) Phospholipid
c
________ is a primary fuel for muscles and other cells. a) Protein b) Cholesterol c) Glucose d) HFCS
c
__________ relies on the principle that lean tissue is denser than water. a) Bioelectrical impedance b) Direct calorimetry c) Underwater weighing d) Air displacement
c
Which of the following statements is true? a) According to MyPlate, vegetable oils are grouped into the "Fats and Oils" food group. b) The MyPlate menu planning guide cannot be individualized to meet a person's food preferences. c) A person can use MyPlate to evaluate his or her diet's nutritional adequacy. d) MyPlate was the first food guide developed for Americans.
c) A person can use MyPlate to evaluate his or her diet's nutritional adequacy
Which of the following statements is true? a) AMDRs have been developed for all nutrients. b) ULs meet the nutrient needs of nearly all healthy people. c) RDAs contain a margin of safety. d) AIs are requirements for certain nutrients.
c) RDAs contain a margin of safety
Which of the following foods is a good source of protein and contains a lot of saturated fat? a) Avocado b) Dry peas c) Cheese d) Peanuts
c) cheese
Which of the following actions has been proposed to help solve environmental problems created by conventional agricultural methods? a) Having populations shift to diets based primarily on meat, fish, and poultry b) Converting tropical jungles into much needed farmland c) Developing ways to use irrigation systems more effectively d) Resisting efforts to increase food production through biotechnology
c) developing ways to use irrigation systems more effectively
Daily Values are a) for people who consume 1200 to 1500 kilocalorie diets. b) based on the lowest UL for each nutrient. c) dietary standards developed for food-labeling purposes. d) used to evaluate the nutritional adequacy of a population's diet.
c) dietary standards developed for food-labeling purposes
Which of the following substances is insoluble in water? a) Iron b) Sugar c) Fat d) Sodium
c) fat
The Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) a) has a margin of safety. b) does not account for a person's height, weight, or physical activity level. c) is based on the average daily energy needs of a healthy person. d) reflects a person's actual daily energy needs.
c) is based on the average daily energy needs of a healthy person
Chemical digestion begins in the a) liver. b) stomach. c) mouth. d) pancreas.
c) mouth
Which of the following foods is energy and nutrient dense? a)Fat-free yogurt b)Sugar-sweetened soft drink c) Peanut butter d) Iceberg lettuce
c) peanut butter
Generally, epidemiological studies a) establish causation. b) prove correlations. c) cannot determine cause-and-effect relationships. d) are experimental-based research efforts that examine two variables.
c) prove correlations
A team of scientists conducts a survey of 1000 people who are between 60 and 75 years of age to determine whether their past consumption of seafood may have influenced their current state of health. This study is an example of a(an) a) case-control study. b) prospective study. c) retrospective study. d) experimental study.
c) retrospective study
An antioxidant is a(an) a) essential nutrient found only in animal foods. b) dietary supplement that is available without prescription. c) substance that protects cell components from being damaged or destroyed. d) nonnutrient produced by plants that provides health benefits.
c) substance that protects cell components from being damaged or destroyed
The mixture of gastric juices and partially digested food in the stomach is called __________.
chyme
A healthy infant who weighs 8.2 pounds at birth can be expected to weigh ______ pounds by her first birthday. 13.0 16.4 19.5 24.6
d
A sign of marasmus is a) increased muscle growth. b) rapid weight gain. c) diabetes. d) wasting.
d
Enriched grain products have specific amounts of ________ added during processing. a) vitamin C b) vitamin A c) vitamin B-12 d) thiamin
d
Food-borne illnesses are usually characterized by a) flulike signs and symptoms. b) coughing, sneezing, and respiratory inflammation. c) megaloblastic anemia and nervous system defects. d) abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and vomiting.
d
Human cells release much of the energy stored in carbohydrates, fats, and amino acids as a) electricity. b) phosphocreatine. c) ATP. d) heat.
d
Members of the National Weight Control Registry tend to a) skip breakfast regularly. b) follow low-carbohydrate/high-protein diets. c) exercise two to three times per week. d) eat meals regularly, including breakfast.
d
Peristalsis a) is a common intestinal infection. b) interferes with lipid absorption in the small intestine. c) stimulates red blood cell formation in bone marrow. d) helps move food/chyme through the digestive tract.
d
Phospholipids a) do not have fatty acids in their chemical structures. b) lack glycerol in their chemical structures. c) do not occur naturally. d) are partially water-soluble.
d
________ raises a person's metabolic rate. a) High-fructose corn syrup b) Orlistat c) Gastrin d) Thyroid hormone
d
_________ is the process of removing nitrogen from an amino acid. a) Transamination b) Denaturation c) Hydrogenation d) Deamination
d
what is insulin's effect on blood glucose?
decreases blood glucose
______________ are swollen rectal veins that cause itching, discomfort, and/or bleeding.
hemorrhoids
when an individual's blood level drops below 70 mg/dl they are diagnosed with ____________.
hypoglycemia
what is the condition that occurs when the body forms excessive ketones?
ketoacidosis
A _______ is a unit of heat energy needed to raise one liter of water one degree Celsius
kilocalorie
_________ refers to a specific procedure concerning killing, butchering, and preparation activities that makes food acceptable to followers of jewish dietary laws.
kosher
definition of nutrients
life-sustaining substances in food
the _________ uses cholesterol to make bile.
liver
where is glucose stored in the body?
liver
are meat and dairy products typically sources of phytochemicals?
no
certain brands of yogurt contain microbes called _______ designed to improve gut health.
probiotics
live, beneficial intestinal microbes (primarily bacteria or yeast) that have been grown under laboratory conditions are called what?
probiotics
function of liver
produce and secrete bile
function of salivary glands
produce and secrete salivary amylase
function of pancreas
produce and secrete the majority of digestive enzymes
which system of the body produces red blood cells and stores minerals?
skeletal system
what are nonnutrients?
substances that are not nutrients but may still have healthful benefits
which artificial sweetener is considered useful in baking because it resists heat?
sucralose
definition of a cell
the smallest living functional unit in an organism
what is a lumen?
the space inside a structure such as the small intestine
definition of starch
the storage form of carbohydrates in plants
What is epidemiology?
the study of the occurrence, distribution, and causes of disease patterns among various populations.
self contained, living structures that have similar characteristics and functions come together to form __________.
tissues
what is the main function of bile?
to emulsify fat, thus assisting in fat digestion
the 5 primary taste sensations are sweet, sour, salty, bitter and _________.
umami
human breast milk contains which monosaccharides?
- glucose - galactose
A young woman has less water and _________ and considerably more _____ than a man.
- less protein - more fat
fructose is known as fruit sugar or __________.
- levulose
a food that has one third fewer kilocalories or half the fat of a reference food can be labeled as _______________.
- light/lite
what are some natural food sources of sucrose?
- maple syrup - carrots
what are causes of diarrhea?
- more water than normal is secreted into the GI tract - the GI tract absorbs less water than normal
do enzymes slow down or speed up a reaction? are they recyclable?
- speed up - yes, they are recyclable
Soluble fiber dissolve or ______ in water. they are metabolized by __________ bacteria.
- swell - intestinal
what does the nutrition facts panel include?
- trans fat - total fat - calories - protein
function of nervous system
- transmits information - controls and regulates hunger
