Nutrition Final Exam Part 2

38. What is the recommended minimum amount of time for washing hands with warm water and soap before preparing or eating food?

20 seconds

some examples of food with hidden solid fats are

B. fried foods, sauces, dips and lunch meats

Eating foods containing vitamin C at the same meal can increase the absorption of which mineral?

C. magnesium

the protein produced by fat cells under the direction of the ob.gene ia called

C. sibutramine

128. What is a common source of lead poisoning in infants?

contaminated water used to used in making formula

corkscrew hair/menkes disease is associated with deficiency or toxicity of what nutrient

copper

111. Nutrition therapy for COPD includes what main goals?

correcting malnutrition with higher calories from fat and lower calories from carbohydrates

76. Why shouldn't vitamin E supplements be taken for at least one week before surgery?

acts as a blood thinner and can lead to excessive bleeding

92. What is the primary function of potassium?

acts as principle intracellular electrolyte, keeps heart beat steady

80. Wernicke Korsakoff Syndrome is linked to overuse or abuse of what substance?

alcohol

a fiber rich diet may help to prevent or control

all of the above

bile is

an emulsifier made by the liver that prepares fats and oils for digestion

major proteins in the blood that protect againts bacteria and other disease agents are called

antibodies

the profile of central obesity is sometimes referred to as an

apple

54. A person with dysphagia has _____ ___________________

difficulty swallowing

a clear liquid diet is best used for what kind of patient or condition

dysphagia

mottled teeth is associated with deficiency or toxicity of what nutrient

fluoride

Aspirin and antacids interact with what nutrient

folate

Two causes of obesity in humans are:

genetics and physical inactivity

88. Iron overload is also known as what?

hemochromatosis

a low sodium diet is best used for what kind of patient or condition

high bp/ prevent edema

enlarged thyroid is associated with deficiency or toxicity of what nutrient

iodine

Alcohol is not a nutrient because:

it does not contribute to the body's growth or repair

a fat restricted diet is best used for what kind of patient or condition

malabsorbtion/ pancreas or gall bladder disease, liver disease

what is the vitamin precursor that may cause skin yellowing

beta-carotene

a high Kcalorie/high protein diet is best used for what kind of patient or condition

burns/malnutrition

106. What is a safe rate of weight loss on a long-term basis for most overweight people?

.5- 2lbs per week

48. The nurse teaches a newly diagnosed diabetic patient to treat an episode of hypoglycemia by doing what?

15 jelly beans, half fruit juice

Pellagra/skin lesions may be caused by a deficiency or toxicity of what nutrient

niacin

75. Some of the health risks associated with being underweight include what?

osteoporosis, bone fractures

129. What food is responsible for the most life-threatening allergic reactions in people (anaphylactic shock)?

peanuts

Mechanically altered diet is best used for what kind of patient or condition

prep for bowel surgery

41. A person diagnosed with milk allergy would be sensitive to the milk's ________________.

protein

pitting edema/bilateral is associated with deficiency or toxicity of what nutrient

protein/thiamine

117.The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome may be treated with supplements of what?

thiamin

distorted taste/dysgeusia is associated with what deficiency

zinc

101. Irreversible nerve damage has been reported in people taking large doses of vitamin

B6

67. Dietary treatment, including restriction of sodium, alcohol, and fluids is most likely used for what condition?

CHF

68. Dietary treatment for kidney stones may include _______________________

Calcium, increase fluids

46. The nutrient that has the greatest influence on blood glucose levels is _______________.

Carbs

62. The best overall diet for protection against heart disease appears to be _________________

Mediterranean

26. A person with chronic diarrhea is at risk for what?

dehydration

40. A person with a fasting blood glucose concentration of 129 mg/dL and a Hemoglobin A1C of 6.7 would be classified as _____________________.

diabetic

127. Jane is visiting with her doctor during her 2nd trimester of pregnancy and has just revealed her strange cravings. The doctor declared that Jane is experiencing pica, which is causing her intense craving for _____

dirt

44. Mr. Purcell is an elderly gentleman who complains of frequent constipation. to deal with this problem, the nurse tells Mr. Purcell to do what?

drink plenty of fluids

131. List some of the more common signs of malnutrition in children.

dull brittle hair

39. The nurse is working with a client who recently suffered from a stroke. The client complains of painful swallowing, nasal regurgitation during swallowing, and coughing during meals. The nurse recognizes these as symptoms of what?

dysphasia

64. During times of critical illness, plasma proteins leak out of the blood vessels, attract water, fluid accumulates and causes swelling known as what?

edema

119. One of the critical steps in treatment of HIV infection is to encourage what?

encourage food safety, due to risk of food borne illness

30. Nutrient deficiencies, decreased mineral absorption, bloating & gastrointestinal (g.i.) obstruction can happen if you take in too much _________________.

fiber

100. Research has shown that the risk for neural tube defects is lowered by taking supplements of what?

folate

123. Among all the vitamins, which is believed to be most vulnerable to interactions with drugs?

folate

125. What supplement can mask B-12 deficiency symptoms?

folate

82.What happens if folate is given for anemia, when B-12 is needed?

folate mask B12 def.

87. NPO or "non per os" is an order not to give a patient what?

anything at all

120. What might be a contraindication for tube feeding?

gastro intestinal bleeding

58. A Hispanic pregnant woman is visiting the community clinic for her first prenatal visit. She has a family history of diabetes, she is obese, and her last baby weighed 9 pounds, 8 ounces. The nurse realizes that she is at risk for what?

gestational diabetes

51. Enteral nutrition provides nutrients using what?

gi tract

33. When blood glucose concentration falls, what pancreatic hormone is secreted to stimulate release of stored glucose?

glucagon

35. What provides nearly all of the energy the human brain uses daily?

glucose

43. Patients with celiac disease must avoid foods that contain what?

gluten

31. The leading cause of death in the US associated with diet is _________________.

heart disease

97. What is the most important strategy for an underweight person who wishes to achieve a healthy body weight?

high cal diet & regular exercise

29. Untreated gastroesophageal reflux increases the risk for the more serious condition known as__________________ ____________________.

barretts esophagus

96. In what chief capacity does vitamin K function?

blood clotting

55. Which of the following is the most important goal for both medical and nutrition therapy for diabetes?

blood glucose control

105. Infants fed honey or corn syrup are at increased risk for what?

botulism

47. Which group of symptoms is characteristic of the metabolic syndrome?

hyperglycemia, reduced HCL, abdominal obesity

93. The DASH diet plan was devised to prevent what?

hypertension

114. Abnormally low blood sodium concentration is known specifically as ______________

hyponatremia

126. Losing too much sodium & drinking too much water most likely puts an ultra-endurance athlete at risk for what?

hyponatremia

81. Which of the following vitamins is known to deactivate histamine, a substance that causes nasal congestion?

Vit. C

86. Deficiency of which of the following minerals is associated with retarded growth and sexual development in children?

Zinc

118. The nurse recognizes that the most appropriate diet therapy for a client with cirrhosis provides what?

adequate energy and protein

108. Which nutrient produces the most carbon dioxide during metabolism causing it to be more difficult to breathe if you have COPD?

carbohydrate

84. A woman with a severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy may give birth to a child with what?

cretinism

113. Trans fatty acids (trans fats) are considered detrimental due to the fact that they affect cholesterol. How?

increase LDL decrease HDL... makes it harder for arteries to dilate

72. What is the best approach to weight loss?

increase physical activity

83. Which of the following is the most likely side effect of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet?

increase thirst due to water weight loss

85. Goiter is caused primarily by a deficiency of what?

iodine

77. What nutrient is responsible for causing the most accidental ingestion deaths in children?

iron

spoon shaped nails is associated with what deficiency

iron

50. Patients with celiac disease & Crohn's disease often cannot tolerate what (besides gluten)?

lactose

121. Usually, what is the first sign of preeclampsia?

large weight gain in short time

107. Sarcopenia refers to what?

lose of muscle mass

104. Ben is worried that his family history of heart disease and his BMI of 28 are putting him at very high risk for developing cardiovascular disease. What would a clinician advise Ben to help lower his risk?

lose weight lowers blood cholesterol and blood pressure

Tachycardia is associated with what deficiency

low thiamine/ fluids

32. What is the primary function of insulin?

lowers blood glucose

116. What may result from excessive intakes of vitamin D by adults?

mineral deposit in soft tissues, such as kidney

95. What is a symptom of potassium deficiency?

muscle weakness and arrhythmia

122. Which B vitamin acts more like a drug in large doses (via supplement)?

niacin

98. What term identifies the characteristic tingling sensations and reddening of the skin after ingesting a pharmacologic dose of nicotinic acid?

niacin flush

133. In critical care patients, energy (kcalorie) needs may be higher than normal due to what possible factors ?

open wounds or burns

79. A bone fracture might be the first clue that someone might have what "silent disease"?

osteoporosis

78. What is the name given to the ingestion of nonnutritive substances?

pica

52. The excessive thirst common in diabetes is known as __ ________________

polydipsia

53. The frequent urination common in diabetes is known as ____ _______________

polyuria

71. Mr. Wilson's laboratory reports indicate hyperkalemia. His intake of _____ should be restricted.

potassium

56. Jared Joiner is a 56-year-old male who is 5'9" tall and weighs 204 pounds. Mr. Joiner has been feeling particularly fatigued lately and decided to make an appointment with his physician for a check-up. The results of his laboratory tests include a fasting blood glucose level of 121 mg/dL. Mr. Joiner's blood glucose level meets the criteria for a diagnosis of what?

pre diabetic

103. What is the name of the condition characterized by high blood pressure, edema, and protein in the urine of a pregnant woman?

preeclampsia

89. .A major reason why people must have sufficient carbohydrate and fat in the diet is to prevent what?

prevent breakdown of body protein for energy

124. Jennifer has just had a baby. When she brings Thomas home, she regales you with the details of her hospital stay. She mentions that shortly after the birth, Thomas received an intramuscular injection of vitamin K, and she wondered why this was done, as it made him cry. How do you explain this?

prevented possible bleeding

27. Foods such as potato chips, candy, and colas are called "empty-calorie foods" because they do what?

provide cal. but few nutrients

49. Who would be the most appropriate person to consult regarding medical nutrition therapy?

registered dietitian

110. Kati, a 19 year old female, arrived at the ER with a head injury and multiple broken bones. She is currently in a coma. When she arrived in the ER, the most immediate nutrition concern was what?

restore fluids and electrolyte balance

28. _____________ is a characteristic sign of hypoglycemia.

shakiness

130. Jenny has just learned that she is one month pregnant (1st trimester). She has been looking forward to all the ice cream, chips and cakes she has seen women on TV and in the movies eating when they are pregnant. What is the most appropriate advice for Jenny?

should not indulge herself

`115. What is the most likely side effect for a person who regularly consumes large quantities of carrots or carrot juice?

skin yellowing

109. A COPD patient who complains of abdominal discomfort and dyspnea may benefit from what type of meals?

small frequent meals.

74. Name the four classic risk factors for CHD .

smoking, high blood pressure, high LDL & diabetes

69. The first dietary objective in the treatment of anorexia nervosa is to do what?

stop further weight loss

94. Name a negative feature of potassium supplements?

toxicity/ hyperkalemia

57. After being diagnosed with hyperglycemia, Mr. Joiner returns 4 months later to his physician for a follow-up appointment. He has lost 10 pounds, but his fasting blood glucose level is now 131 mg/dL. Mr. Joiner's prediabetes has progressed to_________________________________________

type 2 diabetes

Night blindness is associated with what deficiency

vitamin A

bleeding gums is associated with what deficiency

vitamin C

which of the following vitamins are fat solubule

vitamin A,D,E,K

Scurvy may be caused by deficiency or toxicity of what nutrient

vitamin C

splinter hemorrhages on nails is associated with deficiency or toxicity of what nutrient

vitamin C

a deficiency due to antibiotic therapy may be caused by deficiency or toxicity of what nutrient

vitamin K

45. The nurse is planning for the nutritional needs of a patient with acute pancreatitis. The nurse understands that ______________________________ should be done initially>

NPO

112. Hepatitis patients should primarily avoid what?

alcohol

36. An effective dietary strategy for the treatment of GERD is to _____________________________.

avoid caffeine and alcohol

42. The nurse is reinforcing the dietitian's instructions for a postgastrectomy diet. The nurse realizes the client understands his diet when he states that he should do what?

avoid sweets, cola, limit honey, jams

73. What can be done to decrease triglyceride levels in the blood?

decrease simple sugars, fats, and alcohol

60. What would be the most effective method to control blood cholesterol levels?

decrease trans and sat. fats, replace with unsat. fats