Nutrition Final
The FITT principle is A. the theory that people who are flexible, intense, tall, and thin are more likely to be fit. B. a method used to assess fitness based on flexibility, interest, training, and technique. C. the principle followed to achieve an appropriate overload for physical training. D. a method to determine your fitness level based on your target heart rate.
C. the principle followed to achieve an appropriate overload for physical training
The spongy bone that is found within the ends of long bones is called A. cortical bone. B. collagen. C. trabecular bone. D. compact bone.
C. trabecular bone
Which of the following environmental conditions would increase the survival and reproduction of most food microorganisms? A. a high (alkaline) pH B. low humidity C. the absence of oxygen D. a temperature between 40°F and 140°F
D. a temperature between 40°F and 140°F
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) in soup, iodine in table salt, and beet extract in strawberry ice cream are all examples of A. stabilizers. B. preservatives. C. genetically modified organisms. D. additives.
D. additives.
A dietary supplement would NOT contain A. amino acids. B. herbs or other botanicals. C. vitamins and minerals. D. aspirin.
D. aspirin.
The three components of total energy expenditure are A. basal metabolic rate, physical activity, and sleep activity. B. physical activity, the thermic effect of food, and adaptive thermogenesis. C. basal metabolic rate, physical activity, and adaptive thermogenesis. D. basal metabolic rate, physical activity, and the thermic effect of food.
D. basal metabolic rate, physical activity, and the thermic effect of food.
The accumulation of high levels of mercury in large predatory fish is a result of A. food additives. B. genetic modification. C. irradiation. D. biomagnification.
D. biomagnification
Which of the following is the MOST abundant mineral in our body? A. phosphorus B. iron C. fluoride D. calcium
D. calcium
Which of the following is NOT a component of physical fitness? A. body composition B. flexibility C. muscular endurance D. caloric restriction
D. caloric restriction
Which of the following are substances intentionally put in foods to enhance appearance, palatability, safety, and/or quality? A. biopesticides B. recombinant genes C. preservatives D. food additives
D. food additives
Areas or regions where people lack access to fresh, healthful, and affordable food are called A. food oases. B. obesity zones. C. deprivation zones. D. food deserts.
D. food deserts.
What is the term for a situation in which people have unreliable access to sufficient nourishing food? A. food shortage B. food anxiety C. food poverty D. food insecurity
D. food insecurity
Ghrelin is a(n) A. intestinal hormone that raises insulin concentrations. B. liver enzyme that promotes the excretion of fat. C. hormone produced by adipose cells that decreases appetite. D. gastric hormone that stimulates appetite.
D. gastric hormone that stimulates appetite.
Which of the following is traditionally used to evaluate the level of intensity of aerobic activity? A. blood glucose level B. distance traveled per unit of time (e.g., steps per hour) C. blood pressure D. heart rate
D. heart rate
Which of the following is NOT a goal of sustainable agriculture? A. boost food security B. increase crop yields C. minimize adverse environmental impacts D. improve global transportation networks to ship foods
D. improve global transportation networks to ship foods
What is meant by the overload principle? A. subjecting the body to inappropriately high stress B. complete depletion of the body's stored glycogen C. stretching a muscle group beyond the joint's healthy range of motion D. improving fitness by placing extra physical demand on the body
D. improving fitness by placing extra physical demand on the body
Which of the following is a characteristic of aerobic metabolism of carbohydrates? A. It is faster than anaerobic metabolism of carbohydrates. B. It can support activities lasting from 4 to 12 hours. C. It leads to considerable muscle fatigue. D. It yields more ATP than anaerobic metabolism of carbohydrates.
D. it yields more ATP than anaerobic metabolism of carbohydrates
Which of the following produces a neurotoxin? A. Salmonella B. Clostridium botulinum C. Giardia D. hepatitis A
B. Clostridium botulinum
Which of the following falls within the "danger zone" of foodborne illnesses? A. meat cooking on a hot outdoor grill B. a frozen turkey thawing at room temperature C. soup simmering in a slow cooker set at low (200°F) D. chicken thawing inside a properly functioning refrigerator
B. a frozen turkey thawing at room temperature
Body mass index (BMI) is BEST described as A. an individual's lean tissue mass, squared. B. a ratio of an individual's body weight to height, squared. C. the percentage of an individual's body weight as compared to a reference population standard. D. a ratio of an individual's fat tissue to lean tissue mass, squared.
B. a ratio of an individual's body weight to height, squared.
Which of the following refers to the two-step process in which bone tissue is recycled? A. bone modeling B. bone remodeling C. bone regeneration D. bone growth
B. bone remodeling
In the body, vitamin D is essential for A. stimulation of nerve impulses. B. calcification of bone. C. blood clotting. D. muscle contraction.
B. calcification of bone.
Which of the following is a FALSE statement regarding the proper refrigeration and freezing of food? A. Store meat and poultry in the back of the refrigerator on the lowest shelf. B. Discard fresh eggs in shell if not consumed within 3 to 5 days. C. Keep the refrigerator temperature at or below 40°F. D. Unless you plan to cook it within 48 hours of purchase, store fresh fish and poultry in the freezer.
B. discard fresh eggs in shell if not consumed within 3 to 5 days
Which component of the blood is essential in transporting oxygen to body cells? A. leukocytes B. erythrocytes C. platelets D. plasma
B. erythrocytes
Which of the following is an excellent source of vitamin K? A. citrus fruits B. green leafy vegetables C. beef D. fatty fish
B. green leafy vegetables
Which of the following is NOT a common storage site in the body for iron? A. spleen B. kidney C. liver D. bone marrow
B. kidney
Fatty-acids provide MOST of the energy for A. participation in a marathon. B. long-term activity such as hiking. C. high-intensity, short-term activity. D. sprinting in a 1500-meter race.
B. long-term activity such as hiking.
On food packaging, the use by date is the A. last date on which a product can be sold and still maintain its quality during normal home storage. B. date on which the food should be frozen or discarded. C. last date that a food will maintain its best flavor and quality. D. last date on which a food is recommended for consumption.
D. last date on which a food is recommended for consumption.
Newborns receive a single injection of vitamin K at birth because A. newborns cannot absorb any of the vitamin K from breast milk or formula. B. breast milk is a poor source of vitamin K. C. the trauma of labor and delivery depletes the newborn's vitamin K stores. D. newborns do not have enough mature GI flora to make vitamin K.
D. newborns do not have enough mature GI flora to make vitamin K.
The coexistence of an eating disorder, a sleep disorder, and a mood disorder characterizes A. binge-eating disorder. B. body dysmorphic disorder. C. the female athlete triad. D. night-eating syndrome.
D. night-eating syndrome
Bone cells that are responsible for bone resorption are called A. osteoblasts. B. hydroxyapatites. C. leukocytes. D. osteoclasts.
D. osteoclasts
People with a BMI between 25 and 29.9 kg/m2 are considered A. normal weight. B. morbidly obese. C. obese. D. overweight.
D. overweight
The intensity of a physical activity is defined as A. how often a training session occurs. B. the availability of ATP for energy. C. how long a training session lasts. D. the amount of effort expended.
D. the amount of effort expended
Pesticides are a family of chemicals A. added to foods to help prevent microbial spoilage and enzymatic deterioration. B. added to foods to enhance them in some way. C. produced by microorganisms that harm tissues and elicit an immune response. D. used in the field and in storage areas to decrease destruction caused by weeds, insects, and microorganisms.
D. used in the field and in storage areas to decrease destruction caused by weeds, insects, and microorganisms
The leading cause of blindness in children is A. iodine deficiency. B. iron deficiency. C. vitamin C deficiency. D. vitamin A deficiency.
D. vitamin A deficiency.
Which of the following is NOT considered a basal function? A. circulation of your blood and lymph B. maintaining your body temperature C. respiration (inhaling and exhaling air) D. walking up stairs
D. walking up stairs
Which of the following BEST exemplifies mindful eating? A. Even though she doesn't like the taste of the stew she is eating, Kathrin reminds herself to be grateful that she has any food to eat at all. B. While eating a bowl of stew, Kathrin is mindful of the people around her, their food choices, and their conversation. C. Before beginning to eat a bowl of stew, Kathrin pauses to reflect on the farmers who grew the ingredients, and the soil, sunlight, and water that contributed to its growth. D. While eating a bowl of stew, Kathrin notices how it warms her mouth and how the fragrances and flavors of garlic and thyme feel comforting to her.
D. while eating a bowl of stew, Kathrin notices how it warms her mouth and how the fragrances and flavors of garlic and thyme feel comforting to her.
How is physical activity related to physical fitness? A. Low-intensity physical activities such as gardening and housekeeping do not contribute to physical fitness. B. Physical activity promotes physical fitness. C. Physical activity must be aerobic to increase physical fitness. D. Physical activity that is not purposeful, planned, and structured does not promote physical fitness.
B. physical activity promotes physical fitness
The amount of energy expended by the body in digesting, absorbing, transporting, metabolizing, and storing nutrients is called A. adaptive thermogenesis. B. the thermic effect of food. C. the basal metabolic rate. D. the nutrient expenditure quotient.
B. the thermic effect of food.
Approximately what percentage of our total energy output is attributable to the thermic effect of food? A. up to 40 percent B. up to 10 percent C. up to 20 percent D. up to 30 percent
B. up to 10 percent
Which of the following BEST describes exercise? A. any movement produced by muscles that increases energy expenditure B. ability to move a joint fluidly through the complete range of motion C. leisure physical activity that is purposeful, planned, and structured D. maximal force or tension level that can be produced by a muscle group
C. leisure physical activity that is purposeful, planned, and structured
Physical activity NOT related to a person's occupation is known as A. nonoccupational physical activity. B. physical fitness. C. leisure-time physical activity. D. compulsory physical activity.
C. leisure-time physical activity.
A body weight that exceeds 100% of the normal standard for a given height is called A. overweight. B. severe obesity. C. morbid obesity. D. obesity.
C. morbid obesity
The two primary types of toxins associated with foodborne illness affect the A. skeletal system and respiratory system. B. skin and joints. C. nervous system and gastrointestinal system. D. lymph and tendons.
C. nervous system and gastrointestinal system.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), what ratio of Americans experience foodborne illness annually? A. one in ten B. one in fourteen C. one in six D. nearly one in twenty
C. one in six
Serena is 5'8" tall and weighs 180 pounds. Serena's BMI indicates that she is A. at a healthy weight. B. underweight. C. overweight. D. obese.
C. overweight
Which of the following statements about genetics and body weight is TRUE? A. The gene now known to cause obesity is the FTO gene. B. Researchers have identified the so-called thrifty gene as the FTO gene. C. People who carry the FTO gene may experience higher levels of hunger than people who do not. D. Approximately 15% to 25% of people are thought to carry the FTO gene.
C. people who carry the FTO gene may experience higher levels of hunger than people who do not.
The goals of the recent "food movement" include A. subsidizing grain crops and increasing centralization of food production. B. producing more genetically modified crops and providing financial incentives for corporate farmers. C. protecting the environment and reducing food supply monopolies. D. developing high-yield varieties of grains and new fertilizers and pesticides.
C. protecting the environment and reducing food supply monopolies.
A vitamin D deficiency in childhood may result in which disease characterized by inadequate mineralization of the skeleton? A. kyphosis B. osteomalacia C. rickets D. osteoporosis
C. rickets
The thrifty gene theory suggests that A. our weight is influenced by the inheritance of random genetic mutations. B. our bodies are designed to maintain weight within a narrow range. C. some people possess a gene that causes them to expend less energy than other people. D. adult body weight is determined by the weight of our parents.
C. some people possess a gene that causes them to expend less energy than other people
Marco wants to improve his cardiorespiratory fitness. Which type of activity would be the MOST effective to achieve this goal? A. resistance training three times a week B. weight lifting every other day C. swimming three times a week D. yoga four times a week
C. swimming three times a week
Which of the following is NOT an effective strategy for reducing exposure to growth hormones and antibiotics? A. eating vegetarian and vegan meals more often B. eating free-range meat from animals not fed hormones or antibiotics C. switching from ground beef to ground pork D. choosing organic eggs, milk, yogurt, and cheese
C. switching from ground beef to ground pork
Which of the following federal programs focuses on increasing inner-city residents' access to nourishing food? A. the USDA's National School Lunch Program B. the USDA's Commodity Supplemental Food Program C. the CDC's Healthy Corner Stores initiative D. the USDA's Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)
C. the CDC's Healthy Corner Stores initiative
The oxygen-carrying protein found in red blood cells is called A. hemoglobin. B. myoglobin. C. homocysteine. D. hemocysteine.
A. hemoglobin
Compared to light-skinned individuals, individuals with darker skin have more difficulty synthesizing vitamin D. True False
True
There are very few natural food sources of vitamin D. True False
True
The MOST common micronutrient deficiency in the world is A. sodium. B. iron. C. calcium. D. selenium.
B. iron.
The majority of our body's fluoride is stored in A. interstitial fluid. B. the bones and teeth. C. the blood. D. the liver.
B. the bones and teeth
In 2014, approximately what percentage of U.S. households experienced food insecurity? A. 9% B. 5% C. 14.% D. 2%
C. 14.%
Which of the following is the leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States? A. prions B. E. coli C. mold D. norovirus
D. norovirus
The primary determinant of basal metabolic rate is an individual's A. fat body mass. B. gender. C. age. D. lean body mass.
D. lean body mass.
BMI is a measurement used to determine a person's body composition. True False
False
Which of the following is a species of bacteria responsible for the greatest number of deaths from foodborne illness? A. Salmonella B. Staphylococcus aureus C. Toxoplasma gondii D. E. coli
A. Salmonella
While shopping, Jenna decided to purchase a bag of coffee bearing the Fair Trade Certified logo. What does this mean? A. The coffee was produced by a business that has been certified as paying workers a living wage and providing humane working conditions and is supported in using sustainable methods of production. B. Profits from the sale of this coffee will be redistributed equitably to the workers who produced it. C. The coffee was produced without the use of toxic and persistent pesticides or synthetic fertilizers, and farm workers were humanely treated and paid the equivalent of the U.S. minimum wage. D. No child labor was used in growing or harvesting this coffee.
A. The coffee was produced by a business that has been certified as paying workers a living wage and providing humane working conditions and is supported in using sustainable methods of production.
Currently, the world's population is A. about 7 billion. B. about 9.7 billion. C. about 70 billion. D. about 970 million.
A. about 7 billion.
Leptin is a hormone that tends to reduce food intake. It is produced by what kind of cells? A. adipose cells B. muscle cells C. pancreatic cells D. liver cells
A. adipose cells
Many ergogenic aids claim to be anabolic, meaning that they A. build muscle and increase strength. B. contain testosterone. C. build cardiorespiratory capacity and maximize energy use. D. are steroids.
A. build muscle and increase strength.
Which of the following is NOT TRUE about cool-down exercise after an exercise session? A. causes fatigue B. helps to reduce muscle soreness C. helps to prevent injury D. involves stretching
A. causes fatigue
The program in which a farmer sells a certain number of regular "shares" of locally grown food to the public is known as A. community supported agriculture. B. slow food. C. fair trade. D. farmers markets.
A. community supported agriculture.
After about three seconds of exercise, which substance is broken down to help regenerate ATP? A. creatine phosphate (CP) B. lactic acid C. glucose D. pyruvic acid
A. creatine phosphate (CP)
Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with the female athlete triad? A. diabetes mellitus B. menstrual dysfunction C. osteoporosis D. disordered eating
A. diabetes mellitus
Substances used to improve overall exercise and athletic performance are known as A. ergogenic aids. B. energetic aids. C. ergonomic aids. D. glycogenic aids.
A. ergogenic aids
Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of bulimia nervosa? A. frequent episodes of extreme overeating followed by purging B. intense fear of weight gain C. frequent and uncompensated episodes of extreme overeating D. restrictive eating pattern
A. frequent episodes of extreme overeating followed by purging
The increase in temperature that has occurred near the earth's surface over the past century is known as A. global warming. B. thermal instability. C. global thermogenesis. D. climate change.
A. global warming.
The risks and benefits of the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is a topic of much debate. Which of the following is a benefit of GMOs? A. higher crop yields B. increased biodiversity C. reduction in the growth of superweeds D. increased competition and diversity of agricultural technology companies
A. higher crop yields
Some athletes use caffeine to enhance their athletic performance because it has been shown to A. increase the use of fat as a fuel source. B. increase the uptake of glucose by muscle cells. C. regenerate ATP for energy. D. increase muscle flexibility and strength.
A. increase the use of fat as a fuel source.
Being underweight increases a person's risk of developing A. infection and illness. B. high blood pressure. C. type 1 diabetes. D. cancer.
A. infection and illness.
When oxygen is scarce, cellular pyruvic acid is converted to A. lactic acid. B. ATP. C. fatty acids. D. glucose.
A. lactic acid.
Microorganisms that benefit from and harm their hosts are called A. parasites. B. prions. C. toxins. D. fungi.
A. parasites.
Chemicals that accumulate in soil and water as a result of car emissions, improperly disposed waste, industry, and agriculture are known as A. persistent organic pollutants. B. greenhouse gases. C. food residues. D. mycotoxins.
A. persistent organic pollutants
Which of the following agricultural practices helps to maintain food diversity? A. planting traditional local species of edible plants B. replacing food crops with cash crops C. increased use of genetically modified crops D. planting high-yield varieties of grain
A. planting traditional local species of edible plants
The fluid portion of the blood is called A. plasma. B. lymph. C. platelets. D. hemoglobin.
A. plasma
Which of the following is NOT a function of calcium? A. stimulating osteoclasts to break down bone B. muscle contraction C. maintenance of blood pressure D. transmission of nerve impulses
A. stimulating osteoclasts to break down bone
What is the primary cause of global undernutrition? A. unequal distribution of food due to poverty B. global food shortages C. inadequate transportation networks D. failure of the green revolution to diversify crops
A. unequal distribution of food due to poverty
Which of the following organs is NOT involved in the synthesis of vitamin D? A. liver B. skin C. heart D. kidneys
C. heart
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a foodborne illness? A. illness caused by ingesting food or water containing a toxic substance B. illness caused by ingesting a water-borne microorganism C. an illness caused by an allergic reaction to a food D. an illness caused by ingesting a food with bacteria or other infectious agent
C. an illness caused by an allergic reaction to a food
In addition to proper growth and development, bone remodeling is critical in maintaining A. blood coagulation. B. blood glucose levels. C. blood calcium levels. D. vitamin D production.
C. blood calcium levels.
An apple-shaped fat pattern increases a person's risk for which kind of disease? A. gastrointestinal B. respiratory C. cardiovascular D. liver
C. cardiovascular
A limitation in using the body mass index is that it A. is not a good indicator of health risks. B. is difficult to determine. C. does not take body composition into account. D. is not accurate when used on women.
C. does not take body composition into account
In a state of energy balance A. energy consumed is less than energy expended in physical activity. B. energy consumed is greater than energy expended. C. energy consumed is equal to energy expended. D. energy expended is greater than energy consumed.
C. energy consumed is equal to energy expended
A severe food shortage affecting a large percentage of a population within a given area at a particular time is known as a A. food/population imbalance. B. natural disaster. C. famine. D. nutrition paradox.
C. famine.
Which of the following is the primary dietary source of vitamin D in the United States? A. fatty fish B. green leafy vegetables C. fortified foods D. cod liver oil
C. fortified foods
The post-World War II program to increase worldwide food production through industrial farming techniques is known as the A. agricultural revolution. B. sustainable agriculture movement. C. green revolution. D. Industrial Revolution.
C. green revolution.
A multistep protocol used to identify and control potential threats to food-safety is the A. Food Safety Modernization system. B. Integrative Food-Safety Control system. C. Farm-to-Table Through-Point Control system. D. Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point system.
D. Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point system.
According to a recent survey, what percentage of community college students had gone hungry in the past 30 days because of lack of money? A. 2% B. 16% C. 8% D. 22%
D. 22%
To reduce the global emission of greenhouse gases, which of the following would be the MOST effective and practical lifestyle change for most Americans? A. Drive an electric vehicle. B. Opt for polystyrene (Styrofoam) food containers instead of clear plastic. C. Carry your groceries in a reusable canvas bag. D. Decrease your consumption of beef.
D. Decrease your consumption of beef.
Even people who get plenty of sun exposure year-round need to consume vitamin D in foods or supplements. True False
False
"Good" food is nutrient-dense food that is equitably and sustainably produced, distributed, and sold. True False
True
An individual's body composition refers to the amount of fat tissue mass as compared with lean tissue mass. True False
True
Certified organic farms must avoid the use of synthetic fertilizers and toxic pesticides. True False
True