Nutrition Final Practice Questions

What dietary information should the nurse include in the teaching plan for parents of an infant with galactosemia? Select all that apply. a. Eliminate milk b. Substitute meat for eggs c. Provide soybean-based formulas d. Avoid baby cereals containing wheat flour e. Give prescribed pancreatic enzyme capsules with meals

a. Eliminate milk c. Provide soybean-based formulas

An obese client with a hiatal hernia asks the nurse how to prevent esophageal reflux. Which is the nurse's best response? a. "Lie down after eating." b. "Eat less food at each meal." c. "Increase your intake of fat." d. "Drink more fluid with each meal."

b. "Eat less food at each meal."

A client with diabetes states, "I cannot eat big meals; I prefer to snack throughout the day." What information should the nurse include in response to this client's statement? a. Regulated food intake is basic to control b. Salt and sugar restriction is the main concern c. Small, frequent meals are better for digestion d. Large meals can contribute to a weight problem

a. Regulated food intake is basic to control

A nurse is obtaining a health history from a client with the diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease. Which client statement provides evidence to support the identification of a possible contributory factor? a. "My blood type is A positive." b. "I smoke one pack of cigarettes a day." c. "I have been overweight most of my life." d. "My blood pressure has been high lately."

b. "I smoke one pack of cigarettes a day."

The school nurse is planning to teach a class about nutrition and to recommend healthy snacks and food choices to children. Which age group will be most receptive to this information? a. 6-year-old children b. 8-year-old children c. 11-year-old children d. 15-year-old children

b. 8-year-old children

To prevent bleeding after a suprapubic prostatectomy, the client should be instructed to avoid straining on defecation. Which foods should the nurse encourage the client to eat to help prevent constipation during the recovery period? Select all that apply. a. Milk b. Apples c. Oatmeal d. Green peas e. Scrambled eggs

b. Apples c. Oatmeal d. Green peas

What should a nurse include in nutritional planning for a newly pregnant woman of average height who weighs 145 lb (65.8 kg)? a. A decrease of 100 calories per day b. A decrease of 200 calories per day c. An increase of 300 calories per day d. An increase of 500 calories per day

c. An increase of 300 calories per day

The parent of a 5-month-old infant asks the nurse in the well-baby clinic the order in which new foods should be introduced. What does the nurse say are the best foods for an infant of this age, after cereal has been introduced? a. Boiled eggs b. Mashed fish c. Pureed meats d. Strained vegetables

d. Strained vegetables

A 2-month-old infant is admitted to the pediatric unit with gastroenteritis and dehydration. Which assessment finding should the nurse anticipate? a. Bulging fontanels b. Marked restlessness c. Resilient tissue turgor d. Tachycardia

d. Tachycardia

What type of diet is recommended for clients on hemodialysis?

Foods high or moderately high in carbohydrates and low in protein, sodium, and potassium are encouraged for clients on hemodialysis.

The parent of a 2-year-old child with just-diagnosed cystic fibrosis expresses concern about the child's frailty and low weight. What is the most appropriate reply by the nurse? a. "Digestive enzymes will be given to help your child digest food." b. "Your child's appetite will improve once respiratory therapy is started." c. "Your child's coughing and shortness of breath prevent adequate chewing of food." d. "I suggest that you offer baby foods to your child because they are more easily digested."

a. "Digestive enzymes will be given to help your child digest food."

What should the nurse teach parents about their newborn's diagnosis of phenylketonuria (PKU)? a. A low-phenylalanine diet is required. b. Phenylalanine is not necessary for growth. c. Phenylalanine can be administered to correct the deficiency. d. A substitute for phenylalanine is an increased amount of other amino acids

a. A low-phenylalanine diet is required.

A nurse is caring for a client with Addison disease. Which dietary instruction should the nurse teach the client to follow? a. Add extra salt to food b. Consume high-potassium foods c. Omit protein foods at each meal d. Restrict the daily intake of fluids to 1 L

a. Add extra salt to food

Which dietary modifications can help improve the nutritional status of a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)? a. Refraining from consuming fatty foods b. Refraining from consuming frequent meals c. Refraining from consuming high-calorie foods d. Refraining from consuming high-protein foods

a. Refraining from consuming fatty foods

A nurse reviews the plan of care for a client who is recovering from the acute phase of left ventricular failure. Which dietary restriction will the nurse expect to be included in the plan? a. Sodium b. Calcium c. Potassium d. Magnesium

a. Sodium

An infant is to be discharged after surgery for pyloric stenosis. What instructions should the nurse give the parents? a. "Offer the baby creamy cereal at each feeding, and follow it with a regular formula." b. "Hold the baby while continuing to feed a regular formula slowly and burp frequently." c. "Allow the baby to drink about 1 oz (30 mL) of a regular formula per hour for a week, and progress slowly to larger amounts." d. "Place the baby on the right side in the crib during feedings with regular formula, and minimize handling for 2 hours after feeding."

b. "Hold the baby while continuing to feed a regular formula slowly and burp frequently."

A client with cancer of the colon had surgery for a resection of the tumor and the creation of a colostomy. During the six-week postoperative checkup, the nurse teaches the client about nutrition. Which response by the client indicates learning has taken place? a. "I should follow a diet that is rich in protein." "b. I should follow a diet that is low in sodium content." c. "I should follow a diet that is as close to usual as possible." d. "I should follow a diet that is higher in calories than before."

c. "I should follow a diet that is as close to usual as possible."

A nursing instructor asks a nursing student to explain the developmental needs of toddlers. Which statement by the student indicates a need for further teaching? Select all that apply. a. "They need fewer calories." b. "They have a decreased appetite." c. "They are easy to please with food." d. "They are growing at an increased rate." e. "They need calcium for healthy bone growth."

c. "They are easy to please with food." d. "They are growing at an increased rate."

What major cause of iron-deficiency anemia should the nurse include when planning a discussion with an infant's parents? a. Blood disorders b. Overfeeding of milk c. Lack of adequate iron reserves from the mother d. Introduction of solid foods too early for adequate absorption

b. Overfeeding of milk

A 9-year-old child who has successfully completed the emergency (resuscitative) phase of treatment for a severe burn injury is started on a high-protein, high-calorie diet. Which snacks should the nurse encourage between meals? Select all that apply. a. Crackers and cheese b. White bread and honey c. Orange juice and cookies d. Banana pudding and whipped cream e. Frozen yogurt and chocolate sprinkles

a. Crackers and cheese d. Banana pudding and whipped cream e. Frozen yogurt and chocolate sprinkles

A client with chronic heart failure is taking a diuretic twice a day. The healthcare provider prescribes a diet that includes the intake of dietary potassium. Which foods should the nurse instruct the client to consume? Select all that apply. a. Corn b. Bananas c. Strawberries d. Cucumber salad e. Baked potatoes with skins

b. Bananas e. Baked potatoes with skins

A client is diagnosed with gastroenteritis. What does the nurse determine is the basic intention underlying the unique dietary management for this client? a. Provide optimal amounts of all important nutrients. b. Increase the amount of bulk and roughage in the diet. c. Eliminate chemical, mechanical, and thermal irritation. d. Promote psychological support by offering a wide variety of foods

c. Eliminate chemical, mechanical, and thermal irritation.

A nurse is caring for a school-aged child with nephrotic syndrome who has massive edema. The nurse teaches the parents about the low-sodium diet that has been ordered. Which food group has the lowest level of sodium compared with the other food groups? a. Meat b. Dairy c. Fresh fruit d. Fresh vegetables

c. Fresh fruit

What type of diet should be encouraged in patient with AIDS?

The client should be encouraged to eat small and frequent meals to improve nutritional status. High-calorie and high-protein foods are beneficial to clients with AIDS because they provide energy and build immunity.

A nurse is educating a group of mothers about the nutritional needs of toddlers. Which of these statements made by a mother indicate the need for further teaching? Select all that apply. a. "I need to give more than 24 ounces of milk per day." b. "I should provide more calories from fats than proteins." c. "I should refrain from giving grapes, nuts, and raw vegetables." d. "I should give foods rich in calcium and phosphorus for healthy bone growth." e. "I should try to give small, frequent meals consisting of breakfast, lunch, and dinner."

a. "I need to give more than 24 ounces of milk per day." b. "I should provide more calories from fats than proteins."

A nurse instructs a client with a history of frequent urinary tract infections to drink cranberry juice. Which goal is the nurse trying to achieve with this suggestion? a. Exert a bactericidal effect against the bacteria b. Prevent bacterial attachment to the bladder wall c. Improve glomerular filtration rate d. Relieve the symptoms of dysuria

b. Prevent bacterial attachment to the bladder wall

A client diagnosed with depression is prescribed phenelzine. Which foods consumed along with this drug would cause a hypertensive crisis? Select all that apply. a. Yogurt b. Soy sauce c. Cream cheese d. Soybean paste e. Over-rippened bananas

b. Soy sauce d. Soybean paste e. Over-rippened bananas

A nurse determines that a client in the acute phase of burns has eaten only a small portion of each meal. What should the nurse assess for in this client? a. Dehydration b. Dry brittle hair c. Prolonged wound healing d. Clubbing of the fingertips

c. Prolonged wound healing

A nurse is teaching menu planning to a client who has a high triglyceride level. Which item avoided by the client indicates that teaching about foods that are high in saturated fat is understood? a. Fruits b. Grains c. Red meat d. Vegetable oils

c. Red meat

A nurse is caring for an elderly client who has constipation. Which independent nursing intervention helps to reestablish a normal bowel pattern? a. Administer a mineral oil enema. b. Offer 1 cup of fluid every hour. c. Manually remove fecal impactions. d. Offer a cup of prune juice

d. Offer a cup of prune juice

Three days after admission to the hospital for a brain attack (cerebrovascular accident, CVA), a client has a nasogastric tube inserted and is receiving continuous tube feedings. Which action should the nurse take to best evaluate whether the feeding is being absorbed? a. Aspirate for a residual volume b. Evaluate the intake in relation to the output c. Instill air into the client's stomach while auscultating d. Compare the client's body weight with the baseline data

a. Aspirate for a residual volume

A client is to receive total parenteral nutrition (TPN) via a central venous access device/catheter. What information about this treatment would the nurse recognize as accurate? a. The jugular vein is the most commonly used catheter insertion site. b. The TPN may be administered intermittently rather than continuously. c. The client will experience a moderate amount of pain during the procedure. d. Catheter placement must be confirmed by fluoroscopy before the TPN is initiated

b. The TPN may be administered intermittently rather than continuously.

An older adult is hospitalized for weight loss and dehydration because of nutritional deficits. What should the nurse consider when planning care for this client? a. Financial resources usually are unrelated to nutritional status b. An older adult's daily fluid intake must be markedly increased c. The client's diet should be high in carbohydrates and low in proteins d. The nutritional needs of an older adult are basically unchanged except for a decreased need for calories

d. The nutritional needs of an older adult are basically unchanged except for a decreased need for calories

What should the nurse teach parents is the most important influence on the eating habits of early school-aged children? a. Smell and appearance of food b. Availability of food selections c. Food preferences of the peer group d. Example of parents and siblings at mealtimes

d. Example of parents and siblings at mealtimes

A nurse is evaluating a client who has been receiving medical intervention for the diagnosis of Crohn disease. Which expected outcome is most important for this client? a. Does skin care b. Takes oral fluids c. Experiences less abdominal cramping d. Gains a half pound (0.2 kilograms) per week

d. Gains a half pound (0.2 kilograms) per week

A nurse is caring for a client who had surgery for cancer of the pancreas. Which nutrients will the nurse most closely observe after surgery? a. Beef and chicken b. Proteins and grains c. Vitamins and minerals d. Fats and carbohydrates

d. Fats and carbohydrates

A nurse teaches a client with calcium-based renal calculi about foods that can be eaten on a low-calcium diet. The nurse concludes that the teaching is effective when the client selects which food items from the menu? Select all that apply. a. Baked chicken b. Chocolate pudding c. Salmon loaf with cheese sauce d. Roast beef with mashed potato e. Vanilla ice cream with chocolate syrup

a. Baked chicken d. Roast beef with mashed potato

A self-help group of clients with irritable bowel syndrome have invited a nurse to present a program on nutrition. Which substance should the nurse teach the clients to minimize in the diet to decrease gastrointestinal (GI) irritability? a. Cola drinks b. Gelatin c. Fiber d. Rice

a. Cola drinks

A client with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) should make diet and lifestyle changes. Which instructions should the nurse include in the client's discharge teaching? Select all that apply. a. Encourage to quit smoking b.Elevate the foot of the bed c. Avoid caffeine-containing products d. Eat three large, evenly spaced meals daily e. Avoid lying down for 2 to 3 hours after eating

a. Encourage to quit smoking c. Avoid caffeine-containing products e. Avoid lying down for 2 to 3 hours after eating

A client with heart failure is on a drug regimen of digoxin and furosemide. The client dislikes oranges and bananas. Which fruit should the nurse encourage the client to eat? a. Apples b. Grapes c. Cantaloupe d. Cranberries

c. Cantaloupe

The nurse provides discharge teaching to a client who has received prescriptions for digoxin, furosemide, and a 2-gram sodium diet. Which statement from the client indicates that further teaching is needed? a. "I must check my pulse every day." b. "I can gradually increase my exercise as long as I take rest periods." c. "I should call my healthcare provider if I have difficulty breathing when I am lying flat." d. "I can use a little table salt on my food as long as I do not use it when cooking food."

d. "I can use a little table salt on my food as long as I do not use it when cooking food."

A client with chronic kidney disease is admitted to the hospital with severe infection and anemia. The client is depressed and irritable. The client's spouse asks the nurse about the anticipated plan of care. Which is an appropriate nursing response? a. "The staff will provide total care, because the infection causes b. "Mood elevators will be prescribed to improve depression and irritability." c. "Vitamin B₁₂ will be prescribed for the anemia, and the stools will be dark." d. "The intake of meat, eggs, and cheese will be restricted so the kidneys can clear the body of waste products."

d. "The intake of meat, eggs, and cheese will be restricted so the kidneys can clear the body of waste products."

A client with a high cholesterol level says to the nurse, "Why can't the doctor just give me a medication to eliminate all the cholesterol in my body so it isn't a problem?" Which factor related to why cholesterol is important in the human body should the nurse include in a response to the client's question? a. Blood clotting b. Bone formation c. Muscle contraction d. Cellular membranes

d. Cellular membranes

A client is placed on a heart-healthy diet to control the intake of saturated fats and cholesterol. Which information should the nurse include in a teaching plan to explain best the dietary nature of this diet? a. Polyunsaturated fats come from animal foods such as meat. b. Plant sources of cholesterol must be limited in the daily diet. c. Saturated fats come from plant foods, such as seeds and grains. d. Cholesterol is a necessary body constituent and cannot be eliminated.

d. Cholesterol is a necessary body constituent and cannot be eliminated.

A client on a 2-gram sodium diet states, "I never add salt to my food when I cook. I just need help selecting low-sodium foods." After receiving dietary education, the client creates sample menus. Which meal selection will cause the nurse to intervene? a. Soft-cooked egg, toast, jelly, skim milk b. Baked chicken, boiled potatoes, broccoli, coffee c. Fillet of sole, baked potato, fresh fruit cup (berries and melons) d. Cottage cheese, crackers, relish dish (celery, olives, sweet pickles)

d. Cottage cheese, crackers, relish dish (celery, olives, sweet pickles)

The primary healthcare provider instructs the client to increase their intake of seafood and protein in the diet. What could be the reason for this instruction? a. The client has vitiligo. b. The client has hypothyroidism. c. The client has diabetes mellitus. d. The client has a urinary infection.

b. The client has hypothyroidism.

The parents of a newborn with phenylketonuria (PKU) need help and support in adhering to specific dietary restrictions. They ask the nurse, "How long will our child have to be on this diet?" How should the nurse respond? a. "We're still not sure; you should discuss this with your healthcare provider." b. "If your baby does well, foods containing protein can gradually be introduced." c. "Your child needs to be on this diet at least through adolescence and into adulthood." d. "This is a lifelong problem, and it is recommended that dietary restrictions be continued for life."

d. "This is a lifelong problem, and it is recommended that dietary restrictions be continued for life."

A pregnant client with diabetes is referred to the dietitian in the prenatal clinic for nutritional assessment and counseling. What should the nurse emphasize when reinforcing the client's dietary program? a. The need to increase high-quality protein and decrease fats b. The need to increase carbohydrates to meet energy demands and prevent ketosis c. The need to eat a low-calorie diet that maintains the current insulin coverage and helps prevent hyperglycemia d. The need to eat a pregnancy diet that meets increased dietary needs and to adjust the insulin dosage as necessary

d. The need to eat a pregnancy diet that meets increased dietary needs and to adjust the insulin dosage as necessary

A nurse reviews the plan of care for a client with less than adequate nutritional intake. The nurse should question which prescription? a. Have client sit in a chair for meals b. Provide six small feedings in 24 hours c. Give one can of diet supplement at 8:00 AM and 4:00 PM d. Encourage the client's family members to bring food from home

c. Give one can of diet supplement at 8:00 AM and 4:00 PM

A diet that contains restricted amounts of protein, sodium, and potassium has been prescribed for a client with end-stage renal disease who is receiving dialysis. The nurse is providing dietary instructions. Which statement by the client indicates that the teaching is effective? a. "I should avoid using salt substitutes." b. "I should exclude meat from my diet." c. "I may not add seasoning to my food." d. "I may eat low-sodium canned vegetables."

a. "I should avoid using salt substitutes."

The nurse is providing instructions to a client who is on isocarboxazid for depression. Which statements made by the client indicate effective learning? Select all that apply. a. "I will include yogurt in my diet." b. "I will avoid soy sauce in my diet." c. "I will avoid pepperoni in my diet." d. "I will include cream cheese in my diet." e. "I will avoid fermented bean curd in my diet."

a. "I will include yogurt in my diet." d. "I will include cream cheese in my diet." e. "I will avoid fermented bean curd in my diet."

A 2 g sodium diet is prescribed for a client with stage 2 hypertension, and the nurse teaches the client the rationale for this diet. The client reports distaste for the food. The primary nurse hears the client request that the family "bring in a ham and cheese sandwich and fries." What is the most effective nursing intervention? a. Discuss the diet with the client and family b. Tell the client why salty foods should not be eaten c. Explain the dietary restrictions to the client's visitors d. Ask the dietician to teach the client and family about sodium restrictions

a. Discuss the diet with the client and family

During a regular checkup, a pregnant client reports constipation. Which strategies should the nurse recommend? Select all that apply. a. Exercise regularly b. Take a mild laxative before breakfast c. Drink at least one caffeinated beverage daily d. Add a few tablespoons of wheat bran to cereal at breakfast e. Plan to have a bowel movement at the same time every day

a. Exercise regularly d. Add a few tablespoons of wheat bran to cereal at breakfast e. Plan to have a bowel movement at the same time every day

A nurse is teaching a 15-year-old adolescent with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes about self-care. What is the primary long-term goal this nurse and client should agree on? a. Maintaining normoglycemia b. Complying with the diabetic diet c. Adhering to an exercise program d. Developing a nonstressful lifestyle

a. Maintaining normoglycemia

The nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who is receiving hemodialysis. What should the nurse encourage the client to include in the dietary plan? a. Rice b. Potatoes c. Canned salmon d. Barbecued beef

a. Rice

A nurse is providing dietary instruction to a client with cardiovascular disease. Which dietary selection by the client indicates that the nurse needs to follow up? a. Whole milk with oatmeal b. Garden salad with olive oil c. Tuna fish with a small apple d. Soluble fiber cereal with yogurt

a. Whole milk with oatmeal

A nurse provides education to a client about how to prevent constipation. The nurse concludes that the teaching is understood when the client makes which statements? Select all that apply. a. "I may eat potatoes at dinner daily." b. "I should drink at least six glasses of water every day." c. "I must eat eggs for breakfast three times a week." d. "I can include bran muffins in my breakfast daily." e. "I will walk every day as part of my exercise regimen."

b. "I should drink at least six glasses of water every day." d. "I can include bran muffins in my breakfast daily." e. "I will walk every day as part of my exercise regimen."

The nurse is reviewing discharge instructions for a mother whose school-aged child was recently found to have celiac disease. Which statements by the mother demonstrate understanding of the child's nutritional needs? Select all that apply. a. "Rolled-up lunch meat with cheese is a good alternative to sandwiches." b. "I'll try to provide meals that are lower in fats and higher in carbohydrates." c. "I'll start giving her milk with meals so she gets enough calcium in her diet." d. "She loves raw carrots for snacking, so I'll have to avoid those when the disease is worse." e. "I'll be sure to look at the labels more closely from now on—we need to avoid hydrolyzed vegetable protein."

b. "I'll try to provide meals that are lower in fats and higher in carbohydrates." d. "She loves raw carrots for snacking, so I'll have to avoid those when the disease is worse." e. "I'll be sure to look at the labels more closely from now on—we need to avoid hydrolyzed vegetable protein."

The clinic nurse is reviewing the dietary intake of a 16-year-old client who is 12 weeks pregnant. What is the nurse's most appropriate action in this circumstance? a. Asking the client, "Do you like soy or regular milk products?" b. Asking the client, "How many servings of dairy do you generally consume each day?" c. Telling the client, "You may eat yogurt or dried figs as alternative sources of calcium." d. Telling the client, "You will need to add at least four servings of calcium-rich foods per day."

b. Asking the client, "How many servings of dairy do you generally consume each day?"

A nurse provides dietary instruction to a client who has iron deficiency anemia. Which food choices by the client does the nurse consider most desirable? Select all that apply. a. Raw carrots b. Boiled spinach c. Roasted potatoes d. Brussels sprouts e. Asparagus spears

b. Boiled spinach c. Roasted potatoes

A client had part of the ileum surgically removed. The nurse monitors the client closely for anemia. What is the rationale for the nurse's action? a. Folic acid is absorbed in the ileum. b. Cobalamin is absorbed in the ileum. c. Iron absorption is dependent on simultaneous bile salt absorption in the ileum. d. Copper, cobalt, and nickel are dependent on simultaneous bile salt absorption in the ileum.

b. Cobalamin is absorbed in the ileum.

A school-aged child with celiac disease has been eating a gluten-free diet for 2 days. What criterion should the nurse and parent use to determine the effectiveness of the diet? a. Increased appetite b. Decreased irritability c. Maintenance of weight d. Disappearance of steatorrhea

b. Decreased irritability

An infant is born with a cleft lip. What nursing intervention is unique to infants with cleft lip? a. Changing the infant's position often b. Using modified techniques for feeding c. Monitoring the infant's daily intake and output d. Keeping the infant's head elevated during feedings

b. Using modified techniques for feeding

A new mother who is learning about infant feedings asks the nurse how anyone who is breast-feeding gets anything done with a baby feeding on demand. What is the best response by the nurse? a. "Most mothers find that feeding whenever the baby cries works out fine." b. "Perhaps a schedule would be better because the baby is already accustomed to the hospital routine." c. "Babies on demand feedings eventually set a schedule, so there should be time for you to do other things." d. "Most breast-feeding mothers find that their babies do better on demand because the amount of milk ingested varies from feeding to feeding."

c. "Babies on demand feedings eventually set a schedule, so there should be time for you to do other things."

The home health nurse provides education to a client with cancer of the tongue who will begin gastrostomy feedings at home. Which statement by the client indicates teaching by the nurse is effective? a. "Before I start the procedure, I will don sterile gloves." b. "Before I start the procedure, I will obtain my body weight." c. "Before I start the procedure, I will measure the residual volume." d. "Before I start the procedure, I will instill one ounce (30 mL) of a carbonated liquid."

c. "Before I start the procedure, I will measure the residual volume."

The nurse is providing care to a toddler-age client who is admitted to the medical unit with symptoms of mercury poisoning. Which assessment question will help the nurse determine the source of the mercury? a. "What year was your home built?" b. "Do you have plants in your home?" c. "Does your child consume fish in the diet?" d. "Where do you store your cleaning solutions?"

c. "Does your child consume fish in the diet?"

What is the best method for a nurse to use to assess an infant's response to oral rehydration therapy? a. Noting the color of the stools b. Assessing skin turgor frequently c. Obtaining a weight at the same time every day d. Measuring the abdominal girth over the umbilicus

c. Obtaining a weight at the same time every day

The nurse assesses a client for the development of pernicious anemia after reviewing the client's history. Which condition did the nurse most likely find in the history? a. Acute gastritis b. Diabetes mellitus c. Partial gastrectomy d. Unhealthy dietary habits

c. Partial gastrectomy

A client's serum albumin value is 2.8 g/dL (28 g/L). Which food selected by the client indicates that the nurse's dietary teaching is successful? a. Beef broth b. Fruit salad c. Sliced turkey d. Spinach salad

c. Sliced turkey

The nurse instructs a client with a new colostomy to avoid foods and drinks that produce a large amount of gas, specifically to avoid the intake of what? a. Milk b. Cheese c. Coffee d. Cabbage

d. Cabbage

Which information should the nurse include when teaching a client with heart disease about cholesterol? a. Can be found in both plant and animal sources b. Causes an increase in serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) c. Should be eliminated because it causes the disease process d. Decreases when unsaturated fats are substituted for saturated fats

d. Decreases when unsaturated fats are substituted for saturated fats

What feeding instruction should a nurse give the parent of a 2-month-old infant with the diagnosis of heart failure? a. Use double-strength formula b. Avoid using a preemie nipple c. Refrain from feeding until crying from hunger begins d. Feed slowly while allowing time for adequate periods of rest

d. Feed slowly while allowing time for adequate periods of rest

The nurse teaches a mother about the dietary measures to be followed for her 5-month-old infant. During the follow-up visit, the nurse finds that the child has indigestion. Which action by the mother is responsible for this situation? a. Feeding almond milk to the child b. Feeding vegetable juice to the child c. Feeding bottle milk at night to the child d. Feeding properly mashed sweet potatoes to the child

d. Feeding properly mashed sweet potatoes to the child

During change of shift report the night nurse indicates that a client cannot tolerate the prescribed intermittent tube feedings. Which action should the receiving nurse take first? a. Suggest that an antiemetic be prescribed b. Change the feeding schedule to omit nights c. Request that the type of solution be changed d. Gather more data from the night nurse about the technique used

d. Gather more data from the night nurse about the technique used

A client with dementia and a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube is being cared for at home. Which action provides evidence that a family member is effectively managing the client's care? a. Empty feeding bag stays attached to the tubing. b. Tube is flushed with air after medication is given. c. Replacement of the tube is done on a weekly basis. d. Head of the bed remains elevated after the feeding

d. Head of the bed remains elevated after the feeding

A client with a diagnosis of gastric cancer has a gastric resection with a vagotomy. Which clinical response should alert the nurse that the client is experiencing dumping syndrome? a. Constipation b. Clay-colored stools c. Sensations of hunger d. Reactive hypoglycemia

d. Reactive hypoglycemia

A nurse is planning to teach an adolescent about diabetes and self-administration of insulin. What should the nurse do first? a. Establish realistic goals. b. Assess the adolescent's intellectual ability. c. Determine what the adolescent knows about diabetes. d. Gather the equipment that will be needed for the demonstration

c. Determine what the adolescent knows about diabetes.

After the surgical creation of an ileostomy, a client is transferred to a rehabilitation unit. The client asks for help in selecting breakfast. What should the nurse encourage the client to eat or drink? a. Hot coffee and oranges b. Shredded wheat and milk c. Toast and western omelet d. Cream of wheat and bananas

d. Cream of wheat and bananas

An obese adult develops an abscess after abdominal surgery. The wound is healing by secondary intention and requires repacking and redressing every 4 hours. Which diet should the nurse expect the healthcare provider to prescribe to best meet this client's immediate nutritional needs? a. Low in fat and vitamin D b. High in calories and fiber c. Low in residue and bland d. High in protein and vitamin C

d. High in protein and vitamin C

A 4-year-old child is found to have Hirschsprung disease (aganglionic megacolon), and the healthcare provider prescribes a special diet. The nurse is assigned to provide dietary instructions for the parents. What diet will the nurse be teaching the parents? a. High-fat b. High-fiber c. Low-calorie d. Low-residue

d. Low-residue

A client has decided to become a total vegetarian (vegan) and wishes to plan a diet to ensure adequate protein quality. What should the nurse recommend to the client? a. Add milk to grains to provide complete proteins b. Use eggs with plant foods to provide essential amino acids c. Add cheese to beans to provide a balance of different proteins d. Use a mixture of plant proteins to provide the essential amino acids

d. Use a mixture of plant proteins to provide the essential amino acids

A client is diagnosed with chronic pancreatitis. Which dietary instruction is most important for the nurse to share with the client? a. Eat a low-fat, low-protein diet b. Avoid foods high in carbohydrates c. Avoid ingesting alcoholic beverages d. Eat a bland diet with no snacks in between

c. Avoid ingesting alcoholic beverages

A child with celiac disease is prescribed a gluten-restricted diet. Which lunch selection for the child indicates that the parent understands the dietary instruction provided by the nurse? a. Frankfurter on a roll, cookies, fat-free milk b. Macaroni and cheese, banana, pineapple juice c. Beef taco, corn, canned peaches, chocolate milk d. Peanut butter sandwich, oatmeal cookies, apple juice

c. Beef taco, corn, canned peaches, chocolate milk

During chemotherapy, altered nutrition is a common side effect. Knowing that compromised nutrition can contribute to an increased risk of infection and other problems, what can the nurse do to offset nutritional deficiencies? a. Provides oral supplements b. Offers the patient's favorite foods c. Restricts intake from dairy products d. Encourages the client to drink low-protein shakes

a. Provides oral supplements

A healthcare provider prescribes dietary and medication therapy for a client with the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). What is most appropriate for the nurse to teach the client about meal management? a. Snack daily in the evenings b. Divide food into four to six meals a day c. Eat the last of three daily meals by 8:00 PM d. Suck a peppermint candy after each meal

b. Divide food into four to six meals a day

An adolescent has been admitted with symptoms of fatigue, intermittent fever, weight loss, and arthralgia, and the diagnosis is systemic lupus erythematosus. What is the best intervention at this time? a. Implementation of corticosteroids b. Education about diet, rest, and exercise c. Sun avoidance and calcium supplements d. Avoidance of destructive coping mechanisms

b. Education about diet, rest, and exercise

A nurse provides nutrition instruction to the parents of a school-aged child with celiac disease, including foods that their child may safely eat. What foods selected by the parents indicate that the teaching has been successful? a. Apple crisp and milk b. Hamburger patty and fries c. Spaghetti and meatballs d. Chicken tenders and sauce

b. Hamburger patty and fries

An older client's colonoscopy reveals the presence of extensive diverticulosis. Which type of diet should the nurse encourage the client to follow? a. Low-fat b. High-fiber c. High-protein d. Low-carbohydrate

b. High-fiber

A nurse is discussing diet with a pregnant client who is 5 feet 4 inches tall (163 cm) and whose pre-pregnancy weight was 120 lb (54 kg). What should the nurse include about the changes in calories and nutrients, compared with the pre-pregnancy diet, during the second trimester? a. Decreasing daily fat consumption by 220 calories b. Increasing total daily caloric intake by 340 calories c. Increasing total daily caloric intake by 460 calories d. Decreasing daily carbohydrate consumption by 130 calories

b. Increasing total daily caloric intake by 340 calories

A client with early-stage cancer of the esophagus is treated with laser therapy. Which type of food should the nurse instruct the client to select when oral intake is permitted? a. Cold b. Liquid c. Low in protein d. Low in calories

b. Liquid

A nurse is caring for a client with hepatic encephalopathy and ascites. Which elements are important to include in this client's diet? Select all that apply. a. High fat b. Low sodium c. High vitamins d. Moderate protein e. Low carbohydrates

b. Low sodium c. High vitamins d. Moderate protein

The parents of a newborn with phenylketonuria (PKU) ask a nurse how to prevent future problems. What must the nurse consider before responding? a. Most important is diagnosis within 2 days after birth b. Most important is the institution of a corrective formula soon after birth c. It depends on whether phenylpyruvic acid is found in the urine 1 week after birth d. It depends on the level of phenylalanine found in the blood immediately after birth

b. Most important is the institution of a corrective formula soon after birth

A nurse advises a client receiving furosemide about potassium intake. Which fruits should the nurse encourage the client to eat? Select all that apply. a. Apple b. Orange c. Banana d. Pineapple e. Dried fruits

b. Orange c. Banana e. Dried fruits

nurse teaches the mother of a newborn with phenylketonuria (PKU) why it is important to restrict the amount of phenylalanine in her infant's formula. Because all proteins contain this essential amino acid, the nurse suggests appropriate formulas. Which formulas are safe for this infant? Select all that apply. a. Isomil b. Phenex c. Enfamil d. Prosobee e. Lofenalac

b. Phenex e. Lofenalac

An adolescent who has just been found to have type 1 diabetes asks a nurse about exercise. What is the best response by the nurse? a. "Exercise should be restricted." b. "Exercise will increase blood glucose." c. "Extra snacks are needed before exercise." d. "Extra insulin is required during exercise."

c. "Extra snacks are needed before exercise."

The parents of a school-age child tell the nurse, "We evade any questions about sex that our child asks us. It is very embarrassing to discuss such things with our child." What does the nurse inform the parents? a. "The child will feel depressed if you do not answer all queries." b. "The child may engage in sexual activities if you explain it now." c. "The child may speak with peers and get inaccurate information." d. "It is right to evade questions now, because the child is still small."

c. "The child may speak with peers and get inaccurate information."

A 93-year-old client in a nursing home has been eating less food during mealtimes. What is the priority nursing intervention? a. Substitute a supplemental drink for the meal. b. Spoon-feed the client until the food is completely eaten. c. Allow the client a longer period of time to complete the meal. d. Arrange a consultation for the placement of a gastrostomy tube

c. Allow the client a longer period of time to complete the meal.