Nutrition Final

Which of the following is a source of complete proteins?

tuna fish

Which of the following is not a genetic factor that influence body weight in different ways?

uncoupling proteins

Evan is a well-nourished adult who weighs 70 kg (about 154 lb). How much energy reserve would his body typically store in the form of glycogen?

.2 kg

How many ATP are produced in anaerobic glycolysis from one pyruvate molecule?

0

The RDA for riboflavin for adults aged 19 years and older is 1.3 mg/day for men and

1.1 mg/day for women.

Christopher's lunch contains 121 grams of carbohydrate, 40 grams of protein, and 25 grams of fat. What percent of kilocalories (kcal) in this meal come from fat?

26 percent

What percentage of deaths in the United States can be attributed to unhealthful lifestyle behaviors such as smoking, alcohol misuse, physical inactivity, and a poor-quality diet?

50 to 60 percent

Maria is a reasonably healthy 19-year-old college student who is sedentary. She is 5' 8" tall and weighs 145 pounds. How many grams of protein would you recommend she consume each day?

53 grams

Which of the following statements about cholesterol is false?

It is found mostly in olive oil, coconut oil, and avocados.

Which of the following statements about protein foods is TRUE?

Lentils are a good source of protein, but do not provide all nine essential amino acids.

Vitamin B12 plays a role in the formation of red blood cells as a component of coenzymes that

assist with DNA synthesis.

Jeffery is a strength athlete and a vegetarian. He weighs 205 lb and is 6' 2" tall. How much protein would you recommend he eat on a daily basis?

at least 121 grams

Which thyroid hormone is used to treat osteoporosis?

calcitonin

Which of the following is the active form of vitamin D?

calcitriol

Niacin is a component of coenzymes involved in the

catabolism of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and alcohol.

Which of the following foods is MOST likely to contain "invisible" fats?

chocolate cake

Which iron transporter helps regulate intestinal iron absorption and release?

ferroportin

A good weight loss strategy includes all of the following except

follow a low-Calorie, low-fat diet.

Riboflavin assists with antioxidant function through its role as a coenzyme for which enzyme system?

glutathione peroxidase

The primary anabolic hormone is

insulin.

A person who has been diagnosed with impaired fasting glucose

is considered pre-diabetic.

The primary determinant of basal metabolic rate is an individual's

lean tissue mass

Prolonged excessive niacin intake can cause

liver damage.

The sphincter muscle at the top of the esophagus is called

lower esophageal sphincter.

Which trace mineral is a cofactor involved in the formation of urea and assists in the formation of bone and cartilage?

manganese

What are the two types of claims on food labels that are regulated by the FDA?

nutrient and health claims

The Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) were originally adopted to prevent

nutrient-deficiency diseases

Which of the following is a weight-loss medication that inhibits the absorption of dietary fat?

orlistat

Hemoglobin and myoglobin are to proteins involved in the transport and metabolism of

oxygen.

Which of the following fast foods is higher in vitamin A?

pizza

For people with type 2 diabetes, the cells' ineffective response to insulin triggers

protein catabolism.

Prothrombin and factor VII are

proteins that are involved in the coagulation of blood.

Appetite is defined as a(n)

psychological desire to consume a specific food.

The retinoid that has the most significant physiological role in the human body is

retinol

In the current Dietary Guidelines for Americans, the nutrients to limit include

sodium

When fructose and glucose are bonded together, they form

sucrose.

Copper, zinc, and manganese are part of which antioxidant enzyme system?

superoxide dismutase

Which of the following statements about antioxidants is TRUE?

By donating an electron, antioxidants reduce free radicals.

Which federal agency conducts the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)?

CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

The health promotion and disease prevention plan for the U.S. is called

Healthy People 2020.

Requirements for food labeling in the U.S. are identified in the

Nutrition Labeling and Education Act.

The information provided on a food label that identifies intake of nutrients based on 2,000 Calories a day is called the

Percent Daily Values.

Which of the following is NOT true of the fates of glucose in the liver?

The glucose in the liver can be used for cell growth and maintenance.

Which of the following statements about children with Kwashiorkor is false

Their fat stores are completely depleted.

How does fat consumption relate to vitamin A, D, E, and K intake?

These vitamins require dietary fats for their absorption and transport.

How do omega-3 fatty acids decrease the risk for cardiovascular disease?

They decrease inflammation and blood triglycerides.

What effect do statin drugs have on blood cholesterol?

They lower levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs).

A blood test showed that Tom's level of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) is 210 mg/dl. What is the potential health implication of this condition?

Tom has an increased risk of atherosclerosis.

The government agency that regulates food labeling in the United States is the

U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

The end products of deamination are ammonia and

a keto acid

Which of the following is characteristic of alcohol dependence?

a strong need or urge to drink alcoholic beverages

Which of the following is NOT a known risk factor for colorectal cancer?

consumption of milk and other dairy products

Vitamin B6 is important for the conversion of homocysteine to

cysteine

How does fluoride protect against dental caries (cavities)?

decreases and reverses tooth demineralization

Which of the following foods would be the BEST dietary source of pre-formed vitamin A?

egg

Essential fatty acids (EFAs) are precursors needed to produce which type of biological compounds?

eicosanoids

Which component of energy expenditure is the most variable from one person to another?

energy cost of physical activity

Which of the following hormones is produced from cholesterol?

estrogen

The anaerobic conversion of pyruvate to lactate occurs in cells with few or no mitochondria, such as the following except

fat cells.

Chronic drinkers may show few signs of impairment or intoxication even at high blood alcohol levels. This condition is known as

functional tolerance.

Which of the following is a monosaccharide?

galactose

Which of the following activates the phosphorylation of glucose?

glucokinase

Which of the following metabolic pathways occurs in the cytosol of the cell?

glycolysis

The tiny mineral crystals that cluster around collagen fibers in bone are called

hydroxyapatite

Where in the body is selenium contained?

in amino acids

After eating, you experience a feeling of satiation as a result of the

increase in blood glucose levels

Fruity breath is a sign of

ketoacidosis.

Children who watch more than 2 hours of television per day are

likely to consume at least 200 fewer Calories per day than children who watch less than 2 hours per day.

One theory researchers propose to explain why people who live in poor neighborhoods have higher obesity rates is that they might

not engage in walking and other forms of physical activity because of perceived pollution and safety risks in their neighborhood.

Which of the following is equivalent to one drink of alcohol?

12 oz of beer

On a food label, there is 140 Calories per serving. It contains 2 grams of saturated fat. What is the approximate percentage of Calories from saturated fat per serving of the food?

13%

How many grams of carbohydrate (per day) are recommended in healthy individuals to provide adequate fuel to the brain (RDA)?

130 grams

A food contains 15 grams of fat. How many kcal from fat does the food contain?

135

The RDA values were first published in

1941.

Beginning in what year did the FDA require nutrition labeling in chain restaurants?

2016

Jamie eats 240 gm of carbohydrate, 220 gm from fat, and 132 gm from protein each day. What is Jamie's daily Caloric intake?

3,468 kcal

It is estimated that more than ________ different enzymes within the body require zinc for their functioning.

300

One microgram of vitamin D is equivalent to how many International Units (IU)?

40 IU

What percentage of dietary vitamin B6 comes from animal sources in a typical American diet?

40%

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for linoleic acid is at least what percentage of daily energy intake?

5

The Daily Value (DV) of fiber is 25 grams. If a product label indicates that it provides 20% of the DV, how much fiber does a serving contain?

5 grams

The Dietary Guidelines recommend keeping your daily sodium intake below

one teaspoon of table salt.

Which of the following vitamins is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins, the synthesis of cholesterol, and the detoxification of drugs?

pantothenic acid

Which of the following is a hormone that is released in response to low blood calcium levels?

parathyroid hormone

The "three Ds"—dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia—are symptoms of the advanced progression of which deficiency disease?

pellagra

How much a serving of food contributes to your overall intake of nutrients is listed on a food label as

percent daily values.

Inadequate intrinsic factor is associated with

pernicious anemia.

Foods that contain protein have a high amount of

phosphorus

Which vitamin is categorized as a member of the K-vitamin "umbrella"?

phylloquinone

The longest stage in cancer development, during which mutated cells repeatedly divide, is known as

promotion.

High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are so named because of their high proportion of

protein.

Which energy yielding nutrient does the body use to produce glucose during gluconeogenesis?

proteins

In first pass alcohol metabolism, the action of gastric ADH

reduces the absorption of alcohol by as much as 20%.

Vitamin A is transported from the liver through the bloodstream to target tissues and cells with the assistance of

retinol-binding protein.

Which of the following hormones decreases gastric motility?

secretin

Consuming excessive amounts of vitamin B6 in supplement form has been associated with

sensory neuropathy.

Which of the following substances is classified as a lipid?

sterols

For many people suffering from GERD, the underlying cause is malfunctioning of

the gastroesophageal sphincter

Triglycerides can be classified by which of the following characteristics?

the length of the fatty acids

Body mass index is

the ratio of a person's body weight to his or her height squared.

Chyme is released from the stomach intermittently in small amounts because

the small intestine can hold only a small fraction of the stomach volume at a time.

The amount of energy expended by the body in digesting, absorbing, transporting, metabolizing, and storing nutrients is called

the thermic effect of food

The body's ability to absorb dietary iron is influenced by all of the following factors except

the type of iron present in the foods consumed.

The coenzyme TPP plays a critical role in the breakdown of glucose for energy. Which water-soluble vitamin is part of the TPP complex?

thiamin

In which of the following functions does vitamin B6 play a key role?

transamination

Which process plays a critical role in the synthesis of nonessential amino acids?

transamination

Which type of protein helps the body maintain fluid and electrolyte balance?

transport proteins

The body stores lipids as

triglycerides.

Consumption of high levels of folate supplements can mask deficiency of

vitamin B12.

When you exercise, your body uses glycogen to maintain blood glucose levels. Which vitamin acts as a coenzyme during this process?

vitamin B6

The liver's ability to activate which of the following micronutrients may be impaired by chronic excessive alcohol consumption?

vitamin D

Which of the following is the BEST source of thiamin?

whole grains

Which of the following is a sugar alcohol?

xylitol

Excessive supplementation of which of the following minerals results in diminished absorption of copper and depressed immunity?

zinc

Which of the following is the largest organization of food and nutrition professionals in the United States and the world?

Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

During the production of various proteins involved in the coagulation of blood and in bone metabolism, vitamin K serves as

a coenzyme.

How does protein-energy malnutrition affect the immune system?

It diminishes immune response to antigens.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of vitamin E?

It is used to make collagen.

Which of the following statements about saliva is NOT true?

It prepares the organs for digestion of foods.

How does vitamin A affect the immune system?

It suppresses the immune response.

Which of the following is not one of the tips to assist you in separating Internet fact from fiction?

Look at the references.

The primary role of most of the B-vitamins is to

act as coenzymes.

After absorption, which blood protein binds copper for transport to the liver?

albumin

The vitamin thiamin is composed of a thiazole and

an amine group.

Josie maintains a normal body weight, but a blood test reveals both vitamin D deficiency and iron deficiency anemia. Josie's nutritional status is

both malnutrition and undernutrition.

Which type of adipose tissue has a greater number of mitochondria in its cells?

brown adipose tissue

The level of which of the following must be specified in the list of nutrients on a food label?

calcium

Which hormone signals the gallbladder to contract?

cholecystokinin (CCK)

Eating too little of which compound below may lead to fat accumulation in the liver and eventually liver damage?

choline

Which of the following is a component of fat-emulsifying bile?

choline

What mineral do some athletes take in supplements in an effort to gain lean body mass and reduce body fat?

chromium

Which of the following is a trace mineral that enhances the ability of insulin to transport glucose into the body's cells?

chromium

Vitamin C assists in the formation of a structural protein called

collagen

Which organic protein is responsible for the bone matrix that hydroxyapatite binds to?

collagen

Immediately after absorption, what body system carries most of the fat-soluble nutrients?

lymphatic

During the fourth and final stage of folate deficiency, the body can experience

macrocytic anemia.

Which of the following minerals is NOT involved in energy metabolism?

magnesium

Which of the following is NOT a dedicated food category in the USDA Food Patterns?

meats

Which of the following is the animal form of vitamin K, produced by bacteria in the large intestine?

menaquinone

Which of the following is a condition in which the liver becomes more efficient in the breakdown of alcohol?

metabolic tolerance

One tablespoon of fish oil, which contains more than 4 grams of alpha-linolenic acid, provides

more than double the AI of omega-3 fatty acids.

In the body, the major storage sites for glycogen are the

muscles and liver.

What percentage of U.S. adults is now obese?

nearly 35%

Which of the following vitamins is MOST important in energy metabolism?

niacin