Nutrition HCC

Key behavioral determinants of blood pressure are related to what factor?

Dietary consumption of calories and salt

A nurse is caring for a breastfeeding client who reports engorgement. The nurse identifies that the client's condition is due to not fully emptying her breasts at each feeding. Which suggestion should the nurse make to help her prevent engorgement?

Feed the baby at least every two or three hours.

The nurse is performing an assessment for a client with anemia admitted to the hospital to have blood transfusions administered. Why would the nurse need to include a nutritional assessment for this patient?

It may indicate deficiencies in essential nutrients.

What food will a client diagnosed with anemia be encouraged to eat in order to provide adequate copper needed for hemoglobin formation?

Nuts Grapes Shellfish

Vitamin B6

Pyridoxine helps make red blood cells and improve sleep, appetite and mood

When measuring gastric residual volume in a client receiving continuous tube feeding through a gastrostomy tube, the nurse attaches a large syringe to the tube and withdraws all fluid remaining in the stomach. After noting the amount of fluid, what should the nurse do?

Readminister the aspirated fluid through the feeding tube

A 15-year-old client with type 1 diabetes has been noncompliant with the dietary regimen. When educating the adolescent, what is the most important thing the nurse can do to allow the adolescent to be in control and involved in the decision-making process?

Speak directly to the adolescent and consider the client's input in the decisions about care and education.

vitamin E

acts as an antioxidant, help stabilize the cell membranes

BMR

basal metabolic rate

a good source of B3

beef, chicken, shrimp, avocado, peanuts, tomato, spinach

good source of B12

dairy, beef, pork, poultry, fish and eggs

a good source of B2

dairy, meat, green leafy veggies, enriched wheat, and oysters

primary protein calorie malnutrition

lack of adequate food, frequent infections, environmental factors

undernutrition

poor nourishment due to inadequate diet or disease

good source of B1

pork, soy, watermelon, tomato, spinach

what is the name for the product that occurs when manufactures partially hydrogenate liquid oils

trans fats

iron deficiency anemia

anemia caused by inadequate iron intake

The nurse is teaching an adolescent with celiac disease about dietary changes that will help maintain a healthy lifestyle. Which of the following foods can the nurse safely recommend as part of the adolescent's diet?

apples corn potatoes

vitamin C

ascorbic acid acts as an antioxidant, helps make new cells, and improves immune system

good sources of vitamin k

broccoli, brussel sprouts, liver, and leafy greens

normal LDL cholesterol levels

0-130 mg/dl

Men's daily calorie intake

2500

complete protein

contains all 9 essential amino acids and come from animals

Colonic microorganisms play a role in the synthesis of which vitamin?

K

Which nutritional deficiency may delay wound healing?

Lack of vitamin C

vitamin B2

Riboflavin helps convert food into energy and supports healthy hair, skin, blood and brain

monitoring nutritional status

Stimulating the appetite Assisting with eating Providing nutrition in special situations

parenteral nutrition

nourishment provided via IV therapy

percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy

surgically (open or laparoscopically) placed gastrostomy tube

soft diet

food that is soft, easy to swallow and digest typically bland, well cooked vegetables, low fiber cereals, plain cake, easy to proteins, creaming nut butter, fruit juice without the pulp needed to win a patient is recovering from surgery like the jaw abdomen or mouth or with patients with dysphasia dependent upon the ability for the patient to chew and swallow

digestion

gastrointestinal system's breakdown process of food into particles small enough to pass into the cells and be used by the cells

developmental consideration

growth - infancy, adolescence, pregnancy, and lactation increase nutritional needs activity increases nutritional needs age related changes in metabolism and body composition nutritional needs level off in adulthood

During the nurse's assessment of a 15-year-old client diagnosed with bulimia nervosa, the nurse evaluates for findings that accompany binge eating. Which are most applicable?

guilt dental caries self-induced vomiting normal weight

nutrition

process by which the body ingest, absorbs, transports, uses, and eliminates nutrients and foods

Kwashiorkor Disease

protein deficiency with appropriate caloric intake translate to disease suffered by the displacement of a child 0 deficiency of protein intake superimposed by a catabolic stress event such as a GI obstruction, surgery, cancer, malabsorption syndrome, infectious disease, or being taken off of the breast and being replaced with a starchy diet ​

vitamin D

provides calcium and phosphorus metabolism and stimulates calcium absorption

Body Mass Index (BMI)

ratio of height to weight

Rumination disorder is a poorly understood condition of young children. This refers to:

rechewing undigested food.

recommended dietary allowance

recommendations for average daily amounts of essential nutrients that healthy population groups should consume over time

The nurse has been caring for a child who has been receiving growth hormone therapy for several years. When the child returns for evaluation following a sudden growth spurt, what nursing diagnosis should the nurse most likely add to the plan of care?

risk for imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements related to metabolic changes

nursing interventions regarding nutrition

screening patients at home for nutritional risk observing intake and appetite evaluating the patient's tolerance assisting the patient with eating administering internal and parenteral feedings consulting The dietitian with physician addressing potential for drug nutrient reactions obtaining more food or snacks for the patient if appropriate monitoring food brought in by visitors participating in nutrient education efforts

laboratory studies

serum albumin (3.5-5.0 g/dL) pre-albumin serum transferrin electrolyte levels complete blood count like rbc, hdb, and lymphocyte count liver enzymes serum levels of vitamins

nutrients

specific biochemical substances used by the body for growth, development, activity, reproduction, lactation, health maintenance, and recovery from illness or injury

nutrition

study of the nutrients and how they are handled by the body, as well as the impact of human behavior and environment on the process of nourishment

carbohydrates

sugars and starches organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen most abundant and least expensive source of calories in the world classified as simple or complex sugars 90% is ingested converted to glucose for transport through the blood 50 to 100 g of these are needed daily to prevent ketosis

iron

supports oxygen transport, red cell creation, and healthy skin and nails

mechanical soft diet

transition from liquid to regular diet recommended for those who trouble chewing or swallowing can consist of shops, ground, and pureed foods chemotherapy patients and post-operative patients that are not able to chew hard foods are the ones that tend to use this diet include soft fruits and vegetables, refined breads and cereals, dairy products such as ice cream, pudding, custard, and desserts such as cakes

nasogastric tube

tube inserted through the nose and into the stomach

nutrients that regulate body processes

vitamins, minerals, water

The nurse is caring for a small-for-gestational-age infant at 1 hour old, after a difficult birth, with a glucose level of 40 mg/dL (2.5 mmol/L). Which nursing action would be the priority?

Initiate early oral feedings.

The nurse observes a co-worker who always seems to be eating a cup of ice. The nurse encourages the co-worker to have an examination and diagnostic workup with the health care provider. What type of anemia is the nurse concerned the co-worker may have?

Iron deficiency anemia

The nurse is doing discharge teaching with a client newly diagnosed with Ménière's disease. Why would the nurse advise a low-sodium diet to this client?

To reduce the production of fluid in the inner ear

enternal nutrition

alternate form of feeding that involves passing a tube into the gastrointestinal tract to allow instillation of the appropriate formula

basal metabolism

amount of energy required to carry out involuntary activities of the body at rest

The digestion of carbohydrates is aided by

amylase

vitamin E

antioxidant that protects vitamin A

The nurse is helping a confused client with a large leg wound order dinner. Which food item is most appropriate for the nurse to select to promote wound healing?

fish

The nurse is caring for a girl with anorexia who has been hospitalized with unstable vital signs and food refusal. The girl requires enteral nutrition. The nurse is alert for which complications that signal refeeding syndrome?

cardiac arrhythmias, confusion, seizures

vitamin k

helps the synthesis of certain proteins necessary for blood clotting

third stage of starvation

once fat stores are used, body proteins from internal organs and plasma are no longer spared 0 this is termed visceral proteins and they are used until organ failure occurs

A client tells the nurse that the stool was colored yellow. The nurse assesses the client for

recent foods ingested

anthropometric measurements

skinfold thickness at various sites mid arm circumference waist circumference

A mother and grandmother bring a 2-month-old infant to the clinic for a routine checkup. As the nurse weighs the infant, the grandmother asks, "Shouldn't the baby start eating solid food? My kids started on cereal when they were 2 weeks old." Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?

"Babies can't digest solid food properly until after they are 4 months old."

The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to a parent of an 8-year-old girl whose weight is 65 lb (29.5 kg) and height is 50.5 in (128.3 cm). Which statement by the parent demonstrates the need for further teaching?

"Based on my child's weight and height, I should be concerned my child is overweight."

The nurse provides care for a client who is diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. Which question should the nurse ask to assess the client for neuropsychiatric complications associated with the diagnosed eating disorder?

"Do you experience abnormal taste sensations?"

A nurse is teaching a woman diagnosed with gestational diabetes about meal planning and nutrition. The nurse determines that additional teaching is needed based on which client statement?

"I need to avoid any fat with my meals."

In discussing the causes of iron-deficiency anemia in children with a group of nurses, the following statements are made. Which of these statements is a misconception related to iron-deficiency anemia?

"Milk is a perfect food, and babies should be able to have all the milk they want."

A nurse is caring for a client who has been told about the need for having a percutaneous feeding tube placed for enteral nutrition. The client is upset, crying and saying he or she can never go out and socialize again. What is the best response the nurse can give this client?

"This must be hard for you. Can you tell me more?"

A client is concerned about bone strength and development and asks the nurse if dietary sources of vitamin D will cause immediate activity within the skeletal system. The best response by the nurse would be:

"Vitamin D has little or no activity until it has been converted to physiologically active compounds."

A 70-year-old woman's family physician has recommended a vitamin D supplement. The woman states that she tries hard to take as few pills as possible and questions her physician on the rationale and necessity of the hormone. How can the physician most accurately reply to the client's concerns?

"Vitamin D is important in order for your body to absorb the calcium that you consume in your diet."

The nurse is caring for a dying child. The parents have been discussing changes in their child's appetite. Which statement indicates that the parents require more education about the care of their child?

"We had to force her to eat all of her breakfast this morning."

A nurse suspects that a child, age 4, is being neglected. Which question should the nurse ask the parents to best assess the child's nutritional status?

"What did your child eat for breakfast?"

factors to assess for nutritional status

-Usual dietary intake -Food allergies or intolerances -Food preparation and storage -Dietary practices -Eating disorder patterns

normal creatinine levels

0.5-1.6 mg/dl

normal albumin levels

3.5-5 g/dl

normal potassium levels

3.5-5.4 mEq/L

normal HDL cholesterol levels

35-120 mg/dl

A client has been prescribed a protein intake of 0.6 g/kg of body weight. The client weighs 154 pounds. The nurse calculates the daily protein intake to be how many grams?

42g

normal BUN levels

5-25 mg/dl

normal total protein levels

6-8g/dL

normal cholesterol levels

<200 mg/dL

The client states, "My doctor says that because I am now taking this water pill, I need to eat more foods that contain potassium. Can you give me some ideas about what foods would be good for this?" What is the appropriate response by the nurse?

Apricots, dried peas and beans, dates

The nurse is caring for an 8-year-old client admitted to the hospital for an appendectomy. The client is an immigrant newly arrived in the country. How can the nurse determine the best foods to provide in the postoperative diet?

Ask the family and child about preferred foods.

Prior to administering an intermittent tube feeding, which action should be performed?

Assess tube placement.

A client reports constipation. Which nursing measure would be most effective in helping the client reduce constipation?

Assist client to increase dietary fiber.

A client who has AIDS reports having diarrhea after every meal, and wants to know what can be done to stop this symptom. What should the nurse advise?

Avoid fibrous foods, lactose, fat, and caffeine.

A client is preparing for a fecal occult blood test. What teaching will the nurse provide regarding vitamin C three days before testing?

Avoid more than 250 mg

factors that increase BMR

Growth, infections, fever, emotional tension, extreme environmental temperatures, elevated levels of certain hormones

components of nutritional assessment

History taking Dietary, medical, socioeconomic data Physical assessments Anthropometric and clinical data Laboratory data Protein status, body vitamin, mineral, and trace element status

A 20-year-old man who is addicted to methamphetamines has been admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of protein-calorie malnutrition after many months of inadequate food intake. Which treatment plan would the care team most likely favor?

Incremental feeding combined with vitamin and mineral supplementation

A client informs the nurse that he feels as though he has a kidney stone again. The client is on a diet for weight loss and feels as though this may be a contributing factor as it never occurred before going on the diet. Which diet does the nurse suspect the client may be on?

Low-carbohydrate/high protein

A client is receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) through a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) and will be discharged home with PN. The home health nurse evaluates the home setting and would make a recommendation when noticing which circumstance?

No land line; cell phone available and taken by family member during working hours

A pregnant woman diagnosed with diabetes should be instructed to perform which action?

Notify the primary care provider if unable to eat because of nausea and vomiting.

factors affecting food habits

Physiologic and physical factors: stage of development, state of health, medications Physical, sociocultural, and psychosocial factors influencing food choices Economics, culture, religion, tradition, education, politics, social status, food ideology

A client is admitted to the health care center with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. The client has a body mass index (BMI) of 30 and reports irregular menstrual cycles and feeling tired all the time. The nurse suspects the client's symptoms to indicate which condition?

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

A student nurse is assisting the school nurse with a health fair at a middle school. The student nurse assesses the students' height and weight as they file through her station, where she observes that there is a large variation in physical size and emotional maturity. Which of the following factors may affect physical growth of children?

Prenatal nutrition Physical activity Heredity

The nurse is caring for an infant with fetal alcohol syndrome. What nursing actions should the nurse perform when caring for this infant?

Provide adequate nutrition Participation in developmental program Promote bonding with parents Monitor weight and head circumference

The nurse is teaching the client about Vitamin D. Which of these topics should the nurse include in the teaching plan?

Vitamin D is transported to the kidneys. Absorption of calcium from the intestine increases. Vitamin D is present in the skin or intestine. Calcitriol is produced

marasmus

a condition of extreme protein calorie malnutrition that is characterized by growth radar retardation and progressive wasting of subcutaneous tissue and muscle and encourage chiefly during the first year of life results from concurrent deficiency and caloric and protein intake

regular diet

a regular diet that does not include any type of dietary needs and should include a variety of all types of foods but should be balanced and nutrients and include a healthy foundation can include vegetarian, gluten-free, dairy-free, low fiber / low residue diet, high protein, and diabetic diets religious or cultural beliefs may also affect this diet

nutrients that supply energy

carbohydrates, protein, lipids

The nurse is teaching about an iron supplement that the client is going to take every day. The nurse teaches the client to take the iron supplement with which type of fluid?

citrus juice

dysphagia

condition in which swallowing is difficult or painful

The nurse is caring for expectant and new mothers. The nurse would encourage breastfeeding for the client who is:

diagnosed with mastitis.

vitamin A

effects visual acuity, skin and mucous membranes, and immune function

gastric residual

feeding remaining in the stomach

vitamin B9

folic acid (folate) vital for new cell Creation in DNA synthesis

the history / physical exam

food history for past week height weight vital signs t physical exam

gluconeogenesis

formation of glucose by liver from fats allows metabolic processes to continue patient may have a negative nitrogen balance

obesity

having an excess amount of body fat

a nursing assessment

health status, medical history, family history, changes in weight, diet history, medications, laboratory test results, physical examination, and anthropometric measurements

A client is prescribed methadone 10 mg three times a day for neuralgia following chemotherapy treatment. The client reports that he is experiencing constipation and asks the nurse for information about preventing constipation. The nurse recommends

increasing the amount of bran and fresh fruits and vegetables

fats

insoluble and water and blood composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen 0 95% of lipids in diet are triglycerides contain mixtures of saturated and unsaturated digestion occurs largely in the small intestine most concentrated source of energy

The nurse is reviewing the diet of an 8-month-old infant with the mother who reveals she has been using evaporated milk to make the formula. Which additional ingredient should the nurse ensure she is including in the formula?

iron

micro minerals

iron, zinc, manganese, and iodine

good source of B9

legumes, spinach, leafy greens, chickpeas, tomato, asparagus

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with marasmus. The nurse would expect the client to manifest:

loss of subcutaneous tissue, stunted growth, protuberant abdomen.

good sources of calcium

low fat milk and cheese, watercress, Chinese cabbage, green snap peas, tofu

unsaturated fats

lower cholesterol levels most vegetable oils

Megaloblastic anemias caused by folic acid or vitamin B12 deficiencies can seriously affect red blood cell (RBC) production. Which laboratory result correlates with this diagnosis?

mean corpuscular volume (MCV) 120 fl (high)

refeeding syndrome

metabolic alterations that may occur during nutritional repletion of starved patients at

A child is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). During TPN therapy, the most important nursing action is:

monitoring the blood glucose level closely.

A client with pancreatitis has been receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for the past week. Which nursing intervention best determines the TPN is providing adequate nutrition?

monitoring the client's weight every day

protein caloric malnutrition

most common form of under nutrition primary versus secondary

A 45-year-old client on the inpatient unit has just resumed eating a normal diet. The nurse checks a blood sugar with the morning labs and the result is 99.10 mg/dL (5.5 mmol/L). How would the nurse interpret this blood glucose?

normal

what does it mean when you have anemia

not enough healthy red blood cells

recommended daily amount for fats

not established but there should be no more than 20 to 35% of the total caloric intake

good sources of vitamin E

nuts, avocado, tofu, whole grains, seeds

excess nutrition

obesity

vitamins

organic compounds needed by the body in small amounts most active in the form of coenzymes needed for metabolism of carbohydrates, protein, and fats classified as water soluble or fat soluble absorbed through the intestinal wall directly into the bloodstream

A client is not able to absorb vitamin B12. The nurse determines that the client is deficient in:

parietal (oxyntic) cells, which secrete HCl and intrinsic factor

The nurse is educating a client with chronic anemia about their recommended diet. What will the nurse include in the teaching?

red meat

the different types of diets

regular, soft, mechanical soft, clear liquids, and full liquids

secondary protein calorie malnutrition

related to underlying disease that prevents absorption of nutrients

protein

required for the formation of all body structures labeled either complete AKA high quality, or incomplete AKA low quality, based on amino acid composition 10-20% of total caloric intake

clinical manifestation of inadequate protein / calorie intake

shows in the skin eyes and mouth muscle wasting, delayed wound healing, and being more susceptible to infections

The nurse is caring for a client with a percutaneous tube with an external retention flange. The nurse notifies the healthcare provider that the tension on the retention flange is excessive upon discovering what assessment finding?

skin breakdown at the stoma site

The nurse is caring for a preterm neonate in the neonatal intensive care unit receiving enteral feedings. The nurse notes an increase in respiratory rate, increase in regurgitation of feeding solution, and moderate abdominal distention. What action does the nurse take based on these findings?

stop the enteral feeding

vitamin D

strengthens and helps form bones and teeth via calcium and phosphorus

What is the role of the nurse during the preconception counseling of a pregnant client with chronic hypertension?

stressing the positive benefits of a healthy lifestyle

nasal intestinal tube

tube inserted through the nose and into the upper portion of the small intestine

A 14-year-old girl who is a vegetarian has recently developed anemia. Blood smear results show large, fragile, immature erythrocytes. She claims to take an iron supplement regularly and is surprised to learn that she is anemic, as she is otherwise healthy. As the nurse considers all of the data in the case, which anemia will the nurse discuss when collaborating with the primary healthcare provider?

vitamin B12 deficiency

While educating a group of individuals about to undergo knee surgery, the nurse stresses the importance of eating a well-balanced diet, especially high in vitamins. Which vitamin promotes collagen synthesis to facilitate the wound to the knee to heal properly?

vitamin C

which one of the following vitamins affects visual acuity and dim light, formation and maintenance of skin and mucus membranes, and the immune function A, D, E, K

vitamin a

The nurse is developing a presentation for a group of young adult women about premenstrual syndrome. Which treatment options should the nurse point out as most appropriate?

vitamin and mineral supplements NSAIDs reduction of caffeine intake

Incomplete Diets

vitamin deficiencies are rare in developed countries; usually found in alcoholics, drug abusers, chronically ill, those with poor dietary practices

second stage of starvation

within 5 to nine days, fat is mobilized to supply energy 0 prolonged starvation: 97% of calories from fat and protein are consumed fat stores used in 4 to 6 weeks depends on amount available

A nurse is providing care for a client recovering from gastric bypass surgery. During assessment, the client exhibits pallor, perspiration, palpitations, headache, and feelings of warmth, dizziness, and drowsiness. The client reports eating 90 minutes ago. What will the nurse suspect?

Vasomotor symptoms associated with dumping syndrome

woman's daily caloric intake

2000 calories

The nurse is speaking with the parent of a premature infant who is 6 months old. The parent asks the nurse when to begin feeding the infant solid food. The infant was born at 28 weeks. What is the best response by the nurse?

"You can start feeding solid food to your infant when the infant turns 9 months old."

An agitated, confused client arrives in the emergency department. The client's history includes type 1 diabetes, hypertension, and angina pectoris. Assessment reveals pallor, diaphoresis, headache, and intense hunger. A stat blood glucose sample measures 42 mg/dl, and the client is treated for an acute hypoglycemic reaction. After recovery, the nurse teaches the client to treat hypoglycemia by ingesting:

10 to 15 g of a simple carbohydrate.

A woman comes to the clinic for her first prenatal checkup. The woman has a body mass index (BMI) of 22. The nurse would anticipate that this client should gain approximately how much weight during her pregnancy?

25 to 35 lbs (11 to 16 kg)

normal calcium levels

8.0-10.5 mg/dl

A nurse is caring for a preterm infant. Which intervention will prepare the newborn's gastrointestinal tract to better tolerate feedings when initiated?

Administer 0.5 ml/kg/hr of breast milk enterally.

A nurse is teaching a group of older adults about the value of including foods containing antioxidants in their diet. Which statement best captures the rationale underlying the nurse's advice?

Antioxidants inhibit the actions of reactive oxygen species.

vitamin B12

Cobalamin breaks down fatty acids and amino acids, help make red blood cells

A client reads the nutritional chart and follows it accurately. The nurse also notes that the client understands the need for a balanced diet and its relationship with a quick recovery. In which domain is the client demonstrating successful learning?

Cognitive

A client is prescribed warfarin. Client teaching has included instructions to maintain a diet rich in foods that contain vitamin K. What sources of food should the nurse instruct the client to eat?

Cereals, soybeans, and spinach

A nurse is conducting a seminar for a local women's group on decreasing the risk factors for breast cancer. Which guidance would the nurse most likely include?

Choose a low-fat, high-vegetable diet.

Which dietary guideline would be appropriate for the older adult homebound client with advanced respiratory disease who informs the nurse that she has no energy to eat?

Eat smaller meals that are high in protein.

Which substance provides the majority of the fuel needs of the neurologic system?

Glucose

An adult client with a long history of alcohol abuse has been diagnosed with Wernicke disease. Which is the most likely course of this client's health problem?

If the symptoms are correctly diagnosed, most of the effects of the disease can be reversed through better nutrition with supplemental thiamine.

On the advice of the primary health care provider, a client has begun taking vitamin D supplements on a daily basis for which possible outcome?

Increased calcium absorption from the digestive tract.

The nurse is discussing healthy eating habits with a school-age child and her parents. Which recommendation would the nurse make for the family?

Light snacks should be offered so the child doesn't overeat at meals

A client reports she has lactose intolerance and questions the nurse about alternative sources of calcium. What options can be provided by the nurse?

Spinach

A client with anorexia nervosa self-describes as "a whale." However, the nurse's assessment reveals that the client is 5 feet 8 inches tall and weighs only 90 pounds. Considering the client's unrealistic body image, which intervention should be included in the care plan?

Telling the client of the nurse's concern for the client's health and desire to help the client make decisions to keep the client healthy

The nurse is providing care for a client whose abdominal fistula has necessitated the use of total parenteral nutrition (TPN). What action should the nurse implement in the care of this client?

Use a pump to administer the client's TPN.

NPO

nothing by mouth (nil per os)

A nurse is caring for a client with symptoms of epigastric pain. When teaching the action of gastric contents related to functioning of the body, which actions occur in the stomach?

breaking down food fibers killing microorganisms activating the enzyme pepsin vitamin B12 absorption

0 vitamin k

essential for blood clotting and helping to regulate blood calcium

normal sodium levels

132-149 mEq/L

What is the most effective way for a nurse to assess a woman's usual food intake during her pregnancy?

Ask her to describe her intake for the last 24 hours.

A client resides in a long-term care facility. Which nursing intervention would promote increased dietary intake?

Encourage the client to eat in the dining room.

A nurse is preparing an in-service presentation that focuses on promoting pressure ulcer healing. The nurse is planning to include information about appropriate nutrition. Which of the following would the nurse include as important for overall tissue repair?

Protein

What should the nurse expect for a full-term newborn's weight during the first few days of life?

There is a loss of 5% to 10% of birth weight in formula-fed and breastfed newborns.

insufficient nutrition

failure to thrive

incomplete proteins

lack one or more of the amino acids come from plants

gastrostomy

opening created into the stomach

A client is admitted with multiple pressure ulcers. When developing the client's diet plan, the nurse should include

ground beef patties.

The nurse is discussing healthy eating with the parents of a school-age client. Which statement by the parents indicates additional teaching is needed?

"It is more important for our child to get sleep than eat breakfast."

The dietary student is studying folic acid deficiency. The faculty member knows the student is ready to teach clients about this topic when the student makes which statement?

"The 30-year-old client who is trying to become pregnant should evaluate her folic acid intake."

A parent asks the nurse if the 2-month-old infant can have bananas yet. The nurse would respond and educate the parent on the nutrition stages of infants by which response?

"You can try bananas 2 or 3 months from now."

A 2-year-old child who has been neglected is admitted to the hospital. The child presents with systemic edema, flaky skin, oddly white-and-brown-colored hair, and extremely low body weight. The nurse should anticipate what intervention?

Administration of protein and calorie supplements

The nurse is teaching a basic nutrition course for the community. Which statement should the nurse include about fat-soluble vitamins?

The fat-soluble vitamins are stored in adipose tissue and may reach toxic levels.

The nurse is administering a gavage feeding through a nasogastric feeding tube. Which nursing intervention is the highest priority?

The nurse verifies the position of the feeding tube.

water

accounts for between 50 and 60% of adults total weight 2/3 of the body is contained within the cells or ICF remainder of the body water is ecf, like body fluids such as plasma and interstitial fluid provides fluid medium necessary for All chemical reactions in the body acts as a solvent and age digestion, absorption, circulation, and excretion

anthropometric

measurements of the body and body parts

diabetic diet

medically known as the medical nutrition therapy for diabetes eating a variety of nutritious foods and modern amounts and sticking to regular meal times healthy eating plan that's naturally rich in nutrients and low in fat and calories with an emphasis on fruits, vegetables and whole grains is actually the best eating plan for everyone

A nurse is discussing the importance of good nutrition to a young pregnant client. The nurse would point out that the growing fetus is getting nutrition from the mother via which structure?

placenta

absorption

process by which drugs are transferred from the side of entry into the body to the bloodstream

obesity

weight greater than 20% above ideal body weight

A nurse is evaluating a client with a terminal illness. What should the nurse report so that the health care team can consider alternative nutritional approaches and fluid administration routes for the client at the end of life?

weight loss and inadequate food intake

0 good source of vitamin B7

whole grains, eggs, almonds, soybeans, fish

According to the DASH diet, how many servings of vegetables should a person consume each day?

4 or 5

A nurse is caring for a neonate with transient tachypnea of the newborn. Which is the priority nursing intervention?

Administer IV fluids; gavage feedings.

Vitamin B7

Biotin helps convert food to energy and break down glucose

A nurse researcher is reviewing data obtained from a developing nation on nutrition and metabolism issues facing that country. What is the nurse's understanding of the "double-burden" many developing nations now face?

Both undernutrition and obesity

A breastfeeding mother wants to know how to help her 2-week-old newborn gain the weight lost after birth. Which action should the nurse suggest as the best method to accomplish this goal?

Breastfeed the infant every 2 to 4 hours on demand.

What is an expected assessment finding when caring for a client with a percutaneous feeding tube?

Dark pink stoma without drainage

The school nurse is assessing a 12-year-old client suspected of having bulimia. Which assessment finding would the nurse expect to see?

Eroded dental enamel

vitamin B1

Thiamine helps convert food into energy and is critical for nerve function

pictures that decrease BMR

aging, prolonged fasting, and sleep

good sources of vitamin D

egg yolk, fatty fish, liver, and sunlight

calcium

supports bone health, weight loss, and muscle function

The parents of an overweight 2-year-old boy admit that their child is a bit "chubby," but argue that he is a picky eater who will eat only junk food. Which response by the nurse is best to facilitate a healthier diet?

"Give him more healthy choices with less junk food available."

A patient comes to the clinic and asks the nurse why the skin of the forehead, palms, and soles has a yellow-orange tint. There is no yellowing of the sclera or mucous membranes. What should the nurse question the patient regarding?

"Have you been eating a large amount of carotene-rich foods?"

The nurse is providing teaching about food substitutions when cooking for the child with an allergy to eggs. Which response indicates a need for further teaching?

"I can use the egg white when baking, but not the yolk."

What statement by the mother of a 20-month-old indicates a need for further teaching about nutrition?

"I give my daughter juice at breakfast and when she is thirsty during the day."

A pregnant woman reports she is interested in breastfeeding to promote improved health for her child. Which statement by the nurse is most appropriate?

"Passive immunity can be transmitted to your child providing him with some temporary immunity against illness."

A nurse is providing dietary interventions for a 5-year-old with an iron deficiency. Which response indicates a need for further teaching?

"Red meat is a good option; he loves the hamburgers from the drive-thru."

The parents are concerned their 14-year-old child is always eating. The child weighs 54 kg and is 65 inches (165 cm) tall. What is the best explanation the nurse can give the parents?

"The calories help his body increase muscle mass."

A child who is receiving TPN has developed the need to have insulin injections. The child's mother questions this and states that her child does not have diabetes. What is the appropriate response by the nurse?

"The feedings are high in sugar and insulin is needed to manage this."

The nurse is working with a group of caregivers of school-aged children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Which statement would be most appropriate for the nurse to make to this group of caregivers?

"The medications your child is on may cause a decreased appetite."

Which dietary guideline should a nurse provide to a group of older adults to possibly decrease their risks of developing colon cancer?

"Try to minimize fat and maximize fiber when you're planning your meals."

A newborn boy is diagnosed with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula. After the nurse provides preoperative teaching, which statement indicates that the parents need additional teaching?

"We can probably start feeding him with the bottle about a day after the surgery."

recommended dose for proteins in adults

0.8g per kg

The nurse is caring for a client with a latex allergy. When ordering lunch for the client, which food does the nurse cross off of the menu that should not be consumed?

1 medium banana

The nurse does a weight measurement on an adolescent girl who should weigh 120 lb (54.5 kg) according to the expected weight for age and height. The adolescent is found to weigh exactly the weight that would indicate to the nurse that this adolescent fits the criteria for anorexia nervosa. How much does the girl weigh?

102 lb (46.3 kg)

A client tells the nurse that she is going on a low carbohydrate diet in order to lose weight. In order to prevent tissue wasting and ketosis, the nurse should inform the client that the carbohydrate intake should be:

50-100 g/day

A nurse has completed tube feeding a client on a long-term care unit. How long should the nurse keep the head of the bed elevated after completion of the tube feeding?

60 minutes

normal levels of glucose

75-120 mg/dl

A client is experiencing septic shock and infrequent bowel sounds. To ensure adequate nutrition, the nurse administers

A continuous infusion of total parenteral nutrition

During a humanitarian trip to an underdeveloped country, a medical student is assessing a 6-year-old male who has a protuberant abdomen, dry hair, and wrinkled skin. The child's heart rate is 59 beats per minute, blood pressure 89/50 and temperature 95.2°F (35.1°C). What is the most likely etiology of the child's health problems?

A diet deficient in both protein and calories.

A client comes to the clinic after developing a headache, abdominal pain, nausea, hiccupping, and fatigue about 2 hours ago. The client tells the nurse that the last food was buffalo chicken wings and beer. Which medical condition does the nurse find to be most consistent with the client's presenting problems?

Acute gastritis

The nurse is caring for an underweight female client diagnosed with a new food allergy to wheat, rye, and oats and with a nursing diagnosis of Imbalanced Nutrition: less than body requirements. What is the most appropriate intervention for this client?

Administer a high-calorie diet, excluding wheat, rye, and oats.

The nurse in a free clinic is caring for a 1-year-old girl and her single mother. Which nursing intervention would most likely be needed initially?

Assessing the child's nutritional status.

A nurse cares for a client who is 5 feet 11 inches tall and weighs 225 pounds. What statement describes the client's BMI?

Class I obesity

A nurse is caring for a female client with urinary incontinence. Which instructions should the nurse include in the client's teaching plan to reduce the incidence or severity of incontinence?

Control blood glucose levels. Continue pelvic floor exercises. Increase fiber in the diet.

risk factors for poor nutritional status

Developmental factors Gender State of health Alcohol abuse Medications Megadoses of nutrient supplements

A client receiving tube feedings to the duodenum develops nausea, cramping, and diarrhea. For which condition should the nurse plan care for this client?

Dumping syndrome

When teaching the new mother about breastfeeding, the nurse is correct when providing what instructions?

Encourage breastfeeding of the newborn infant on demand. Place baby in uninterrupted skin-to-skin contact (kangaroo care) with the mother. Help the mother initiate breastfeeding within 30 minutes of birth.

A nurse is observing a new parent bottle feeding the newborn. The nurse notices that the newborn begins to get fussy during the feeding. Which action by the nurse would be appropriate?

Encourage the parent to burp the newborn to get rid of air.

A school nurse is preparing a presentation for the parent-teacher association at the local elementary school. The nurse is focusing on the topic of nutrition in this age group. Which suggestion would be appropriate for the nurse to include?

Encouraging foods high in vitamin D Providing foods that are high in calcium Avoiding foods that contain empty calories

A nurse has an older adult home care client who lives alone with no family nearby. On a recent visit, the nurse notices that his clothes are very loose, and he has difficulty letting the nurse leave when the visit is ending. After talking with him, the nurse learns that he has not been cooking for himself and he can't get to the grocery store easily. What service could the nurse suggest as an immediate response until a long-term plan can be formed?

Enroll the client in Meals on Wheels.

A client on prolonged bed rest has developed a pressure ulcer. The wound shows no signs of healing even though the client has received skin care and has been turned every 2 hours. What is the best action by the nurse?

Evaluate client protein levels.

A patient who has been treated for uric acid stones is being discharged from the hospital. What type of diet does the nurse discuss with the patient?

Low-purine diet

The nurse is explaining the latest laboratory results to a pregnant client who is in her third trimester. After letting the client know she is anemic, which heme iron-rich foods should the nurse encourage her to add to her diet?

Meats

A family from India has recently moved to the United States. Their 5-year-old child often visits the school nurse after lunch reporting a "stomachache." The lunch staff tell the nurse that the child eats very little for lunch. What is the best action by the nurse?

Meet with the child and parents and discuss if cultural food preferences may be hindering the amount being eaten at lunch.

The nurse cares for a client who receives continuous enteral tube feedings and who is at low risk for aspiration. The nurse assesses the gastric residual volume to be 350 mL. The nurse determines which action is correct?

Monitoring the feeding closely.

Vitamin D, officially classified as a vitamin, functions as a hormone in the body. What other hormone is necessary in the body for vitamin D to work?

Parathyroid hormone

A nurse is caring for a client with excessive abdominal fat. Which method should the nurse teach as the best strategy to use for healthy eating?

Plan meals using ChooseMyPlate.

The nurse caring for a child with a deficiency of vitamin D knows that the deficiency places the child at risk for:

Rickets

A stay-at-home father wants to purchase commercial toddler meals because his 16-month-old girl recently choked on table food. Which food items will the nurse suggest not be given to this child?

Round foods such as hot dogs, whole grapes, and cherry tomatoes Hard foods such as nuts, raw carrots, and popcorn Sticky foods like peanut butter alone, gummy candies, and marshmallows

When caring for an oncology client receiving cisplatin and experiencing nausea and mouth sores, which nursing interventions are best to improve the client's diet?

Schedule high-nutrient shakes between meals. Administer oral anesthetic 15 minutes prior to meals. Offer small, frequent, light meals 5-6 times daily. Offer cool drinks and foods as tolerated.

A homeless client diagnosed with human papillomavirus (HPV) is seen in the maternity clinic requesting a pregnancy test. Which nursing action would be the best example of the secondary level of prevention?

Suggest she have a Papanicolaou test.

While obtaining a health history, the nurse notices that the child has a history of pica. The nurse needs to be aware of which possible condition associated with pica?

The child could have a developmental or learning disability.

A breastfeeding parent asks the nurse about when they can begin feeding their 5-month-old infant some solids and vitamins. Which information provided by the nurse would most accurately address this parent's concerns?

The first food offered to an infant is an iron-enriched cereal and can be started now. Additionally, the infant needs to receive vitamin D and iron.

clear liquids diet

Things you can see through in a liquid state Black coffee Cranberry/apple juice Broth Jell-o Popsicles no red dye!

A physician's orders for a client to be started on total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The nurse knows that TPN is a hypertonic solution and must be administered in which way?

Through a large-diameter central line

The nurse is presenting a nutritional plan to a primigravida client who is questioning the addition of iodized salt to her diet. Which explanation should the nurse prioritize in answering this client?

Thyroid activity, which depends on iodine intake, increases during pregnancy.

A physician orders nutritional therapy administered via a central vein for a client who cannot take foods orally. What is the term for this type of nutrition?

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)

The nurse has observed that a client's food intake has diminished in recent days. What intervention should the nurse perform in order to stimulate the client's appetite?

Try to ensure that the client's food is attractive and sufficiently warm.

An older adult client has recently been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. The nurse should focus assessment on which aspects?

Weight and nutritional status

waist circumference

a numerical measurement of the waist, used to assess an individual's abdominal fat and establish ideal body weight

In evaluating a client's response to nutrition therapy, which laboratory test would be of highest priority to examine?

albumin level

The nurse is discussing food allergies with parents of a young child, explaining that a very effective way to determine which foods a child may be allergic to is to implement:

an elimination diet.

full liquid diet

anything that is liquid at room temperature

macro minerals

calcium, phosphorus, magnesium

nursing implementation

caloric count and dietary needs patient specific high protein high calorie foods what foods need to be eliminated what food need to be added to surprise nutrition multiple small feedings supplements appetite stimulants a diet diary dietitian consult discharge instructions patient - family - caregiver questions

A child is diagnosed with a latex allergy. When developing the teaching plan for this child, the nurse would include what foods to avoid?

cherries bananas pineapples

A nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia. Which activity is altered as a result of this diagnosis?

chewing

When explaining to a group of parents of school-aged children the importance of protein intake, the nurse emphasizes which food choices that contain all essential amino acids in adequate amounts per serving?

chicken egg milk

good sources of B6

chicken, tofu, banana, watermelon, fish, legumes

metabolic demands vary based on

developmental level, lifestyle, other energy demand optimal nutrition is often thought to be a balance of calories and exercise, but metabolic demands require a variety of nutrients and not just a focus on calories

true or false: food is more vital to life than water because it provides the medium necessary for All chemical reactions and is not stored in the body

false

methods of collecting data

food record, 24-hour recall, and dietary interview

good sources of vitamin C

fruit and fruit juices, pepper, broccoli, tomato, spinach, and onion

A nurse is conducting a health promotion program, encouraging lifestyle changes to help clients prevent various benign and treatable conditions. Which suggestions would the nurse most likely include?

high vegetable-fruit diet regular exercise adequate fluid intake low-fat diet

A nurse consulting with a nutrition specialist knows it's important to consider a special diet for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which diet is appropriate for this client?

high-protein

A woman who is breastfeeding her newborn reports that her breasts seem quite full. Assessment reveals that her breasts are engorged. Which factor would the nurse identify as the most likely cause for this development?

inability of infant to empty breasts

over nutrition

ingestion of More foods than required

first stage of starvation

initially the body uses carbohydrate from liver and muscle to meet metabolic needs glycogen stores are minimal and be depleted in 18 hours what stores are depleted protein from skeletal muscle is converted to glucose for energy (gluconeogenesis)

malnutrition

lack of proper nutrition

anorexia

lack or loss of appetite

normal triglyceride levels

less than 250 mg/dl

a good source of vitamin A

liver, eggs, fish, milk, carrots, sweet potato, pumpkin, and spinach

good sources of iron

liver, oysters, chickpeas, pumpkin seeds, and soybeans also red meats

factors affecting BMR

males have a higher in men: 1cal/kg of body weight per hour in women: 0.9 cal/kg of body weight per hour

A nurse gives a speech on nutrition to a group of pregnant clients. Within the model of the communication process, what is the speech itself known as?

message

aspiration

misdirection of oropharyngeal secretions or gastric contents into the larynx and lower respiratory tract

The healthcare provider of a client with oral cancer has ordered the placement of a GI tube to provide nutrition and to deliver medications. What would be the preferred route?

nasogastric intubation

vitamin B3

niacin helps convert food into energy and is essential for healthy nervous system

A nurse is teaching a client with urinary incontinence about fluid intake and the need to reduce fluids that may act as bladder irritants. The nurse determines that the teaching was effective when the client states she should avoid which fluids?

orange juice apple juice soft drinks

minerals

organic elements found in all body fluids and tissues some function to provide structure in the body, others help regulate body processes contained in the ash that remains after digestion macro minerals and micro minerals

peripheral parenteral nutrition

prescribed for patients who require nutrient supplementation through a peripheral vein because they have an inadequate intake of oral feedings

A pregnant client has been diagnosed with gestational diabetes. Which are risk factors for developing gestational diabetes?

previous large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infant hypertension obesity

saturated fats

raise cholesterol levels most animal fats are these

A school-age child loses their appetite secondary to side effects of chemotherapy. What will the nurse teach the parents about nutritional choices for the child?

"Let your child eat any foods that appeal to them right now."

Which client statement indicates a good understanding of the nutritional modifications needed to manage hypertension?

"Limiting my salt intake to 2 grams per day will improve my blood pressure."

The nurse is caring for a 13-year-old adolescent. The adolescent has been identified as overweight with no underlying psychologic or secondary causes. The nurse is reviewing the adolescent's weight-loss progress and nutrition at a follow-up visit. What statement by the parent indicates a need for further discussion and teaching?

"My adolescent's goal is to be a size smaller by our vacation in 2 weeks."

A nursing student is teaching healthy nutrition to a client who is vegetarian. Which statement by the nursing student requires the nursing instructor to intervene?

"Obesity is closely linked with vegetarianism."

The parents of an 8 year-old state, "I am happy that our child is healthy," when the nurse says that the child falls into the 95th percentile for BMI. How should the nurse respond?

For a child a BMI between the 85th and 95th percentile alerts us to the risk for being overweight. Let's talk about your child's diet and activity level."

The nurse is educating a woman about the importance of folic acid before conception and during pregnancy, to prevent neural tube defects in the fetus. The client plans to take prenatal vitamins and minerals. What food source would the nurse recommend to add to the woman's diet?

Green leafy vegetables

What symptoms should the nurse assess for in a client with lymphedema as a result of impaired nutrition to the tissue?

Ulcers and infection in the edematous area

A client receives tube feedings after an oral surgery. The nurse manages tube feedings to minimize the risk of aspiration. Which measure should the nurse include in the care plan to reduce the risk of aspiration?

Use semi-Fowler position during, and 60 minutes after, an intermittent feeding.

A client with schizophrenia is mute, can't perform activities of daily living, and stares out the window for hours. What is the nurse's first priority?

Assist the client with feeding.

The nurse is providing client teaching for a client undergoing chemotherapy. What dietary modifications should the nurse advise?

Avoid spicy and fatty foods.

An older adult client has a decubitus ulcer with drainage, dysphagia, and immobility. She consumes less than 300 calories per day and has a large amount of interstitial fluid. The client is in a state of:

negative nitrogen balance.

Fortification of foods with folic acid has resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of:

neural tube defects.

A client comes to the emergency department reporting becoming very ill after consuming shrimp and lobster. How will the nurse document this condition?

noncommunicable disease

The client is on a continuous tube feeding. The nurse determines the tube placement should be checked every

shift.

The dietitian is teaching a client about cholesterol reduction strategies. Which comment by the client indicates that he understands the teaching?

"I should avoid fats that are manufactured from vegetable oils and used to extend the shelf life of fast foods."

The nurse is providing discharge education for a new mother regarding constipation. Which statement by the mother indicates that she understands what the nurse explained to her?

"I will increase my intake of fruits and vegetables in my diet. I love to eat them anyhow."

A mother is concerned because her 14-month-old son, who had a big appetite when breastfeeding a few months ago, seems uninterested in eating solid food. She still breastfeeds him daily but is thinking of weaning him soon. How should the nurse respond to this mother?

"It is normal for toddlers to lose their appetites; try starting him with just a tablespoonful of food on his plate."

A new mother is concerned because it is 24 hours after birth and her breasts have still not become engorged with breast milk. How should the nurse respond to this concern?

"It takes about 3 days after birth for milk to begin forming."

Between her regularly scheduled visits, a woman in her first trimester of pregnancy who is taking iron supplements for anemia calls the nurse at her obstetrician's office reporting constipation. She reports that she has never had this problem before and asks for some advice about how to get relief. What is the best advice the nurse can give her?

Continue taking iron supplements but increase fluids and high-fiber foods; exercise more.

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with bulimia. The client is being treated for a serum potassium concentration of 2.9 mEq/L (2.9 mmol/L). Which statement made by the client indicates the need for further teaching?

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with bulimia. The client is being treated for a serum potassium concentration of 2.9 mEq/L (2.9 mmol/L). Which statement made by the client indicates the need for further teaching?

A woman who is overweight has been sent to have her basal metabolic rate (BMR) measured by her physician. Which statement most accurately describes an aspect of the BMR?

Variations in body mass account for many differences in BMR between individuals.

The provider notes that the client's hemoglobin is 8.2 g/dL (82 g/L). Which supplement will the provider recommend to the client?

Ferrous sulfate

The nurse is planning to give health-related education to adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). What topics should the nurse discuss specifically for these clients?`

Have a healthy, balanced diet Abuse of alcohol and drugs can cause ill effects Set small, specific, achievable goals

The nurse is educating the mother of a newborn about feeding practices. The nurse correctly advises the mother that:

the newborn's stomach can hold between 0.5 oz and 1 oz.

A nurse is working with a child undergoing behavioral modification therapy for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The nurse finds that the child is thin. What could be the most likely reason for this observation?

The child cannot sit through meals.

When teaching a client with iron deficiency anemia about appropriate food choices, the nurse encourages the client to increase the dietary intake of which foods?

Beans, dried fruits, and leafy, green vegetables

Pancreatic enzymes are part of the treatment in cystic fibrosis. When should the nurse administer the enzymes?

Before meals and snacks with milk

A nurse is caring for an infant. A serum blood sugar of 40 was noted at birth. What care should the nurse provide to this newborn?

Begin early feedings either by the breast or bottle.

Nutrition students are studying the nervous system, which has a high rate of metabolism. What is its major fuel source?

Glucose

What foods should the nurse suggest that the patient consume less of in order to reduce nitrate intake because of the possibility of carcinogenic action?

Ham and bacon

The nurse is discussing dietary intake with the parents of a 4-year-old child who has been diagnosed with atopic dermatitis. Later, the nurse notes the menu selection made by the parents for the child. Which selection indicates the need for further instruction?

peanut butter and jelly sandwich

Examination of a client's bladder stones reveal that they are primarily composed of uric acid. The nurse would expect to provide the client with which type of diet?

Low purine

The nurse is teaching a premenopausal client about dietary and lifestyle modifications that can reduce the risk factors for developing pelvic organ prolapse (POP). The nurse is describing which type of prevention?

primary

A 46-year-old obese client has been diagnosed with hypertension and type 2 diabetes. The client acknowledges the need to lose weight. The client recently visited a local fitness club, obtained a membership, and has signed up for their next water aerobics class. According to the Transtheoretical Model of Change, what stage of change is this client in related to her weight loss?

Preparation

The nurse is caring for a client with a chronic wound. The most important intervention for the nurse to include in the plan of care would be:

Vitamin C and zinc supplements

The most common symptom of esophageal disease is

dysphagia

A woman consumes pasta, grains, and other carbohydrates for which purpose?

energy

The nurse is caring for a client with hepatitis and jaundice. The nurse recognizes that without sufficient circulating bile salts the client will have intolerance to which ingested substance?

fats