Nutrition in Health: Chapter 13; Obesity, Energy Balance, and Weight Management

Identify the health problems associated with excess weight.

-CVD -hypertension -type 2 diabetes

When calculating your estimated energy requirement, you will need to incorporate your ______

-height -weight -age

The calories that cells use to carry out their activities is called _______.

energy output

Which hormone promotes glucose and fatty acid uptake, inhibits lipolysis, and promotes the production of new fat cells?

insulin

All of the following will increase an individual's BMR except _________

starvation

The technique used to measure the difference between the weight on a standard scale and that during submersion in water is called _________ _________.

underwater weighing

Central-body obesity is

-sometimes described as having an "apple" body shape. -more common in men. -symbolic of extra visceral fat stores,

Choose the true statements about hypothyroidism

-testing should be done for individuals with an unexplained weight gain. -associated with reduced metabolic rate. weight gain, and increased risk of overweight and obesity. -caused by the autoimmune destruction of thyroid tissue.

All of the following are examples of energy output EXCEPT:

Calories consumed in a large meal

_________ is a condition characterized by excessive and unhealthy amounts of body fat.

Obesity

The sense that enough food or beverages have been consumed to satisfy hunger is called __________.

Satiety

The following factor(s) can affect actual energy requirements ______.

age weight height

Obese individuals often have _______ medical care costs than people with healthy body weights.

greater

Which two variables are used to calculate a person's BMI?

height weight

The practice of living and responding to the present moment with an attitude of observance and nonjudgment is called ___________.

mindfulness

Match the term its correct definition: Basal metabolic rate Resting metabolic rate

-BMR: Minimal number of calories the body uses to support vital activities. -RMR: Body's rate of energy use a few hours after resting and eating.

Factors of energy output include:

-Digestion -Metabolism -Physical Activity

What mechanisms make energy balance complex?

-adaptive thermogenesis and NEAT vary from person to person -metabolic rates differ -hormone levels influence weight loss

When compared to direct methods of measuring energy expenditure, indirect methods ________.

-are generally complex in nature -involve minimal equipment

Choose factors that increase body fat accumulation

-high stress -hormonal imbalance -sleep deprivation

Which is an example of a logical approach to weight loss?

Increasing physical activity

________ is considered having extra weight from bone, muscle, body fat and/ or body water, whereas, _______ is a condition characterized by excessive and unhealthy amounts of body fat.

Overweight; obesity

A person's ________ is about 10% higher than his or her ______. ( it is acceptable to use abbreviations for this answer.)

RMR; BMR

Increasing your physical activity will ______ how many calories you burn.

increase

The percentage of obese American adults has ______ from 2000 to 2017.

increasedI

A person taking a _________ inhibitor for weight loss often takes a multiple vitamin supplement to replace fat-soluble vitamins lost when fat digestion is reduced by 30%

lipase

Choose the weight-loss medication currently approved by FDA for weight loss.

lipase inhibitor

Children are _____ likely to become overweight or obese if their mothers were overfat prior to becoming pregnant.

more

Between 2017 and 2018, approximately ______ of American adults over age 20 years were either obese or extremely obese.

50%

_________ medicine is the medical specialty that focuses on the treatment of obesity.

Bariatric

Choose the true statements about mindfulness.

-has been shown to be moderately effective for weight loss -involves formal meditation practice and informal daily mindfulness practices -may reduce emotional eating

Choose the factors that will increase a person's basal metabolic rate.

-lactation -stress -post- exercise recovery

When calculating your estimated energy requirement, you will need to incorporate your ________.

age weight height

A trendy weight-loss practice that has widespread appeal among the population as a "quick fix", often offering gimmicks or supplements, is called a _______ diet.

fad

Match the term with its correct definition Satiety Appetite Hunger

-Satiety: Feeling of fullness after consuming food. -Appetite: The psychological desire to eat -An uncomfortable feeling that drives a person to consume

Genetic factors that can play a role in the development of obesity include:

-hormone production -body frame -metabolic

Apple-shaped (central-body fat distribution) obesity is associated with ________.

-men with an "apple" body shape -increased risk for serious , chronic diseases

Choose factors that decrease body fat accumulation

-mindful eating practices -physical activity -healthy sleep

Fad diets

-offer a 'quick fix' to your weight problem -rely on testimonials for evidence of effectiveness -limit food selections to a few food groups

Factors that increase a person's basal metabolic rate include ________.

-periods of growth -tall stature - caffeine

Choose roles of insulin in energy balance.

-promotes glucose and fatty acid uptake -inhibits lipolysis in fat cells -promotes triglyceride synthesis in the liver

Choose the weight-loss practices that will help a person achieve a weight-loss.

-reduce intake of ultra-processed foods, refined carbohydrates, and sugars. -reduce calorie intake by 500 to 750. -assessing hormone levels that are known to affect body weight

The most costly conditions associated with obesity include______.

-type 2 diabetes -coronary artery disease -arthritis

People with hypothyroidism may experience _________.

-weight gain -reduced metabolic rate -fatigue

Energy ______ occurs when calorie intake matches calorie expenditure.

balance

The medical specialty that focuses on obesity treatment is known as _______.

bariatric

Combing _______ calorie intake with _______ physical activity is key for weight loss and weight maintenance.

decreased; increased

When the energy intake is equal to the energy output, body weight is maintained and the person is in ________.

energy balance

A trendy weight-loss practice that has widespread appeal among the population as a "quick fix", often offering gimmicks or supplements, is called a ______ diet.

fad

The method of estimating total body fat by weighing the individual on a standard scale and then weighing him or her submerged in water in known as ________.

hydrostatic weighing (underwater weighing)

Which of the following health problems is associated with excess weight?

type 2 diabetes

Choose the accurate statements that explain why energy balance is a complex process.

-weight gain varies even with the same amount overfeeding -weight loss produce differing fat and lean mass losses

Angela weighs 61 kg and is 1.6 meters. Calculate her BMI, rounding to the nearest whole number.

24

Andy weighs 220 pounds and is 6 feet tall. His BMI reading would be about _______.

30

_______ methods of measuring energy expenditure are generally complex and require sophisticated laboratory tools.

Direct

A person with central-body obesity has a body that is _____ shaped and a person with lower-body fat distribution has a body that is _____ shaped.

apple; pear