Nutrition Lipids
Short-chain fatty acids are usually less than ______ carbons in length.
6
What are some sources of saturated fat?
Beef Cheese Whole milk
What are some good food sources of omega-6 essential fatty acids?
Beef Poultry Sunflower oil
What are two major substances needed in order to digest lipids? Expand
Bile and pancreatic lipases (enzymes)
Phospholipids can be synthesized by the body
True
Which foods are good sources of phospholipids?
Wheat germ Peanuts Egg yolks
What is the structure of a glycerol molecule?
an alcohol containing three carbons
Why are alpha-linolenic and linoleic acids considered essential fatty acids?
because we must get them from food because our bodies are unable to synthesize them
Which lipoprotein carries dietary fat from the small intestine to cells?
chylomicron
What are some good sources of omega 6-fatty acids?
corn oil pumpkin seeds meat
Good food sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids are ____
corn oil safflower oil sunflower oil
A ________ is a triglyceride that loses a fatty acid.
diglyceride
Alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid are ________ fatty acids.
essential
The process of attaching fatty acids to glycerol is called
esterification
The release of fatty acids from glycerol is known as _________
hydrolysis
The release of fatty acids from glycerol is known as _________.
hydrolysis
Long chains of carbon atoms take the longest to digest and are transported via the ______ system.
lymphatic
What are some good sources of omega 6-fatty acids?
meat pumpkin seeds corn oil
a water-soluble droplet formed by bile acids that is a product of the emulsification process
micelle
During the process of hydrogenation, as the amount of added hydrogen increases, the fatty acid becomes
more saturated and solid
What is the recommendation for the intake of saturated fat according to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020?
no more than 10% of calories starting at age 2
Good food sources of monounsaturated fatty acids are _____
peanut oil olive oil canola oil
Which of the following defines the structure of a phospholipid molecule
phosphate group and two fatty acids
A primary component of cell membranes is
phospholipids
Which types of fat are less likely to become rancid because they have no or few double bonds in their carbon chains
saturated fats trans fats
The presence of fat in the_______triggers the release of cholecystokinin.
small intestine
Where does most fat digestion occur?
small intestine
along with phospholipids, forms cell membranes and allows fat-soluble substances to move into and out of the cell. It is also used to make bile and steroid hormones.
sterols
What is the function of an emulsifier
suspends fats in water
Identify the ways in which the carbon chains of free fatty acids can differ
the number of carbons in the chain the extent to which the chain is saturated with hydrogen
Products like Z-trim, gums, and Salatrim, are used by companies to do what with their food products?
to reduce the fat content
Margarine and shortening are major sources of ________.
trans fat
A chylomicron is primarily composed of ___________.
triglycerides
What are the three types of lipids?
triglycerides, sterols, phospholipids
Phospholipids can be synthesized by the body.
true
The body uses cholesterol to perform which tasks?
Make bile. Form cell membranes. Make sex hormones.
The body uses cholesterol to perform which tasks
Make bile. Make sex hormones. Form cell membranes.
In what organ are fat-soluble vitamins absorbed?
Small intestine
Which of the following organs are involved in fat digestion
Small intestine Pancreas Liver
Which statements are true about sterols
They contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Cholesterol is a common example.
plays an important role in triglyceride digestion.
lingual lipase
role is to help transport lipids through the water-based blood and lymphatic systems
lipoprotein
Which of these foods are good sources of omega-3 fatty acids?
Canola oil Flaxseeds Walnuts
What two major fatty acids are consumed by eating fatty fish and fish oil supplements?
EPA and DHA
Which two vegetable oils are best for consuming monounsaturated fat?
For MUFAs it is Olive oil and Canola Oil (can use avacado and peanut oil as well).
What is the key role of HDL?
Helps remove cholesterol from cells and excrete cholesterol from the body
containing a core of lipids with a shell composed of protein, phospholipid, and cholesterol
Lipoprotein
hat is the term for a compound containing a core of lipids with a shell composed of protein, phospholipid, and cholesterol?
Lipoprotein
What is the first step associated with the absorption of triglycerides?
Monoglycerides and free fatty acids enter the epithelial cells of the small intestine.
What are some good food sources of monounsaturated fatty acids
Olive oil Peanut oil
What three organs and/or glands produce lipase?
Pancreas Stomach Salivary glands
What is an important function of the phospholipid molecule
Phospholipids act as an emulsifier
Which type of fat becomes rancid because their double bonds are easily damaged by oxygen, heat, metals, or light
Polyunsaturated fats
What are some common "fat substitutes" used by companies to reduce the fat content of their foods?
Salatrim Gums
Which of the following are functions of cholesterol?
Synthesis of certain hormones Incorporation into cell structures Synthesis of certain bile acids
What is the major (1) phospholipid and (2) sterol consumed in the Average American diet?
The major phospholipid = lecithin (phosphatidyl choline) The major sterol = cholesterol
re-esterification
The process involves the reattaching of a fatty acid to a glycerol that has lost a fatty acid, whereas the process of hydrolysis involves the release of fatty acids from glycerol.
cholesterol
is a sterol used by the body to make both sex and adrenal hormones as well as the active form of vitamin D
A good example of an emulsifier is
lecithin bile
A good example of an emulsifier is ______.
lecithin bile