NUTRITION QUIZ 1 (Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8). NURS 220

Eric follows a vegetarian eating pattern, and he wants to know whether he needs to take any vitamin and mineral supplements. What would be most important to find out? a. Whether he includes complementary vegetable proteins b. Whether he follows a vegan eating pattern or eats some animal foods c. Whether his skin has regular exposure to sunlight d. Whether he relies on mostly natural or mostly processed foods

b. Whether he follows a vegan eating pattern or eats some animal foods

A person who follows a strict kosher diet would not eat a. macaroni and cheese. b. cheeseburger and fries. c. a bean-and-cheese burrito. d. roast beef with mashed potatoes.

b. a cheeseburger and fries.

A dietary fiber intake of 18g daily is considered a. the minimum recommended. b. below the optimal range of intake. c. within the optimal range of intake. d. above the optimal range of intake.

b. below the optimal range of intake

A patient fell off a bicycle and broke one arm and one leg. Immediately after the accident, the patient's body will be in a state of a. anabolism. b. catabolism. c. deamination. d. hypermetabolism.

b. catabolism.

Examples of mechanical digestion include a. activity of salivary amylase in the mouth. b. churning and mixing of food in the stomach. c. action of bile breaking fats into smaller droplet d. effects of secretin in stimulating the pancreas to release bicarbonate.

b. churning and mixing of food in the stomach.

The main reason for choosing organic foods is a. to support the local economy. b. concern for the environment. c. to improve nutrient intake. d. better taste and quality.

b. concern for the environment.

If dietary analysis shows that fat provides 31% of an individual's energy intake, their fat intake would be a. considered below the recommended range. b. considered within the recommended range. c. considered above the recommended range. d. generally recognized as safe.

b. considered within the recommended range.

An example of the lifestyle habit of "chaining" is a. gradually reducing intake of sugar-sweetened beverages. b. eating a piece of fruit with breakfast every day. c. keeping a record of all food and beverages eaten. d. involving all family members in choosing healthy foods.

b. eating a piece of fruit with breakfast every day.

If a patient receiving parenteral nutrition develops eczema, the patient probably has a. vitamin C deficiency. b. essential fatty acid deficiency. c. protein-energy malnutrition. d. phospholipid and sterol deficiency.

b. essential fatty acid deficiency.

For someone who is able to shop for food only once a month, the most nutritious fruits and vegetables would be _____ fruits and vegetables. a. fresh seasonal b. frozen c. canned d. dried

b. frozen

Athletes use physical training and dietary manipulation to increase their body stores of energy in the form of a. glucose. b. glycogen. c. amino acids. d. short-chain fatty acids.

b. glycogen.

The client most likely to benefit from use of medium-chain triglycerides is one who a. has essential fatty acid deficiency. b. has malabsorption because of removal of part of the small intestine. c. needs to gain weight after surgery and chemotherapy to treat bowel cancer. d. has high levels of both serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

b. has malabsorption because of removal of part of the small intestine.

The most important function of the villi of the small intestine is to a. increase the secretion of enzymes for digestion. b. increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients. c. excrete waste into the intestines. d. secrete hormones in response to nutrients in the gut.

b. increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients.

A client experiences bloating, gas, and diarrhea after eating ice cream or drinking milk. These symptoms are probably related to a. hypoglycemia. b. lactose intolerance. c. inadequate fiber intake. d. diverticulitis.

b. lactose intolerance.

For clients with phenylketonuria the most important part of treatment is to a. not eat any foods that contain phenylalanine. b. limit their phenylalanine intake to the amount their bodies need. c. take enzyme supplements to help digest phenylalanine. d. take penicillin to prevent complications.

b. limit their phenylalanine intake to the amount their bodies need.

A class of nutrients that is important in body structure and influences the function of muscles and the central nervous system is a. proteins. b. minerals. c. vitamins. d. carbohydrates.

b. minerals.

For the efficient functioning and maintenance of the body, a person needs to consume sufficient amounts of a. fiber. b. nutrients. c. minerals. d. supplements.

b. nutrients.

John wants to increase his dietary fiber intake. The best breakfast choice to help him achieve this goal would be a. pancakes and orange juice. b. oatmeal with raisins. c. scrambled egg and toast. d. blueberry muffin and jam.

b. oatmeal with raisins.

Nonessential amino acids can be made by the liver from a. glucose and urea. b. other amino acids. c. fatty acids and glycerol. d. enzymes and hormones.

b. other amino acids.

In a very poor country where the subsistence crop is corn and intake of animal protein is very limited, the population has a high risk for developing a. scurvy. b. pellagra. c. spina bifida. d. pernicious anemia.

b. pellagra.

For a busy client who works 50 hours a week, a helpful strategy for making healthy food choices is a) eating several small meals throughout the day. b) planning meals and snacks in advance. c) buying fruits and vegetables in season. d) using the Dietary Guidelines for Americans as a guide

b. planning meals and snacks in advance.

The main concern with increasing intake of high-fructose corn syrup is that it a. provides mostly fructose, which is poorly metabolized. b. provides energy but no nutrients. c. promotes storage of body fat. d. cultivates an increased desire for sweet foods and beverages.

b. provides energy but no nutrients.

One reason that increasing fruit and vegetable consumption helps decrease dietary fat intake is that fruits and vegetables a) are natural appetite suppressants. b) replace high-fat foods in the diet. c) are rich in antioxidants and phytochemicals. d) decrease absorption of fat from foods.

b. replace high-fat foods in the diet.

A blood glucose level of 60 mg/dL is considered to be a. inconclusive. b. representative of hypoglycemia. c. representative of normoglycemia. d. representative of hyperglycemia.

b. representative of hypoglycemia.

Sports drinks may be more beneficial than water for an athlete who a. is exercising in cold weather. b. runs for at least 2 hours, 4 days a week. c. experiences hunger during workouts. d. takes a 1-hour aerobics class 5 days a week.

b. runs for at least 2 hours, 4 days a week.

Some proteins contain an alpha helix, which is part of their _____ structure a. primary b. secondary c. tertiary d. quaternary

b. secondary

If clients want to use the food label to check the number of kilocalories in a product, they should also check the a) calories from fat. b) servings per container. c) Percent Daily Value. d) ingredient list.

b. servings per container.

If a meal is eaten at noon, by 8 PM that evening, the food would probably be in the a. stomach. b. small intestine. c. large intestine. d. colon.

b. small intestine.

It would be most difficult for the body to maintain homeostasis if over several days someone had an inadequate intake of a. calcium. b. sodium c. iron. d. fluoride.

b. sodium.

An example of a high-folate meal is a. fish, French fries, and coleslaw. b. spinach salad with orange segments. c. oatmeal with brown sugar and raisins. d. pork chops with applesauce.

b. spinach salad with orange segments.

An example of a meal that contains complementary proteins is a. pasta and tomato sauce. b. split pea soup with crackers. c. oatmeal and buttered toast. d. fruit yogurt with strawberries.

b. split pea soup with crackers.

One way to help clients follow the Dietary Guidelines for Americans is to encourage them to use a. Healthy People 2020. b. the MyPlate food guidance system. c. the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). d. the Exchange Lists for Meal Planning.

b. the MyPlate food guidance system.

An example of emulsification is a. chewing of food in the mouth. b. use of egg yolk to make mayonnaise. c. commercial hydrogenation of liquid oils. d. digestion of fat in the small intestine

b. use of egg yolk to make mayonnaise.

An example of a problem caused by a sphincter muscle not operating properly is a. constipation. b. gallbladder disease. c. heartburn. d. peptic ulcer.

c heartburn.

A healthy daily fat intake for someone who eats 3000 kcal per day is _____ g. a) 100 b) 33 to 83 c) 67 to 117 d) 600 to 1050

c) 67 to 117

The person who would have the highest need for thiamin is a) someone who lifts weights to maintain health. b) a pregnant woman. c) a professional cyclist. d) an older adult who walks 2 miles daily.

c) a professional cyclist.

If a patient has a torn ligament, then during healing and recovery, the patient's body would need to manufacture a. fibrin. b. albumin. c. collagen. d. hemoglobin.

c) collagen.

A busy and stressed person who eats very few fruits and vegetables and does not take time to exercise is likely to experience a. vomiting. b. diarrhea. c. constipation. d. lactose intolerance.

c) constipation.

High levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) are associated with an increased risk of a) diabetes mellitus. b) high levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc). c) coronary artery disease. d) high blood pressure and stroke.

c) coronary artery disease.

The number of double bonds present in the fatty acid chain determines the a) number of fatty acids attached to the glycerol molecule. b) number of glycerol molecules attached to a fatty acid. c) degree of saturation or unsaturation of a fatty acid. d) degree of saturation or unsaturation of the glycerol molecule.

c) degree of saturation or unsaturation of a fatty acid.

The most accurate statement about amino acids is that a. most amino acids contain sulfur. b. they are stored in the liver for use when needed. c. essential amino acids cannot be manufactured by body cells. d. nonessential amino acids cannot be manufactured body cells.

c) essential amino acids cannot be manufactured by body cells.

If a person did not produce bile a. fats would pass through the intestines undigested. b. fats would be digested and absorbed too quickly. c. fat digestion may occur more slowly. d. digestion of fat would be unaffected.

c. fat digestion may occur more slowly.

A dessert contains 4 g of protein, 30 g of carbohydrate, 15 g of fat, and 5 g of alcohol. The nutrient that provides the most kilocalories in the dessert is a. protein. b. carbohydrate. c. fat. d. alcohol.

c. fat.

Overall energy intake can be greatly affected by relatively small changes in intake of a. protein. b. carbohydrate. c. fat. d. alcohol.

c. fat.

A pregnant woman may look for a health claim on food labels that links a) sodium intake and risk of stroke. b) calcium intake and risk of osteoporosis. c) folic acid intake and risk of neural tube defects. d) fruit and vegetable intake and risk of heart disease

c. folic acid intake and risk of neural tube defects.

An individual would be described as having an external locus of control if he or she a. writes out a shopping list each week and generally buys only foods on the list. b. tries to eat mostly foods produced through organic and sustainable farming practices. c. has decided to eat a turkey sandwich but ends up ordering pizza with friends. d. tries to influence friends and family to help them make healthier food choices.

c. has decided to eat a turkey sandwich but ends up ordering pizza with friends.

Aspartame should not be consumed by a. infants and school-aged children. b. individuals who suffer from arthritis. c. individuals who have phenylketonuria (PKU). d. anyone who is underweight or trying to gain weight.

c. individuals who have phenylketonuria (PKU).

If a healthy person's blood glucose level is 120 mg/dL, his or her body would respond by releasing a. glucagon. b. somatostatin. c. insulin. d. epinephrine.

c. insulin.

An example of community support for health promotion is a. teaching a young mother skills in safe food preparation. b. watching a television documentary about industry errors in food processing. c. labeling fresh poultry packages with information about proper food storage. d. being aware that Salmonella can be transmitted because of inadequate food preparation.

c. labeling fresh poultry packages with information about proper food storage.

If someone's stomach is removed, his or her ability to digest carbohydrate would be a. limited to only disaccharides and monosaccharides. b. limited to only polysaccharides. c. largely unaffected. d. lost completely.

c. largely unaffected.

If the large intestine did not carry out its main function, feces would be a. alkaline. b. acidic. c. liquid. c. very dry.

c. liquid.

The type of anemia associated with folate deficiency is _____ anemia. a. microcytic b. pernicious c. megaloblastic d. iron deficiency

c. megaloblastic

Fructose, galactose, and glucose are examples of a. disaccharides. b. polysaccharides. c. monosaccharides. d. complex carbohydrates.

c. monosaccharides.

Most mechanical breakdown of food occurs in the a. large intestine. b. liver and pancreas c. mouth and stomach. d. esophagus and mouth.

c. mouth and stomach.

The protein found in muscles whose function is similar to that of hemoglobin in blood is a. collagen. b. oxyglobin. c. myoglobin. d. myosin.

c. myoglobin.

Nutrients are considered to have become part of the body only once they have a. been placed inside the mouth. b. been swallowed. c. passed through the microvilli cells. d. been stored throughout the body.

c. passed through the microvilli cells.

An example of a meal with high levels of biotin is a a. cheese-and-tomato sandwich. b. roast beef and mustard sandwich. c. peanut butter and jelly sandwich. d. vegetarian sandwich with avocado and alfalfa sprouts.

c. peanut butter and jelly sandwich.

If a patient complained of muscle weakness, confusion, decreased appetite, and irregular heartbeat, it would be important to check blood levels of a. sodium. b. calcium. c. potassium. d. magnesium.

c. potassium.

A beneficial effect of bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber in the colon is a. production of intestinal gas. b. providing monosaccharides for energy. c. production of short-chain fatty acids. d. production of long-chain fatty acids.

c. production of short-chain fatty acids.

The person who is most likely to develop dental caries is one who a. eats dessert after each meal. b. drinks two or three regular soft drinks every day. c. snacks on candy bars between meals. d. chews gum throughout the day.

c. snacks on candy bars between meals.

Peristalsis is necessary to make it possible for people to _____ food. a. chew b. digest c. swallow d. smell and taste

c. swallow

If someone chewed a piece of bread for a long time, its taste would become a. unchanged. b. salty. c. sweeter. d. bitter.

c. sweeter.

An appropriate size serving of meat, poultry, or fish is about the size of a. your fist. b. a dollar bill. c. the palm of your hand. d. one fourth of a dinner plate.

c. the palm of your hand.

Niacin can be manufactured by the body from the amino acid a. alanine. b. arginine. c. tryptophan. d. phenylalanine.

c. tryptophan.

The adjectives mechanical and chemical describe two a. actions needed to cook food. b. ways to move substances in the body. c. types of action that result in digestion. d. ways in which molecules are transported into and out of cells.

c. types of action that result in digestion.

If mine workers were trapped in a mine and it took several days for a rescue team to reach them, the nutrient that they would need most in order to survive is a. protein. b. carbohydrates. c. water. d. vitamins.

c. water.

The best way to ensure adequate nutrient intake is to eat plenty of a. refined grains. b. enriched grains. c. whole grains. c. fiber supplemen

c. whole grains.

A meal planning guide that would be helpful for patients who need to closely monitor their intake of calories, carbohydrates, protein, and fat is the a) National Fruit and Vegetable Program. b) MyPlate food guidance system. c) Dietary Guidelines for Americans. d) Exchange Lists for Meal Planning.

d Exchange Lists for Meal Planning.

If the small intestine did not release secretin, the result would be that a) the stomach would not release gastric juices to moisten and begin digestion of swallowed food. b) the gallbladder would not release bile to help the process of fat breakdown. c) peristalsis would slow down, and food would move very slowly through the intestines. d) the chyme entering the small intestine would be too acidic for digestive enzymes to work.

d) The chyme entering the small intestine would be too acidic for digestive enzymes to work.

An eating behavior that is most likely to have a negative long-term effect on health is a) a monthly meal out at an expensive restaurant. b) eating French fries with lunch once a week. c.) avoiding a specific fruit or vegetable. d) drinking one can of sugar-sweetened beverage every day

d) drinking one can of sugar-sweetened beverage every day.

An example of a food that contains complete protein is a) oatmeal. b) lentil soup. c) peanut butter. d) hard-boiled egg.

d) hard-boiled egg.

Release of digestive secretions into the small intestine is caused by _____ that are released when _____. a) enzymes; food enters the stomach b) enzymes; food enters the small intestine c) hormones; food enters the stomach d) hormones; enters the small intestine

d) hormones; enters the small intestine

The most significant effect of bacteria in the mouth is fermentation of a) dietary fiber, which promotes formation of beneficial short-chain fatty acids. b) dietary fiber, which increases intestinal gas production. c) simple carbohydrates, which promote production of sugar alcohols and causes halitosis. d) simple carbohydrates, which promote formation of plaque and tooth decay.

d) simple carbohydrates, which promote formation of plaque and tooth decay.

Colon cancer runs in Jane's family. She may be able to decrease her risk of developing this cancer if she increases her intake of a) fish and bran. b) apples, strawberries, and citrus fruit. c) oatmeal, barley, and legumes. d) whole grains and vegetables

d) whole grains and vegetables.

In a comparison of food products, the description that means the lowest fat content per serving is a. "lean." b. "very lean." c. "light." d. "low fat."

d. "low fat."

If a client is trying to increase intake of dietary fiber, a useful symbol to look for on the food label would be the a) MyPlate food guidance graphic. b) U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) 100% Organic seal. c) "Fruits & Veggies—More Matters" logo. d) 100% Whole Grain stamp.

d. 100% Whole Grain stamp.

A client works at a fast food restaurant and usually orders a cheeseburger and regular soda at lunchtime. What would be the most simple recommendation to make this a healthier choice? a. Eat the meat patty and cheese without the bun, and drink juice. b. Do not add ketchup or mustard, and drink cappuccino. c. Skip this meal and fast until dinner. d. Omit the cheese from the burger, and drink skim milk.

d. Omit the cheese from the burger, and drink skim milk.

Jacob usually eats a sandwich with salami, mayonnaise, lettuce, and tomato on wheat bread for lunch. What change would be most helpful in decreasing his risk of cardiovascular disease? a. Add sprouts instead of tomato. b. Switch to whole-wheat bread. c. Omit the mayonnaise. d. Replace the salami with turkey.

d. Replace the salami with turkey.

For someone with diabetes mellitus, high blood glucose levels may be caused by high intakes of a. refined carbohydrates. b. any type of food. c. any type of sugar. d. any type of carbohydrate.

d. any type of carbohydrate.

To decrease intake of saturated fatty acids and increase intake of polyunsaturated fatty acid, one dietary change would be from using _____ to using _____ oil. a. shortening; coconut b. margarine; olive c. soybean oil; canola d. butter; sunflower

d. butter; sunflower

The Nutrition Facts panel on a food label is useful for a) determining the ingredients in a product. b) determining the ease of preparing a product. c) comparing the price value of two or more products. d. comparing the nutritional value of two or more products

d. comparing the nutritional value of two or more products

Excessive intake of high-sodium, high-fat foods can lead to diet-related illnesses such as a. genetic disorders, hypertension, and diabetes. b. hypertension and sickle cell anemia. c. viral infections that necessitate antibiotics. d. coronary artery disease and hypertension.

d. coronary artery disease and hypertension.

An indirect benefit of the "Fruits & Veggies—More Matters" program is a. better understanding of fruit and vegetable preparation techniques. b. increased availability of fruits and vegetables in "food deserts." c. eating more fresh produce in season. d. decreasing dietary fat intake.

d. decreasing dietary fat intake.

A mother tells you that she does not allow her young children to eat while they watch television, even though her husband often eats high-fat, sugary foods while they watch television as a family. The most important thing to discuss with her is the a. genetic factor of preference for sweet and salty tastes. b. influence of ethnicity on preference for sour tastes. c. children's weights when they were born and their weights now. d. environmental effects of parental food choices and television watching.

d. environmental effects of parental food choices and television watching

In a research study, subjects in one group decrease their intake of saturated fat and cholesterol, and those in a control group maintain their current level of intake for 2 years, with regular monitoring of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This type of research study is called a(n) a. case study. b. epidemiologic study. c. monitoring study. d. experimental study.

d. experimental study.

The person who is mostly likely to need to be concerned about the adequacy of his or her protein intake is a a. male bodybuilder. b. woman who walks 30 minutes per day. c. man who plays basketball twice a week. d. female vegetarian runner with a low kilocalorie intake.

d. female vegetarian runner with a low kilocalorie intake.

A teenaged client is hungry and goes to the refrigerator for a snack. A holiday has just been celebrated at her home, and many of her favorite foods are available. She selects some slices of turkey and cup of her aunt's special fruit salad. this is an example of a. bingeing. b. abundance. c. food choice. d. food preference.

d. food preference.

If a food that is usually made with hydrogenated oil is made with vegetable oil instead, one potential concern is that the a. flavor will be significantly different. b. food will feel oily to the touch. c. food will contribute more to cardiovascular risk. d. food will have a shorter shelf life.

d. food will have a shorter shelf life.

The end product of starch digestion in the body is a. sucrose. b. maltose. c. glycogen. d. glucose.

d. glucose.

A good lunch choice for someone who wants to increase intake of omega-3 fatty acids would be a. peanut butter and jelly sandwich. b. lentil soup. c. salad with olive oil dressing. d. grilled tuna sandwich.

d. grilled tuna sandwich.

High levels of glucocorticoid hormones are likely to be produced by someone who a) participates in a weight-training program. b) consumes excessive amounts of protein. c) is pregnant. d) has a large infected wound.

d. has a large, infected wound.

A small child has normal weight, but his arms and legs are thin, whereas his belly and face appear swollen. His mother tells you that the only food they have had in the house for the past 3 weeks is noodles and some bread. The child probably has a. malabsorption syndrome. b. acute infection. c. marasmus. d. kwashiorkor.

d. kwashiorkor.

A person who complains of problems with gas, bloating, and diarrhea if he or she eats breakfast cereal with milk, but not if he or she eats pancakes or waffles, may have a. milk allergy. b. gluten intolerance. c. irritable bowel syndrome. d. lactose intolerance.

d. lactose intolerance.

The best way for someone to measure fluid loss during a workout is a. the amount needed to satisfy thirst b. volume of urine production. c. change in body temperature. d. loss of body weight.

d. loss of body weight.

Some choline can be synthesized by the body from a. glycerol. b. cholesterol. c. tryptophan. d. methionine.

d. methionine.

If a salad dressing is made with olive oil, it would contain mostly _____ fatty acids a. trans b. saturated c. polyunsaturated d. monounsaturated

d. monounsaturated

Peter has been very ill and has not eaten for 3 days. In order to provide carbohydrate for his brain and other cells, his body will break down a. body fat. b. liver glycogen. c. blood glucose. d. muscle protein.

d. muscle protein.

A nutrient that can be made by the body is called a. essential. b. complete. c. incomplete. d. nonessential.

d. nonessential.

The best description of an enzyme is a(n) a. chemical messenger. b. acid and alkali buffer. c. emulsifier. d. organic catalyst.

d. organic catalyst.

Of the following fats, the one that is most likely to be liquid is a. milk fat. b. beef drippings. c. coconut oil. d. peanut oil.

d. peanut oil.

An example of a situation in which nitrogen balance is positive is a. aging. b. infection. c. starvation. d. pregnancy.

d. pregnancy.

The best description of a fat with high amounts of trans fatty acids is that it is a. liquid at room temperature. b. found naturally in tropical oils. c. easily transformed from one state to another. d. produced by hydrogenation of plant oils.

d. produced by hydrogenation of plant oils.

When someone walks by a bakery and smells the fresh bread, his or her mouth starts to water. As the person thinks about eating the fresh bread, another digestive function that starts to occur is a. peristalsis in the small intestine. b. stimulation of pancreatic secretions. c. increased blood flow to the gut and liver. d. release of the hormone gastrin in the stomach.

d. release of the hormone gastrin in the stomach.

If a registered dietitian is concerned about the adequacy of a client's vitamin C intake, he or she would want to find out whether the client a. drinks milk. b. follows a vegan diet. c. has regular exposure to sunlight. d. smokes cigarettes.

d. smokes cigarettes.

Vegetables are likely to be highest in vitamin C if they are a. boiled. b. canned. c. stir-fried. d. oven roasted.

stir-fried.

Body proteins may become denatured in the presence of a a. drug overdose. b. very high fever. c. vitamin deficiency. d. high stress level.

very high fever.

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is able to assess the overall nutritional and health status of Americans because A. the populations surveyed are representative of the total population. B. it focuses on ethnic and socioeconomic groups at greatest risk. C. it collects large volumes of survey data from all over the nation. D. survey methods and standards are consistent from year to year.

A. the populations surveyed are representative of the total population.

What is the main difference between passive diffusion and active transport? a) In active transport, the villi membrane surrounds the substance. b) Active transport requires energy; passive diffusion does not. c) Passive diffusion is involuntary; active transport is voluntary. d) Active transport requires enzymes; passive diffusion does not.

B) Active transport requires energy; passive diffusion does not.

The primary reason for chewing sugar-free gum instead of sugar-sweetened gum is that sugar-free gum a) is calorie-free and helps with weight control. b) contains sugar alcohols that do not promote dental caries. c) contains gums that provide soluble dietary fiber. d) is sweeter than sugar-sweetened gum because it contains artificial sweeteners.

B) contains sugar alcohols that do not promote dental cavities.

Since the 1970s, consumption of refined white sugar has decreased, mostly because a) health-conscious consumers are using less of it. b) use of high-fructose corn syrup has increased. c) use of artificial sweeteners has increased. d) use of honey and other natural sweeteners has increased.

B) use of high-fructose corn syrup has increased.

A client has heard that nutrients can be converted to other nutrients in the body. He takes high-dose vitamin C supplements because he believes this will supply his body's need for other vitamins. What would you tell him? A. He should switch to a multivitamin supplement instead of just vitamin C. B. Each vitamin has a specific function and needs to be supplied through a variety of foods. C. Vitamin C can provide only water-soluble vitamins, and he still needs to consume fat-soluble vitamins. D. Vitamin C supplements should be taken only when he has symptoms of a cold or influenza.

B. Each vitamin has a specific function and needs to be supplied through a variety of foods.

A good source of calcium for someone who follows a strict vegetarian (i.e., vegan) diet would be A. coconut milk. B. a bean burrito. C. skim milk. D. pasta salad.

B. a bean burrito.

If an athlete ran a marathon, sweated profusely, and drank only water with some sugar to replace fluids and carbohydrate, his or her body would increase secretion of A. adrenaline. B. aldosterone. C. alanine. D. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

B. aldosterone.

A client grew up on a farm and learned to prepare foods with butter and lard produced by the farm animals. She is now in her 60s and has just learned that she has coronary artery disease. To best meet her physical needs, as well as psychological needs, the health practitioner should A. suggest that she adopt a low-fat vegetarian dietary pattern. B. ask how she usually prepares foods and suggest ways to reduce the use of animal fat. C. advise her to eat more fruits and vegetables and to replace some of the animal fat with palm and coconut oil. D. advise her to avoid adding fat to foods and eat only very lean poultry and fish.

B. ask how she usually prepares foods and suggest ways to reduce the use of animal fat.

A bodybuilder tells you that all of his meals and snacks include high-protein foods such as eggs, canned tuna, chicken, milk, and cheese. Most of the extra protein is probably used by his body to form A. strong bones and joints. B. body fat stores. C. healthy brain tissue. D. increased muscle mass.

B. body fat stores.

In countries where the staple food source is unleavened bread made from whole grains, zinc deficiency may be prevented by eating A. refined grains. B. breads with yeast. C. fortified grains. D. bread in which the grains were soaked before being baked.

B. breads with yeast.

The client who would benefit most from an increase in dietary fiber intake is one with A. fatigue. B. constipation. C. dehydration. D. coronary heart disease.

B. constipation.

To provide adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals, the best course of action is to A. lose weight to achieve ideal body weight. B. eat a variety of foods from each food group. C. follow the same general food pattern each day. D. consume foods high in fiber and low in saturated fat.

B. eat a variety of foods from each food group.

Foods that are good sources of preformed vitamin A include A. sweet potatoes. B. egg yolk. C. Tomatoes. D. carrots.

B. egg yolk.

The best example of the type of concern that is likely to be addressed by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services when target goals for Healthy People 2030 are updated is A. preference for vegetarian eating patterns among white women. B. low intake of fruits and vegetables by African American children. C. widespread use of bottled water in higher socioeconomic groups. D. common use of protein and vitamin supplements in athletes.

B. low intake of fruits and vegetables by African American children.

A 45-year-old man tells you that he drinks 3 ounce of Scotch whiskey most evenings. His alcohol intake is considered A. insignificant. B. moderate. C. higher than is recommended. D. dangerously high.

B. moderate.

An overweight client has been trying to lose weight for years. She tells you that she believes she is genetically designed to be overweight and that the foods available in supermarkets today make weight loss impossible. The client's attitude shows A. positive self-efficacy. B. negative self-efficacy. C. poor environmental health. D. poor emotional health.

B. negative self-efficacy.

A healthy female middle-aged client asks what she can do to prevent the development of type 2 diabetes. Weight control and nutrition strategies discussed are considered A. primary treatment. B. primary prevention. C. secondary prevention. D. tertiary prevention.

B. primary prevention.

A family with three young children has limited income, relies on public transportation, and has just moved into a very old apartment complex with old plumbing and lead pipes. The best recommendation to minimize lead exposure would be to A. use only bottled water. B. run the tap water for 2 minutes before using it. C. boil the tap water for 2 minutes before using it. D. use only hot water for drinking, cooking, and preparing food

B. run the tap water for 2 minutes before using it.

Vitamin K deficiency could be a problem in someone who A. does not produce intrinsic factor. B. uses antibiotics for several months. C. struggles with alcoholism. D. has limited skin exposure to sunlight.

B. uses antibiotics for several months.

Examples of informal education include A. attending a workshop on coronary artery disease sponsored by the American Heart Association. B. watching a television show about diabetes. C. learning about food safety techniques in a high school economics course. D. joining a support group to help overcome an eating disorder.

B. watching a television show about diabetes.

The total amount of energy in a bowl of soup that contains 5 g of protein, 2 g of fat, and 20 g of carbohydrate is _____ kcal. a. 27 b. 108 c. 118 d. 133

C. 118

The first signal that the body needs fluid is A. dark, concentrated urine. B. the sensation of hunger. C. the sensation of thirst. D. headache.

C. The sensation of thirst

Secondary magnesium deficiency is most likely to occur in A. areas where access to fresh fruits and vegetables is limited. B. clients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. C. association with excessive vomiting and diarrhea. D. association with dehydration attributable to heat exposure.

C. association with excessive vomiting and diarrhea.

Interstitial fluid is the body fluid A.. within the cells. B/ outside the cells. C. between the cells. D. in the bloodstream.

C. between the cells.

Long-term dietary calcium intake has the greatest effect on A. body temperature. B. muscular strength. C. bone calcium levels. D. blood calcium levels.

C. bone calcium levels.

An example of a food with high levels of phosphorus is a. rice. b. carrots. c. cheese. d. bananas.

C. cheese.

Of the following, the food choice that contains the least sodium is A. cornbread. B. corn tortilla. C. corn on the cob. D. buttered popcorn.

C. corn on the cob

The most reliable source of iodine in the United States is A. seafood. B. dairy products. C. fortified table salt. D. residues of cleaning products.

C. fortified table salt.

For a mother with two children who works in health care management 60 to 70 hours a week, the biggest barrier to healthy eating is likely to be A. lack of concern for her own or her children's health. B. inadequate income to purchase healthy foods. C. insufficient time to plan and prepare healthful meals. D. lack of knowledge about healthy eating.

C. insufficient time to plan and prepare healthful meals.

The most likely cause of vitamin toxicity is A. high intake of fortified foods. B. increased absorption as a result of medications. C. long-term use of megadose supplements. D. high intake of nutrient-dense foods.

C. long-term use of megadose supplements.

If a woman who drinks a cup of decaffeinated coffee in the morning, a cup of fruit juice with lunch, 6 cups of water throughout the day, and a cup of tea at bedtime, her fluid intake would be considered A. dangerously low. B. below optimal. C. optimal. D. too high.

C. optimal.

An example of a meal with high levels of vitamin K is a. grilled shrimp with rice and green beans. b. eggs, bacon, and hash browns. c. stir-fried beef with broccoli. d. bacon, lettuce, and tomato sandwich.

C. stir-fried beef with broccoli.

An example of a technique for health promotion is A. exercising five times a week. B. local supermarkets' expanding the availability of fresh fruits and vegetables. C. teaching a teenager how to choose healthier foods at fast-food restaurants. D. information about the relationship of dietary intake and diet-related disorders.

C. teaching a teenager how to choose healthier foods at fast-food restaurants

The main reason that the adequate intake (AI) for vitamin D increases in older adults is that A. their ability to absorb dietary vitamin D is diminished. B. conversion of vitamin D to its active forms is less efficient. C. their skin is less efficient in synthesizing vitamin D during sun exposure. D. they require more vitamin D than do younger adults to maintain bone health.

C. their skin is less efficient in synthesizing vitamin D during sun exposure.

The main reason that young women require more dietary iron than young men is A. that they absorb iron less efficiently. B. to compensate for their lower muscle mass. C. to replace blood losses during menstruation. D. that they recycle hemoglobin more rapidly.

C. to replace blood losses during menstruation

A sodium intake of 2100 mg daily by a healthy 42-year-old adult would be considered A. below the adequate intake (AI) for adults. B. above the adequate intake (AI) for adults. C. within the adequate intake (AI) for adults. D. within the accepted range for older adults

C. within the adequate intake (AI) for adults.

Rickets would be most likely to develop in a(n) A. elderly frail adult who lives alone. B. Asian college student who does not drink milk. C. white toddler who has been weaned from breast milk. D. 9-month-old breastfed African American baby.

D. 9-month-old breastfed African American baby.

Having only softened tap water at home would be of most concern to a(n) A. pregnant woman. B. full-time student who also works part-time. C. elderly woman with osteoporosis. D. retired man with hypertension.

D. Retired man with hypertension.

The term bioavailability means the A. total amount of a mineral in a food. B. ratio of free mineral to bound mineral in a food. C. amount of a mineral that is excreted by the body. D. amount of a mineral that can be absorbed by the body from a food.

D. amount of a mineral that can be absorbed by the body from a food.

Dehydration is most likely to have a negative effect on A. digestion of food. B. storage of excess energy. C. nerve impulse conduction. D. body temperature regulation.

D. body temperature regulation.

8. In an older adult who is usually very alert, disorientation may be a sign of A. iron deficiency. B. malnutrition. C. edema. D. dehydration.

D. dehydration.

The first step to ensure adequate intake of vitamins is to A. use a daily multivitamin supplement. B. increase fortification of key foods in the food supply. C. target specific supplements for specific subgroups of the population. D. ensure that the diet includes a variety of foods from all of the food groups.

D. ensure that the diet includes a variety of foods from all of the food groups.

Dietary fluoride is important for A. decreasing staining of teeth. B. decreasing sensitivity of teeth. C. stimulating production of saliva. D. increasing the strength of tooth enamel

D. increasing the strength of tooth enamel

The primary reason that many Americans use vitamin supplements on a regular basis is that A. supplements taste better than food. B. this practice is necessary for good health. C. it is cheaper than consuming an adequate diet. D. It is easier than making dietary and behavioral modifications.

D. it is easier than making dietary and behavioral modifications

The best description of blindness caused by vitamin A deficiency in developing countries is that it is A. temporary and treatable. B. infectious and often fatal. C. limited to night blindness. D. permanent but preventable.

D. permanent but preventable.

When clients have a strong family history of both heart disease and cancer, the nurse should encourage them to reduce their intake of A. dietary fiber. B. protein. C. monounsaturated fat. D. saturated fat.

D. saturated fat.

Lifestyle changes that may help prevent development of osteoporosis include A. reducing intake of animal protein. B. eating a piece of fruit with lunch every day. C. reducing intake of whole grains. D. taking a 30-minute walk most days.

D. taking a 30-minute walk most days

As a home health care nurse, you are visiting a 70-year-old client who has just returned home from the hospital after being treated for coronary artery disease. The medical nutrition therapy developed for him by the hospital dietitian is considered A. palliative care. B. primary prevention. C. secondary prevention. D. tertiary prevention.

D. tertiary prevention.

If a middle-aged couple with two teenage children has insufficient income to purchase food, the most helpful program for them would be the a. MyPlate food guidance system. b. National School Lunch and School Breakfast Programs. c. Federal government's Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). d. Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).

Federal government's Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

A client tells you that he cannot eat most green vegetables because they taste too bitter. What is the most likely explanation? a. He has certain genetic taste markers that make him a "super taster." b. He associates eating green vegetables with unpleasant childhood memories. c. He needs to train himself to enjoy the acquired taste of bitter vegetables. d. He is making an excuse to avoid making healthful changes in his eating habits.

a He has certain genetic taste markers that make him a "super taster."

In comparison with table sugar (sucrose), honey tastes _____ because it contains _____. a) sweeter; fructose b) sweeter; maltose c) less sweet; fructose d) less sweet; maltose

a) Sweeter; fructose

Without vitamin B6, the body would be unable to a) absorb amino acids. b) digest proteins. c) convert ammonia to urea. d) regulate acid-base balance.

a) absorb amino acids.

Most fat enters the lymphatic system after a. absorption. b. circulation. c. metabolism. d. hydrogenation.

a) absorption.

A client who is a bodybuilder eats large quantities of tuna, chicken, and lean meats every day. Any extra energy from these foods that the client's body does not need will be stored as a) adipose tissue. b) essential body fat. c) muscle tissue. d) glycogen.

a) adipose tissue.

The most important function of hydrochloric acid in the stomach is to a) convert pepsinogen to its active enzyme form, pepsin. b) denature dietary proteins to allow digestion. c) kill bacteria in food and prevent foodborne illness. d) stop the action of salivary amylase.

a) convert pepsinogen to its active enzyme form, pepsin.

A person would be most likely to produce excessive ketones if his or her food intake that day consisted only of a) green salad with oil and vinegar dressing. b) refried pinto beans and rice. c) cheeseburgers and French fries. d) fried eggs with bacon and hash brown potatoes.

a) green salad with oil and vinegar dressing.

If pancreatic secretions were absent.. a) there would be no bicarbonate to buffer the acid in chyme entering the duodenum. b) mechanical digestion in the stomach would be inhibited. c) the hormone secretin would not be secreted by the small intestine. d) the gallbladder would not contract to release bile into the small intestine.

a) there would be no bicarbonate to buffer the acid in chyme entering the duodenum.

Why are health professionals concerned about the trend toward eating more food away from home? a) Larger portion sizes often contribute to excessive caloric intake. b) Eating away from home means less social interaction. c) Eating out tends to decrease the variety of foods eaten. d) Restaurant meals are associated with more sedentary lifestyles.

a. Larger portion sizes often contribute to excessive caloric intake.

The most useful part of the food label for clients who want to make sure they choose foods high in nutrients is the a) Percent Daily Value. b) health claims c) organic seal. d) amount of nutrients per serving.

a. Percent Daily Value.

If an older adult develops delusions and hallucinations, it is important to check his or her blood levels of a. vitamin B12. b. intrinsic factor. c. folic acid. d. thiamin.

a. Vitamin B12.

An alternative to hydrogenation to increase the shelf life of polyunsaturated fat is the addition of a. vitamin E. b. vitamin D. c. hydrogen. d. zinc.

a. Vitamin E.

Of the following, the food that would provide the most energy per ounce is a. butter. b. tuna. c. pasta. d. hard candy.

a. butter.

A client exercises regularly and wants to make sure that he has sufficient energy for his workouts. The type of nutrient that will be most helpful in providing the energy he needs is a. carbohydrates. b. water. c. minerals. d. protein.

a. carbohydrates.

The action of salivary amylase in the mouth is an example of a. chemical digestion. b. chewing. c. mechanical digestion. d. peristalsis and segmentation.

a. chemical digestion.

A good way to increase intake of riboflavin would be to a. eat cereal with skim milk for breakfast instead of toast and juice. b. replace romaine lettuce salad with spinach salad. c. drink orange juice instead of apple juice. d. make sandwiches with whole grain bread instead of white bread.

a. eat cereal with skim milk for breakfast instead of toast and juice.

The factor that is most effective in increasing muscle mass is a. exercise. b. low fat intake. c. high protein intake. d. amino acid supplements.

a. exercise.

A young woman recently married tells you that she is excited to have children. She should be especially careful to consume adequate amounts of a. folic acid. b. vitamin B12. c. pyridoxine. d. vitamin E.

a. folic acid.

The most beneficial function of cholesterol in the body is a. formation of sex hormones, bile, and vitamin D. b. depositing plaques in arteries. c. being part of cell membrane structure. d. solubility in both water and fat.

a. formation of sex hormones, bile, and vitamin D.

The sweetness in a banana comes mostly from a. fructose and sucrose. b. fructose and glucose. c. glucose and maltose. d. maltose and sucrose.

a. fructose and sucrose.

An example of an athlete who is most likely to benefit from a multivitamin or mineral supplement that provides 100% of the Daily Recommended Intake (DRI) is a a. gymnast. b. swimmer. c. bodybuilder. d. football player.

a. gymnast.

Eating a bowl of oatmeal for breakfast every day may help prevent a. heart disease because it contains soluble fiber. b. high blood pressure because it contains potassium. c. hypoglycemia because it contains complex carbohydrate. d. osteoporosis because it contains calcium and vitamin D.

a. heart disease because it contains soluble fiber.

High urinary urea excretion may be caused by a. high protein intake. b. phenylketonuria. c. kidney failure. d. administration of growth hormone.

a. high protein intake.

The body process over which people have most conscious control is a. ingestion. b. digestion. c. metabolism. d. excretion.

a. ingestion.

Janet eats beans, grains, fruits, and vegetables, and milk. Her diet is considered a. lacto vegetarian. b. ovo-lacto vegetarian. c. flexitarian. d. vegan.

a. lacto vegetarian.

An example of a food with a low glycemic index is a. lentil soup. b. a bagel. c. a sports drink. d. cornflakes cereal.

a. lentil soup.

Sources of invisible fat include a. pastries and pies. b. bacon and chicken with skin. c. butter and sour cream. d. oil and vinegar salad dressing.

a. pastries and pies.

Scurvy would be most likely to occur in someone who lives in a a. remote village in northern Minnesota. b. farming community in Florida. c. city in central California. d. fishing community on the coast of Maine.

a. remote village in northern Minnesota.

A homeless man is brought into the emergency room with muscle weakness, loss of coordination, and tachycardia. He has alcohol on his breath. He may be suffering from a deficiency of a. thiamin. b. riboflavin. c. niacin. d. folate.

a. thiamin.

Dehydration may occur after a. vomiting and diarrhea. b. constipation and heartburn. c. esophagitis and anemia. d. gastroesophageal reflux and hiatal hernia.

a. vomiting and diarrhea.

If peristalsis were to reverse direction, the result would be a. vomiting. b. diarrhea. c. constipation. d. intestinal failure.

a. vomiting.

Healing of a broken bone is an example of a. anabolism. b. catabolism. c. absorption. d. metabolism.

anabolism.

During acute bacterial infections, patients need extra protein to manufacture a. hormones. b. antibodies. c. antibiotics. d. enzymes.

antibodies.

The part of the digestive system that is easiest to live without is the a. taste buds. b. gallbladder. c. large intestine. d. appendix.

appendix.

The sports coaches at a university are designing training diets for their teams. Why do they need to provide more protein for the men's rowing team than for the women's rowing team? a) The men's team is more active than is the women's team. b) The men's team has more lean body mass than does the women's team. c) The men's team has a higher metabolic rate than does the women's team. d) The men's team uses dietary protein less efficiently than does the women's team.

b) The men's team has more lean body mass than does the women's team.

An example of catabolism is the a. building of new muscle tissue during growth. b. breakdown of glucose to provide energy. c. synthesis of protein from amino acids. d. use of enzymes to digest protein and release amino acids.

b) breakdown of glucose to provide energy.

A client who is trying to follow a low-fat eating pattern tells you that he or she has experienced diarrhea. You may want to find out whether he or she has a) eaten foods made with the fat substitute carrageenan. b) eaten foods made with the fat substitute olestra. c) greatly increased intake of fish and seafood. d) developed essential fatty acid deficiency.

b) eaten foods made with the fat substitute olestra.

Someone who follows a strict vegetarian (vegan) diet and eats very few refined foods is likely to have _____ intake of _____ carbohydrates and dietary fiber. a) low; complex b) high; complex c) low; simple d) high; simple

b) high; complex

The bloodstream carries nutrients to the liver soon after absorption because the liver a) produces hormones that regulate blood glucose level. b) is an important site of metabolism and production of vital substances. c) is able to determine which substances should be stored and eliminated. d) has functions similar to those of the stomach in relation to the digestive process.

b) is an important site of metabolism and production of vital substances.

A client who wishes to avoid blood clots may benefit from regular intake of a) fish oil capsules. b) salmon. c) lecithin. d) olives and olive oil.

b) salmon.

The property of protein that is most important to its buffering properties is a) its ability to create osmotic pressure in intravascular, intracellular, and interstitial fluids. b) the fact that amino acids include both an acid carboxyl group and an amine base group. c) its ability to pump nutrients and other vital substances across cell membranes. d) its communication (hormones) and catalytic (enzyme) functions that help regulate body functions.

b) the fact that amino acids include both an acid carboxyl group and an amine base group.

If a person usually ate 2 ounces of lean meat at lunchtime and decided to substitute cooked lentils instead, how much of the lentils would the person need to eat? a. 2 tablespoons b. 1/2 cup c. 2/3 CUP d. 1 cup

b. 1/2 cup

A cup of frozen yogurt contains 24 g of carbohydrate, 2 g of fat, and 4 g of protein. The total number of kilocalories in the frozen yogurt is a. 110. b. 130. c. 140. d. 162.

b. 130.

The RDA of protein for a healthy adult who weighs 60 kg is _____ g/day. a. 36 b. 48 c. 60 d. 72

b. 48

If a client wants to lose 1 lb. of body fat each week, he or she would need to make sure that the daily calorie intake was lower than the daily energy needs by _____ kcal/day. a. 350 b. 500 c. 900 d. 3500

b. 500

An example of someone who has a relatively high risk for vitamin deficiencies is a(n) a. 45-year-old half marathon runner. b. 85-year-old man living independently. c. college-age woman living with roommates. d. breastfed newborn.

b. 85-year-old man living independently.

Deficiencies are likely to develop most rapidly with low intake of vitamin a. A. b. C. c. D. d. E.

b. C

In working with an ethnic minority population, a helpful way to increase health literacy could be to A. Invite members of the community to help identify needs and teaching strategies. B. encourage acculturation and adoption of healthful American eating patterns. C. set up a feeding program to provide healthy food for members of the community. D. use visual aids rather than written materials during health education encounters.

A. Invite members of the community to help identify needs and teaching strategies.

If someone took a 6-hour car ride in an air-conditioned vehicle without making any bathroom stops, they weigh less at the end of the trip than at the beginning because A. of insensible fluid losses from the skin and lungs. B. body fat stores would be metabolized for energy. C. muscle mass would be lost. D. fluid would be lost through sweating.

A. Of insensible fluid losses from the skin and lungs.

If people want to maximize their absorption of calcium, they should avoid drinking A. tea. B. milk. C. orange juice. D. bottled water.

A. Tea

The most easily absorbed form of iron is found in A. a grilled pork chop. B. tomatoes cooked in an iron skillet. C. collard greens cooked with bacon. D. spinach salad with strawberries.

A. a grilled pork chop.

For a client who is missing meals because of poor planning or is too busy to eat, emotional health can be affected by _____, which can cause confusion or anxiety. A. low blood sugar levels B. high blood sugar levels C. high blood pressure D. extremely low blood pressure

A. low blood sugar levels

If a college student is eating only one small meal per day in an attempt to lose weight and is taking high doses of vitamin and mineral supplements to try to make up for the lack of food, the student would be described as having A. malnutrition. B. disordered nutrition. C. overnutrition. D. undernutrition.

A. malnutrition.

Hemosiderosis, storage of too much iron in the body, is most likely to occur in a(n) A. man who drinks five or more alcoholic beverages every night. B. adolescent who drinks four or more soft drinks daily. C. toddler who prefers drinking milk to eating meals. D. pregnant woman who takes iron supplements.

A. man who drinks five or more alcoholic beverages every night.

A nurse has just been assigned to a community health program for older adults. She should check the document Healthy People 2020 to become familiar with A. nutrition priorities and goals for older American adults. B. dietary standards for Americans older than 50 years. C. dietary guidelines recommended for older adults. D. MyPlate recommendations for older adults.

A. nutrition priorities and goals for older American adults.

Foods rich in antioxidant vitamins include A. oranges and vegetable oils. B. apples and butter. C. carrots and olive oil. D. mushrooms and milk.

A. oranges and vegetable oils.

Combinations of amino acids link together to form A. protein. B. carbohydrates. C. dietary fiber. D. lipids.

A. protein.

If an elderly client who lives alone and has a limited income has edema, it would be important to evaluate his or her dietary intake of sodium and a. protein. b. calcium. c. chloride. d. potassium.

A. protein.

A male client is 38 years old. He is married with two children, aged 7 and 9 years. Both he and his wife work full time. What other information would be important to know when showing him how to use MyPlate to develop a personalized food plan? a) His wife enjoys cooking home-made meals. b) He is currently training to run a marathon. c) Both his father and mother both have type 2 diabetes. d) He has an allergy to nuts.

b. He is currently training to run a marathon.

In choosing between two types of canned soup with regard to the best source of calcium, what information would you look for? a. Dairy products in the ingredient list b. The Percent Daily Value for calcium c. Health claims related to calcium content d. A "Good source of calcium" description

b. The Percent Daily Value for calcium

A patient is admitted to the hospital with confusion, memory loss, and ataxia. What other information would lead you to suspect that his symptoms may be caused by secondary thiamin deficiency? a. The patient has very limited funds and has been eating mainly rice and beans. b. The patient admits that he struggles with alcoholism. c. The patient is recovering from a minor stroke. d. The patient has a family history of Alzheimer's disease.

b. The patient admits that he struggles with alcoholism.

People tend to feel full for longer after eating a high-fat meal rather than a low-fat meal because a) ingestion of fat causes release of hormones that signal a feeling of fullness to the brain. b) food stays in the stomach for longer to allow emulsification by bile and digestion by gastric enzymes. c) fat in the duodenum causes release of gastric inhibitory polypeptide, which decreases peristalsis of the stomach. d) metabolism of the products of fat metabolism by the liver takes longer than metabolism of other nutrients.

c) fat in the duodenum causes release of gastric inhibitory polypeptide, which decreases peristalsis of the stomach.

A triglyceride is a compound composed of a) glycerol with two fatty acids attached. b) glycerol with three amino acids attached. c) glycerol with three fatty acids attached. d) organic molecules formed in triangular chains.

c) glycerol with three fatty acids attached

Most physically active adults in America do not need to eat more protein than inactive adults because a) exercise does not increase protein needs as long as energy needs are met. b) exercise increases the efficiency of recycling amino acids so that extra needs are met endogenously. c) most people have high enough protein intake to provide the extra protein needed for active muscles. d) most Americans are not sufficiently active to cause an increase in protein requirements.

c) most people have high enough protein intake to provide the extra protein needed for active muscles.

The number of kilocalories provided by 23 g of fat is a. 92. b. 161. c. 207. d. 230

c. 207.

A single mother has epilepsy and does not drive. She works full time from home, and her three children take the bus to school. She generally rides her bike or walks wherever she needs to go. What would be your greatest concern related to the family's nutritional well-being? a. It is not safe for someone with epilepsy to prepare food with sharp knives and a hot stove. b. She is unlikely to be able to afford healthy food for three children as a single mother. c. Because she does not drive, she may not have access to affordable and high-quality food. d. Working full time would not leave her enough time to prepare nutritious food for her family.

c. Because she does not drive, she may not have access to affordable and high-quality food.

For someone with coronary heart disease, what would be the most helpful piece of information on a food label? a. Total calories per serving b. Milligrams of cholesterol per serving c. Grams of saturated fat per serving d. Grams of total fat per serving

c. Grams of saturated fat per serving

The layer of the gastrointestinal tract that contributes most to mechanical digestion of food is the a. mucosa. b. submucosa. c. muscularis. d. serosa.

c. Muscularis

For a client who follows a vegan diet, the most helpful meal planning tool would be a. the Healthy Eating Plate, produced by the Harvard School of Public Health. b. the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid, from Oldways Preservation and Exchange Trust. c. the Power Plate, created by the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine. d. Exchange Lists for Meal Planning, from the American Diabetes Association and

c. The Power Plate, created by the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine.

The most important property of phospholipids that makes them valuable both in foods and in the body is that they a. carry fat-soluble vitamins. b. are useful as low-energy fat substitutes. c. are soluble in water and fat at the same time. d. function as natural antioxidants.

c. are soluble in water and fat at the same time.

An example of a good food for replacing glycogen stores is a. raw carrots. b. string cheese. c. breakfast cereal. d. scrambled eggs.

c. breakfast cereal.

Examples of individuals who may have an increased risk for malnutrition include a. inactive middle-aged men. b. sleep-deprived adolescents. c. children with chronic infections. d. breastfed infants.

c. children with chronic infections.

The best way to ensure intake of a variety of phytochemicals is to a. take a daily multivitamin supplement that includes phytochemicals. b. increase intake of soy-based foods, such as soy milk, tofu, and soy flour. c. choose whole grains and include at least five servings of fruits and vegetables daily. d. include at least three servings of dairy products daily and use a variety of herbs and spices.

c. choose whole grains and include at least five servings of fruits and vegetables daily.

An example of a beverage that may have a demonstrated ergogenic effect is a. milk. b. beer. c. coffee. d. ginseng tea.

c. coffee.

Increased consumption of fruits and vegetables would be most beneficial to someone with a. arthritis. b. diarrhea. c. constipation. d. osteoporosis.

c. constipation.

If the speed of peristalsis were to increase, the result would be a. heartburn. b. vomiting. c. diarrhea. d. constipation.

c. diarrhea.

The most important functions of the small intestine are a. digestion and denaturation. b. segmentation and excretion. c. digestion and absorption. d. peristalsis and mechanical digestion.

c. digestion and absorption.

The most helpful general recommendation for making healthy food choices would be to a) focus on organic and natural foods. b) learn to use the Nutrition Facts Panel on food labels. c) eat more food from plant sources and less food from animal sources. d) replace refined grain products with whole grain foods.

c. eat more food from plant sources and less food from animal sources.

Of the following, the most important overall dietary modification to help reduce the risk of chronic disease is a. eating fewer foods that contain preservatives. b. buying mostly locally grown foods. c. eating more plant-based foods. d. eating more animal-based foods.

c. eating more plant-based foods.

The primary function of carbohydrates in the body is to provide a. sweetness. b. satiety. c. energy. d. dietary fiber.

c. energy.

For most Americans, the most significant nutrition concerns are: a. lack of interest in making healthy food choices. b. poor availability of fruits and vegetables in many areas. c. excessive intake of saturated fats, cholesterol, sodium, and sugars. d. inadequate intake of key vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals.

c. excessive intake of saturated fats, cholesterol, sodium, and sugars.

If a person were to eat a diet that provided carbohydrate, fat, and micronutrients, but very little protein, for example if he or she ate only whole-wheat pita bread with olive oil: a) the body would manufacture amino acids to make essential proteins from fatty acids and glycogen. b) body metabolism would decrease to conserve amino acids until protein intake was resumed. c) the liver would recirculate amino acids instead of breaking them down and excreting urea. d) the body would break down muscle tissue to provide amino acids to make essential proteins.

d. the body would break down muscle tissue to provide amino acids to make essential proteins.

If whole milk is stored in a clear bottle in a refrigerator with a glass front a. the milk fat may separate and rise to the top of the bottle. b. some of the protein in the milk may become denatured. c. the ultraviolet light exposure may destroy the vitamin D. d. the ultraviolet light exposure may destroy the riboflavin.

d. the ultraviolet light exposure may destroy the riboflavin.

After a high-carbohydrate meal, the dominant process would be a. glycogenesis. b. glycogenolysis. c. gluconeogenesis. d. glucagon production

glycogenesis.

If a man weighs 190 lb. and eats 150 g protein per day, his protein intake is _____ of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). a. less than 100% b. between 100% and 150% c. between 150% and 200% d. greater than 200%

greater than 200%

An example of an athlete who is most likely to benefit from a multivitamin or mineral supplement that provides 100% of the Daily Recommended Intake (DRI) is a

gymnast.

Chemicals that act as messengers are called a. proteins. b. hormones. c. enzymes. d. nerve impulses.

hormones.