Nutrition Quiz #2

The nurse is discussing healthy weight gain with a client who is obese and planning to become pregnant. What statement indicates the client understands the nurse's teaching regarding health weight gain during pregnancy?

"At the high end of the range, I can gain 20 pounds."

The nurse is preparing the client to make the necessary dietary changes from pregnancy to lactation. What statement should the nurse include in client teaching?

"Even if you have adequate fat stores, calorie intake should be increased."

The nurse is teaching a client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to understand the necessary diet changes. The nurse knows that the client understands the teaching when the client makes what statement? A. "I need to increase my protein intake." B. "I should restrict my protein intake." C. "I ought to cut back on my sodium consumption." D. "I will reduce my potassium intake."

"I should restrict my protein intake."

The health care provider has recommended the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet for a client who needs to lower blood pressure. When the client asks what specific nutrient in this diet makes it effective, how should the nurse respond? A. "Its effectiveness can't be attributed to any single component." B. "It's actually due to the low sodium content." C. "The high potassium content is what makes the diet effective." D. "Researchers think the focus on lean proteins is the primary reason."

"Its effectiveness can't be attributed to any single component."

The nurse is working with a group of clients in a weight loss clinic. One client asks if their obesity results from genetic makeup. What is the best way for the nurse to respond? A. "Lifestyle and environment along with genetics play a role in obesity." B. "Obesity is caused mainly by low activity level." C. "Having obese parents guarantees a person will be obese." D. "Obesity is largely determined by the food choices people make."

"Lifestyle and environment along with genetics play a role in obesity."

While conducting a nutrition class for older adults, the nurse explains this population is at increased risk for vitamin D deficiency. What is one explanation the nurse will provide for this risk?

"The ability to synthesize vitamin D on the skin decreases with age."

The nurse is teaching the client with nephrotic syndrome about the disease process. What should the nurse include in teaching? A. "The kidneys function at half their normal ability." B. "The body loses albumin through the urine." C. "You should increase your intake of protein to at least 1.5 g/kg of bodyweight." D. "You should eat at least 70 calories per kilogram of bodyweight."

"The body loses albumin through the urine."

The nurse is conducting teaching with a client who has recently been diagnosed with bulimia nervosa. The client asks the nurse what the underlying issue is for the behavior associated with this eating disorder. What would be the nurse's best response? A. "It tends to happen to people who are obsessed with their size." B. "It is a problem that usually occurs in people who had a difficult childhood." C. "The cause is unique for each person; there are lots of factors involved." D. "The disorder affects people who generally have low self-worth."

"The cause is unique for each person; there are lots of factors involved."

A client who is 23 weeks pregnant tells the nurse she is considering taking an herbal supplement to help relax in the evenings. What would be the nurse's best response?

"The safety of herbs in pregnancy is not known."

The nurse is working with a client who immigrated to the U.S. and now has health issues associated with a typical American diet. How can the nurse most therapeutically begin a discussion about dietary changes?

"What foods from your previous diet are available in the grocery store?"

A client with a body mass index (BMI) of 28 who hopes to reduce reliance on blood pressure medication is seeing the clinic nurse to develop a weight loss plan. What information should the nurse teach the client related to this goal? A. "You should aim to lose at least 5% of your body weight." B. "Blood pressure can improve with a 3% reduction of body weight." C. "A weight loss of 30 to 35 pounds will probably be enough." D. "You are unlikely to lose enough weight to affect your medication requirements."

"You should aim to lose at least 5% of your body weight."

The nurse is conducting an assessment on a new client who is being admitted to the long-term care facility. The client is a 76-year-old male who is moderately active. What is the recommended daily calorie intake?

2200 calories

The client is an active 15-year-old boy who leads a moderately active lifestyle. To maintain his weight, approximately how many calories may he need per day?

2600 calories (2200 if sedentary, up to 3000 calories if very active)

The nurse is monitoring a dialysis client whose urine output is 400 mL in 24 hours. The nurse realizes this client is on a fluid restriction. What would the fluid allowance be for this client? A. 1400 mL B. 1900 mL C. 2600 mL D. 4000 mL

1400 mL UO + 1000mL

The nurse is working with a client who wants to make dietary changes to decrease blood pressure. The nurse should recommend the client's daily intake of sodium be reduced to what amount if the client typically consumes 2000 calories/day? A. 1500 mg B. 2000 mg C. 2500 mg D. 3000 mg

1500 mg

A client has a history of type 2 diabetes and hypertension. The client's renal function has slowly been deteriorating. The nurse, when reviewing the daily diet with the client, notices the sodium intake may be too high. The nurse reminds the client to limit sodium intake to what value? A. 1000 mg/day B. 1500 mg/day C. 2000 mg/day D. 2500 mg/day

1500 mg/day

A parent of a sedentary female adolescent is concerned that their 15-year-old daughter is "is very inactive." The parent wants to drop her to 900 calories a day, so that she will lose weight. What should the nurse suggest?

1800 calories per day, increase activity level

The nurse is helping the parents of a 3-year-old plan a healthy eating pattern for the child. What would the nurse recommend as an age-appropriate serving size for the child?

3 tbs. ( 1 tbs per year until age 4-6, then adult size portions)

The mother of a 3-month-old infant asks the nurse in the breastfeeding clinic when the baby will be able to eat solids. What age range should the nurse identify as appropriate?

6-8 months

The nurse is providing education to families about identifying signs of an eating disorder. The nurse should mention what physical signs when discussing anorexia nervosa with these families? Select all that apply. A. Amenorrhea B. Lanugo C. Diarrhea D. Hypotension E. Hypervitaminosis D

Amenorrhea Lanugo Diarrhea Hypotension

A young parent asks, "Is it possible to give my child too much milk?" The nurse should explain that young children who drink too much milk are at risk for what disorder?

Anemia

A client giving their infant a bottle of formula each night when laying the child down to sleep. What problem is this infant most likely at risk for?

Baby bottle caries

The nurse is seeing a client who has a body mass index (BMI) of 36 along with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. The client has tried restrictive dieting unsuccessfully several times. The nurse knows the client should be considered for which intervention? A. Orlistat B. Bariatric surgery C. Behavior modification D. Phentermine

Bariatric surgery

The nurse is reviewing the food log of a client whose blood pressure is elevated. Which item on the log would the nurse suggest that the client limit? A. White potatoes B. Dried fruit C. Bread D. Seafood

Bread

The nurse is caring for a client with uremia that has impacted his nutritional status. The nurse should anticipate that this client's appetite will be the best at what time of the day? A. Breakfast B. Lunch C. Dinner D. Bedtime

Breakfast

The nurse is teaching a group of student nurses the importance of knowing the potassium content of foods when helping their clients who have chronic kidney disease (CKD). The students are instructed to list fruits and vegetables according to their content of low, medium, and high potassium. Which foods will the nurse expect the students to list as medium-potassium or high-potassium foods? Select all that apply. A. Brussels sprouts B. Kale C. Grapes D. Celery E. Tomatoes F. Sweet potatoes

Brussels sprouts Kale Celery Tomatoes Sweet potatoes

You are speaking with the family of an older adult who recently arrived to the United States. The client was raised in a family with traditional values. What are some differences you can expect?

Circumstances due to fate rather than personal control, human interest over sense of time, formality, directness considered to be rude

The nurse is counseling family members of an older adult about the client's fluid intake. What statement should the nurse include in teaching?

Consume water throughout the day

The nurse is discussing the various food types with a new client. During the discussion, the nurse explains that rice, wheat, and corn are common examples of which type of food?

Core foods

A child has just come in from school and wants a snack. The parent is trying to maintain a healthy diet for the family by following the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. What would be the best snack the parent could provide?

Crackers with peanut butter, fruit Avoid salty low nutrient foods (potato chips) and sweets (ice cream, etc.)

The nurse is caring for a client with anorexia. When developing the plan of care, the nurse should include a goal that focuses on increasing what? A. Daily calorie intake B. Fat intake C. Protein intake D. Daily weight

Daily calorie intake

When unemployment increases, how does it change what people buy at the grocery store?

Decrease in fruit and vegetable purchases

The school nurse is providing nutrition education to parents of adolescents. What practice should the nurse suggest to help reduce the risk for obesity in this age group?

Eat dinner as a family

The nurse is helping a client prepare menus to reflect dietary changes the health care provider has ordered due to the client's recent diagnosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). What recommendations should the nurse make? Select all that apply. A. Add 2 eggs a day to the diet. B. Emphasize low-fat protein sources. C. Take a daily multivitamin/multimineral supplement. D. Eat more whole grain foods. E. Use non-tropical vegetable oils.

Emphasize low-fat protein sources. Eat more whole grain foods. Use non-tropical vegetable oils.

Acculturation of people of Mexican descent may result in changes in their diet. Acculturation tends to cause a decrease in what dietary component?

Fiber

The nurse educator is preparing a class on cultural considerations in nutritional patterns. Which statements should the nurse include regarding acculturation?

First generation may adhere to traditional foods longer than subsequent generations American foods change with the influx of new groups

How do the food desert and food swamp differ?

Food desert; lack of access to fresh foods, typically with a low income population also Food swamp; access to food that is largely poor quality, poor nutritional value

The nurse is providing teaching about feeding hazards with toddlers to a group of parents. What food should the nurse include when discussing the risk for choking?

Grapes

The nurse is teaching senior clients about osteoarthritis (OA). The nurse recognizes teaching has been effective when a client identifies what as the greatest known modifiable risk factor of OA of the knee?

High body mass index

A nurse is recommending foods to avoid for a client who is pregnant. When discussing the need to avoid eating swordfish, what does the nurse identify as the risk associated with consumption?

High levels of mercury, which can lead to neurological impairments

. How does level of education affect food purchases during both good and bad economic times?

Higher education level typically leads to better choices

. The client is interested in breastfeeding but will need to return to work once her maternity leave is over. When the client asks for how long she should continue breastfeeding her child, how should the nurse respond?

If possible, nothing but breast milk for the first 6 months

A family member is concerned that an older adult client does not have adequate nutritional intake. When counseling the family member on ways to improve the client's nutritional intake, what will the nurse identify as a risk factor for malnutrition among the older adult population?

Impaired socialization

The nurse is caring for a client taking iron and erythropoietin for anemia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Before administering the prescribed medications, the nurse teaches the client that iron will be given by what route? A. Oral B. Intravenous C. Enteral D. Intramuscular

Intravenous

A client tells the clinic nurse that she is having cravings for nonfood items such as laundry starch, clay, and ice. The nurse anticipates this client is most likely at risk for what problem?

Iron deficiency, the condition is called pica

The nurse is conducting nutrition teaching with a client who just passed a kidney stone. The client asks what can be done to decrease the risk for developing more kidney stones. What advice should the nurse include in teaching? A. Limit intake of sugar sweetened beverages. B. Eliminate dairy products from the diet. C. Reduce calcium intake. D. Consume at least 1.5 L of fluid each day.

Limit intake of sugar sweetened beverages.

The nurse is caring for a client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and who is on a low-protein diet. Which dietary recommendation should the client be given when adjusting the diet? A. Eat all the meat allowances early in the day. B. Measure protein portion sizes. C. Increase intake of grains and vegetables. D. Eat more vegetable sources of protein.

Measure protein portion sizes.

The nurse is conducting an educational session about overweight and obesity. When discussing the complications associated with obesity, what should the nurse be certain to include? A. Obstructive sleep apnea B. Kidney stones C. Intestinal polyps D. Seizure disorders

Obstructive sleep apnea

The nurse is teaching the client about the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and its use to lower blood pressure. The nurse should explain that the diet's high level of what nutrient helps contribute to lowering blood pressure? A. Potassium B. Sodium C. Glucose D. Phosphorus

Potassium

While leading a class on measures to control risk of cardiovascular disease, the nurse instructs attendees on limiting sodium intake. What will the nurse identify as the largest source of sodium in the American diet? A. Salt added during cooking B. Salt added at the table C. Processed foods D. Natural sources of sodium

Processed foods

The 74-year-old client who has been hospitalized for 1 week has developed a pressure ulcer on the sacrum. What nutritional intervention is most likely to be incorporated into the treatment plan?

Protein increase

When treating a client for anorexia nervosa (AN), it is important to know what diet interventions work best. Which diet interventions are appropriate for clients with anorexia nervosa? Select all that apply. A. Increasing sodium intake B. Providing small, frequent feedings C. Supplementing with vitamins and minerals D. Selecting all foods for the client E. Avoiding fats

Providing small, frequent feedings

The nurse is providing education to a client regarding the cardiovascular health risk factors associated with consuming dairy products, beef, pork, poultry, and lamb. What do these foods contain that makes them problematic? A. Saturated fat B. Polyunsaturated fat C. Monounsaturated fat D. Omega-3 fat

Saturated fat

The nurse is discussing nutritional needs with a client who is considering pregnancy. The nurse correctly tells the client caloric needs typically start to increase at which point in the pregnancy?

Second trimester

The nurse is caring for an individual with nephrotic syndrome. When reviewing the client's daily laboratory results, the nurse would be concerned by an elevation in which values? A. Sodium and potassium B. Sodium and urea C. Potassium and cholesterol D. Protein and chloride

Sodium and urea

The nurse is providing education to clients who are prescribed protein-restricted diets. What teaching point should the nurse include? A. Eat all the protein in one meal. B. Take protein supplements as needed. C. Cook all the protein in the microwave. D. Spread the protein out over the whole day.

Spread the protein out over the whole day.

When economic times are hard, how do health behaviors change?

They increase

A pregnant client reports the intention to exclusively breastfeed her baby. The nurse will advise the client to supplement the child's intake with what vitamin beginning soon after birth?

Vitamin D

The client asks at what age can a child take milk and what kind, the nurse answers

Whole milk can be started at age 1. Until then, breast milk or formula must continue