Nutrition Review
Positive Protein Balance
- Rachel recently sustained burns over 15% of her body. She is in an outpatient burn center and is receiving food by mouth, dietary supplements, and tube feedings in order to achieve her nutrition needs to promote healing - Quinn is a 3 month old baby who is breastfeeding and whose weight has doubled since she was born
Negative Protein Balance
- Stella is an elderly woman with an aggressive form of cancer who resides in a nursing home. She has lost her desire to eat and she has lost 12% of her body weight in the past six months. - Barney has a rare intestinal disease that causes him to leach protein out of his intestinal tract; the gastroenterologist explains to him that he is losing more protein that he is getting in his diet each day
Equilibrium (protein balance)
- Travis is a relatively healthy male adult who weighs 185 pounds (84 kg) and eats about 67 grams of dietary protein per day - Larissa recently participated in a nutrition research study in which the dietitian determined that her protein intake equals protein losses each day
Nonessential amino acid
- also called dispensable amino acid - the body can make endogenously - aspartic acid is this type of amino acid
Essential amino acid
- also called indispensible amino acids - must be supplied by food in the diet - tryptophan is this type of amino acid
The RDA for protein in a healthy adult is
0.8 g/kg of body weight
If a food contains 300 calories and 80 calories comes from fat, what percentage of fat calories would that be?
27%
Carbohydrates provide how many calories per gram?
4
Proteins contain how many cals/g?
4
An example of a saturated fat would be
Butter
A protein that contains all essential amino acids is called
Complete protein
Nonessential amino acids
Cysteine Tyrosine Alanine
One of Lisa's college classmates is an aspiring body builder with questionable nutrition knowledge. He eats more than the recommended amount of dietary protein but tells Lisa he heard at the gym that this is actually helpful to the body. All of the following are accurate descriptions of what excess dietary protein does except
Excess dietary protein is stored as muscle mass
The majority of the triglycerides in the body are stored in the
adipose tissue
Put the components of fat digestion and absorption in their appropriate order from first (1) to last occurring event (8).
1) Lipase breaks triglycerides down into monoglycerides and fatty acids in the small intestine 2) Monoglycerides and fatty acids absorbed by the small intestine cells are repackaged into triglycerides 3) Small intestine cells package triglycerides into chylomicrons 4) Chylomicrons enter the lymphatic system and the bloodstream 5) Triglycerides in the chylomicron are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol by lipoprotein lipase 6) Fatty acids are released to the bloodstream and glycerol circulates back to the liver 7) Muscle cells use absorbed fatty acids immediately for fuel and adipose cells re-form fatty acids into triglycerides for storage 8) Chylomicron remnant removed from circulation by the liver and its components are recycled to make other lipoproteins and bile acids
There are how many nonessential amino acids?
11
Based on the AMDR for protein for healthy adults, a person consuming 2,200 kcal daily should consume at least _______ grams of protein daily.
55 2,200 kcal * 0.10 = 220 kcal from protein 220 kcal/4 kcal per gram of protein = 55 g protein
If you weigh 205 pounds, what is the total RDA recommended amount of protein in grams that you need in a day?
74
A) NH2 B) CH3 C) C double bonded to O & single bonded to OH
A) Amino group B) R group C) Carboxylic acid group
Lysine is a nonessential amino acid
False
Simple forms of carbohydrates are called starches
False
True or False: Protein intake should be greater than carbohydrate intake after a workout
False
True or False: To ensure muscle hypertrophy, athletes should increase their protein intake to above 2.0 g/kg of body weight
False
The monosaccharide that is also called fruit sugar
Fructose
The enzymatic digestion of starch begins in the
Mouth
A fatty acid that has two or more double bonds is called an
Polyunsaturated fatty acid
A major stomach enzyme for digesting proteins is
Pepsin
Protein functions include all of the following except
Provide cushioning for the organs
Drag the lipid descriptor to its appropriate label on the Lipids Concept Map.
Triglycerides Phospholipids Sterols Monoglycerides Cholesterol Saturated fat Unsaturated fat Monosaturated Polyunsaturated Omega-3 Fatty acods Omega-6 fatty acids
If the liver is depleted of its glycogen, the body produces carbohydrates mostly from proteins in the body.
True
Saturated fats are solid at room temperature
True
The liver is a critical center in amino acid metabolism
True
Essential amino acids
Tryptophan Methionine Lysine
All of the following are true relating to the intake of carbs and physical performance except:
When eaten during exercise, it takes 60-90 minutes for carbs to be used as energy