Nutrition Study Set

Sources of Iron: Non heme

Beans / legumes Whole grains Veggies Heme is only in animal products

Sources of Vitamin D

Fortified foods Sunlight Fatty fish Eggs

cardiac diet

Low sodium No caffeine Low cholesterol - no deep fried

polyuria

excessive urination

A nurse is preparing dietary recommendations for a client with a lung abscess. Which statement would be included in the plan of care?

"You must consume a diet rich in protein, such as chicken, fish, and beans." The nurse encourages a client with a lung abscess to eat a diet that is high in protein and calories in order to ensure proper nutritional intake. A carbohydrate-dense diet or diets with limited fats are not advisable for a client with a lung abscess.

A client has been prescribed a protein intake of 0.6 g/kg of body weight. The client weighs 154 pounds. The nurse calculates the daily protein intake to be how many grams? Enter the correct number ONLY.

42 The client's weight of 154 pounds is equal to 70 kg. The client is to receive 0.6 g of protein for each 1 kg of body weight. 0.6 g/kg x 70 kg = 42 grams.

A dietary modification for a patient with Ménière's disease would be:

A decrease in sodium intake to 1500 mg daily. Patients with Ménière's disease can be successfully treated by adhering to a low-sodium (1000 to 1500 mg/day) diet, with no caffeine and alcohol.

A group of students are reviewing material in preparation for a test on the male and female breasts. The students demonstrate understanding of the material when they identify which of the following?

A primary function of the female breast is to produce milk. A primary function of the female breast is to produce milk, a process called lactation. The breasts contain an abundant supply of blood vessels and lymphatics. Estrogen is the hormone primarily responsible for the growth and development of breast tissue. Smooth muscle in the nipples contracts, causing them to become erect when cold, touched, or sexually stimulated.

What decreases iron absorption?

Calcium

Which objective symptom of a UTI is most common in older adults, especially those with dementia?

Change in cognitive functioning The most common objective finding is a change in cognitive functioning, especially in those with dementia, because these clients usually exhibit even more profound cognitive changes with the onset of a UTI. Incontinence, hematuria, and back pain are not the most common presenting objective symptoms.

sources of calcium

Dairy Green leafy veggies Fortified grains / foods Figs You need vitamin D for calcium absorption

The nurse is to administer a cyclic feeding through a gastric tube. It is most important for the nurse to

Elevate the head of the bed to 45 degrees All the options are things that the nurse will do when administering a cyclic tube feeding. Elevating the head of the bed to 30 to 45 degrees assists in preventing aspiration into the lungs. This is a priority according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

A student nurse is preparing a plan of care for a client with chronic pancreatitis. What nursing diagnosis related to the care of a client with chronic pancreatitis is the priority?

Impaired nutrition: less than body requirements While each diagnosis may be applicable to this client, the priority nursing diagnosis is impaired nutrition: less than body requirements. The physician, nurse, and dietitian emphasize to the client and family the importance of avoiding alcohol and foods that have produced abdominal pain and discomfort in the past. Oral food or fluid intake is not permitted during the acute phase.

Examination of a client's bladder stones reveal that they are primarily composed of uric acid. The nurse would expect to provide the client with which type of diet?

Low purine A low-purine diet is used for uric acid stones; the benefits, however, are unknown. Clients with a history of calcium oxalate stone formation need a diet that is adequate in calcium and low in oxalate. Only clients who have type II absorptive hypercalciuria—approximately half of the clients—need to limit calcium intake. Usually, clients are told to increase their fluid intake significantly, consume a moderate protein intake, and limit sodium. Avoiding excessive protein intake is associated with lower urinary oxalate and lower uric acid levels. Reducing sodium intake can lower urinary calcium levels.

A client has completed induction therapy and has diarrhea and severe mucositis. What is the appropriate nursing goal?

Maintain nutrition. Maintaining nutrition is the most important goal after induction therapy because the client experiences severe diarrhea and can easily become nutritionally deficient and develop fluid and electrolyte imbalance. The client is most likely not in pain at this point, and this is an intervention, not a goal.

A patient has had surgery to create an ileal conduit for urinary diversion. What is a priority intervention by the nurse in the postoperative phase of care?

Monitor urine output hourly and report output less than 30 mL/hr. In the immediate postoperative period, urine volumes are monitored hourly. Throughout the patient's hospitalization, the nurse monitors closely for complications, reports signs and symptoms of them promptly, and intervenes quickly to prevent their progression. If urinary drainage stops or decreases to less than 30 mL/hour, or if the client complains of back pain, the nurse needs to notify the physician immediately.

A nurse prepares a diabetes prevention health seminar for community residents. Her teaching points should emphasize the most important factor influencing metabolic syndrome (pre-diabetes). What is that factor?

Obesity

sources of vitamin K

Prunes Avocado Dried fruit Bananas Oranges Potatoes Leafy greens

The nurse conducts education related to test preparation for a client scheduled to undergo an abdominal ultrasonography. The nurse should give the client which instruction?

Restrict eating of solid food for 8 to 12 hours before the test. For a client who is scheduled to undergo an abdominal ultrasonography, the client should restrict solid food for 6 to 8 hours to avoid having images of the test obscured with gas and intestinal contents. Ultrasonography records the reflection of sound waves. Strenuous exercises, the consumption of sweets, and exposure to sunlight do not affect the results of the test in any way.

A client realizes that regular use of laxatives has greatly improved bowel patterns. However, the nurse cautions this client against the prolonged use of laxatives for which reason?

The client's natural bowel function may become sluggish. It is essential for the nurse to caution the client against the prolonged use of laxatives because it decreases muscle tone in the large intestine. Prolonged use of laxatives may cause the client's natural bowel function to become sluggish. Laxatives do not increase the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, or arthralgia, nor do they cause a loss in appetite.

What symptoms should the nurse assess for in a client with lymphedema as a result of impaired nutrition to the tissue?

Ulcers and infection in the edematous area In a client with lymphedema, the tissue nutrition is impaired as a result of the stagnation of lymphatic fluid, leading to ulcers and infection in the edematous area. Later, the skin also appears thickened, rough, and discolored. Scaring does not occur in clients with lymphedema. Cyanosis is a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes.

what increases iron absorption?

Vitamin C

vitamin B12 only comes from what source?

animal products

Ca+/calcium

bone and teeth formation, bone regulation, nerve transmission, clotting BFF is Vit D Monitor EKG, parathyroid, osteoporosis,

Increased sugar for diabetics

delays wound healing

High Mg can cause

diarrhea, BP, HR, fatigue, still check for seizure

Na+/Sodium

fluid volume and kidney function Processed foods, table salts, canned foods, soda, High Na HTN (hypertension. Sodium makes heart work harder), Edema, confusion, cramping/tingling Low, HF & diarrhea

K+

fluid volume and muscle action (nerve) Oranges, dried fruit, bananas, avocados, potatoes, dairy, green leafy Dysrhythmia of heart, muscle cramps and weakness, Too much K causes kidneys to not work

Diet therapy for clients diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) includes:

high-fiber diet A high-fiber diet is prescribed to help control constipation. Individuals experiencing diarrhea may be advised to eat a low-fiber diet. Foods that are possible irritants, such as caffeine, spicy foods, lactose, beans, fried foods, corn, wheat, and alcohol, should be avoided. Fluids should not be taken with meals because they cause abdominal distention.

A resident at a long-term care facility lost the ability to swallow following a stroke 4 years ago. The client receives nutrition via a PEG tube, has adapted well to the tube feedings, and remains physically and socially active. Occasionally, the client develops constipation that requires administration of a laxative to restore regular bowel function. What is the most likely cause of this client's constipation?

lack of free water intake A client who cannot swallow food cannot drink enough water to meet daily needs. Inadequate fluid intake is a common cause of constipation.

Oliguria

less than 400 mL of urine a day

Anuria

less than 50 mL a day

Pyuria

puss in the urine

low Mg can cause

seizures, weakness, anorexia, dysrhythmia

Which enzyme aids in the digestion of protein?

trypsin Trypsin, amylase, and lipase are digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas. Trypsin aids in digesting protein; amylase aids in digesting starch; and lipase aids in digesting fats. Digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas include trypsin, which aids in digesting protein. Amylase is an enzyme that aids in the digestion of starch. Steapsin digests fats.

A client has been diagnosed with a concussion and is to be released from the emergency department. The nurse teaches the family or friends who will be caring for the client to contact the physician or return to the ED if the client

vomits Vomiting is a sign of increasing intracranial pressure and should be reported immediately. In general, the finding of headache in a client with a concussion is an expected abnormal observation. However, a severe headache, weakness of one side of the body, and difficulty in waking the client should be reported or treated immediately.