Nutrition Test 4
Which of the following is a trace mineral? A) iron B) calcium C) sodium D) magnesium
A) iron
The most abundant trace mineral in the body is A) iron. B) zinc. C) copper. D) iodine
A) iron.
Ceruloplasmin binds to copper in the ________. A) liver B) intestine C) blood D) skin
A) liver
Glycogen stores predominantly utilized by the brain are derived from A) liver glycogen. B) kidney glycogen. C) muscle glycogen. D) brain glycogen
A) liver glycogen.
The buildup of lactate during strenuous exercise can negatively affect performance due to the A) reduction of pH within the tissue. B) increase in pH within the tissue. C) reduction in blood volume within the tissue. D) increase in blood volume within the tissue
A) reduction of pH within the tissue.
The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale ranges from 1 to A) 5. B) 10. C) 15. D) 20.
B) 10.
The human body stores about how many kilocalories of energy as glycogen? A) 1,000 B) 2,600 C) 3,600 D) 1,500
B) 2,600
At what age does peak bone mass usually occur? A) teens B) 20s-30s C) 30s-40s D) 40s-50s
B) 20s-30s
The general guideline for rest periods between workouts is approximately A) 24 hours. B) 48 hours. C) 36 hours. D) 72 hours.
B) 48 hours.
In order for individuals to maintain their body weight, it is recommended that they engage in at least how many minutes of physical activity? A) 30 minutes most days of the week B) 60 minutes most days of the week C) 90 minutes most days of the week D) not enough information
B) 60 minutes most days of the week
Adults have approximately how much glycogen stored within their muscles? A) 200-500 g B) 100-200 g C) 400-600 g D) Muscles do not store glycogen.
A) 200-500 g
Approximately how many excess kilocalories are required to gain 1 pound of body weight? A) 3,500 B) 2,500 C) 2,750 D) 3,000
A) 3,500
How many kilocalories are contained per gram of protein? A) 4 B) 6 C) 8 D) 10
A) 4
RMR is approximately how much higher than the BMR? A) 6 percent B) 8 percent C) 10 percent D) 3 percent
A) 6 percent
________ can be triggered by learned behavior and emotions such as anxiety and stress. A) Appetite B) Hunger C) Satiety D) Fatigue
A) Appetite
What statement describes a positive energy balance? A) Intake is greater than energy expenditure. B) Energy expenditure is greater than energy intake. C) Energy intake is equal to energy expenditure. D) All of the above describe positive energy balance
A) Intake is greater than energy expenditure.
Which of the following is not true of very-low-kilocalorie diets? A) They require a strong support group in order to ensure compliance. B) They may cause side effects such as gallstones, constipation, and fatigue. C) They must include vitamin and mineral supplementation. D) They must be medically supervised.
A) They require a strong support group in order to ensure compliance.
A fat cell is called a(n) A) adipocyte. B) keratinocyte. C) myocyte. D) oocyte.
A) adipocyte.
Which of the following transports iron across the intestinal wall into the portal vein? A) ferroportin B) hemoglobin C) transferrin D) hemosiderin
A) ferroportin
FITT stands for A) frequency, intensity, time, type. B) frequency, intensity, test, type. C) flexibility, intensity, time, type. D) flexibility, intensity, test, type.
A) frequency, intensity, time, type.
The food energy that isn't oxidized to yield carbon dioxide and water is stored as either A) glycogen or fat. B) glucagon or fat. C) glycogenin or fat. D) glycine or fat
A) glycogen or fat.
Most of bone is made of A) hydroxyapatite. B) aldosterone. C) sodium carbonate. D) calcitonin.
A) hydroxyapatite
All of the following are benefits associated with physical fitness except A) increased insulin resistance. B) reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. C) increased bone density. D) improved sleep patterns
A) increased insulin resistance.
Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) is based on all of the following except A) sleep patterns. B) physical activity. C) basal metabolism. D) the thermic effect of food.
A) sleep patterns.
Which vitamin supplement can significantly increase the risk of hip fractures in older individuals? A) vitamin A B) thiamin C) niacin D) vitamin B12
A) vitamin A
All of the following decrease iron absorption except A) vitamin C. B) phytates. C) oxalates. D) polyphenols
A) vitamin C.
Adults have approximately how much glycogen stored within their liver? A) 200-500 g B) 60-120 g C) 150-200 g D) The liver does not store glycogen
B) 60-120 g
How many kilocalories are contained per gram of alcohol? A) 8 B) 7 C) 4 D) 0
B) 7
Ben was in the mood for a juicy hamburger and fries from his favorite fast-food joint. He was feeling guilty because he knew that he had to watch his weight, yet he was hungry. His "slimming" breakfast shake was long gone. What would be a good strategy for Ben to adopt? A) Go ahead and give in to his urge to eat a hamburger so as to remove the temptation. B) Consider eating a large salad before eating the hamburger. C) Erase all thoughts of the hamburger and focus instead on a second "slimming" shake for the next meal. D) Drink a couple of glasses of water to fill his stomach before eating his hamburger
B) Consider eating a large salad before eating the hamburger.
Which statement is correct about vitamin C? A) It enhances the absorption of zinc. B) It enhances the absorption of iron. C) It prevents the absorption of calcium D) It prevents the absorption of manganese
B) It enhances the absorption of iron.
The cartoon character Popeye always boasted about eating spinach to make him stronger because of its high calcium content. Why was this not accurate? A) Spinach has no calcium. B) Most of the calcium in spinach is not bioavailable. C) Most of the calcium in spinach leaches into the cooking water. D) Heating spinach destroys the calcium.
B) Most of the calcium in spinach is not bioavailable
All of the following statements about obesity in men and women are true except: A) Women with body fat greater than 32% and men with body fat greater than 25% are classified as obese. B) Only women with gynoid obesity and men with android obesity are classified as truly obese. C) Women with a BMI greater than 30 and men with a BMI greater than 25 are classified as obese. D) Severe obesity is defined as 120% of normal body weight for women and 124% for men
B) Only women with gynoid obesity and men with android obesity are classified as truly obese.
What is the result of enhanced LPL activity? A) The fat accumulation decreases. B) The fat accumulation increases. C) Changes in weight become permanent. D) There is no effect on fat cell metabolism.
B) The fat accumulation increases.
What is the relationship between iron stores and the percentage of iron absorbed? A) The lower the stores, the less the absorption. B) The lower the stores, the greater the absorption. C) The level of iron stores does not affect the absorption. D) None of the above describes this relationship.
B) The lower the stores, the greater the absorption.
Which of the following is not a situation when ghrelin levels are high? A) low-calorie diet B) after moderate exercise C) before a meal D) during sleep
B) after moderate exercise
Once absorbed, copper is bound to ________ for transport. A) ceruloplasmin B) albumin C) transferrin D) metallothionein
B) albumin
Which of the following contributes the most to iron loss in the body? A) sloughed-off intestinal cells B) bleeding C) hair and skin D) sweat
B) bleeding
In order for the body to perform the desired activity it will utilize which two nutrients predominantly? A) fat and protein B) carbohydrates and fat C) protein and carbohydrates D) protein and triglycerides E) carbohydrates and amino acids
B) carbohydrates and fat
In addition to preventing osteoporosis, calcium may have a protective effect against which type of cancer? A) lung B) colon C) pancreatic D) leukemia
B) colon
Which of the following does not affect the absorption of iron? A) molecular form of iron B) environmental temperature C) iron status of the individual D) diet composition
B) environmental temperature
Negative energy balance is described as a state when A) intake exceeds expenditure. B) expenditure exceeds intake. C) intake equals expenditure. D) none of the above happens
B) expenditure exceeds intake.
Basal metabolism is the energy required to A) fuel the body's voluntary movements. B) fuel the vital functions of the body. C) fuel the body during activity. D) none of the above
B) fuel the vital functions of the body.
Which of the following is not a factor that increases the risk of obesity? A) lack of time B) increased availability of fruits and vegetables throughout the year C) lack of physical activity D) abundant food supply and large portion sizes
B) increased availability of fruits and vegetables throughout the year
Which of the following trace minerals has an adult RDA that is higher for women than for men? A) zinc B) iron C) copper D) iodine
B) iron
All of the following are correct about Type 1 osteoporosis except A) it is due to a decrease in estrogen levels during menopause. B) it is more common in men than women. C) is often associated with fractures of the spine, hip, wrist, or forearm. D) bones become brittle and weaken
B) it is more common in men than women.
When the mitochondria lack adequate oxygen during activity, what product is formed from pyruvate? A) oxaloacetate B) lactate C) malate D) alpha-ketoglutarate
B) lactate
Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is a measurement of energy expenditure when the body is A) motionless after a 12-hour fast. B) motionless after a 3- to 4-hour fast. C) sleeping. D) none of the above
B) motionless after a 3- to 4-hour fast.
The values obtained from the bomb calorimeter, adjusted to reflect the kilocalories actually transformed into energy in the human body, are called A) physical fuel values. B) physiological fuel values. C) calorimetric fuel values. D) all of the above
B) physiological fuel values.
Which positive mineral does sodium work with to help transmit nerve impulses that signal muscles to contract?A) magnesium B) potassium C) chloride D) calcium
B) potassium
Long-term weight management depends on modifying all of the following except A) diet. B) sleep patterns. C) physical activity. D) behavior.
B) sleep patterns.
How many excess kilocalories per day are required for an average individual to gain about 10 pounds in one year? A) 240 B) 300 C) 100 D) 175
C) 100
If you consume 55 grams of carbohydrates, how many kilocalories have been consumed? A) 250 B) 155 C) 220 D) not enough information
C) 220
How many kilocalories are contained per gram of carbohydrate? A) 8 B) 7 C) 4 D) 9
C) 4
What is the recommendation for moderate physical activity to maintain weight loss? A) 15-30 minutes daily B) 30-60 minutes daily C) 60-90 minutes daily D) 90-110 minutes daily
C) 60-90 minutes daily
Once shuttled to the liver, lactate can be converted back to glucose via the A) malate-aspartate shuttle. B) pentose-phosphate shuttle. C) Cori cycle. D) TCA cycle.
C) Cori cycle.
What is the function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)? A) It stimulates the kidneys to increase blood pressure. B) It activates the thirst mechanism and triggers the release of ADH from the pituitary. C) It stimulates the kidneys to convert vitamin D to calcitriol. D) It assists in the removal of CO2 from the blood.
C) It stimulates the kidneys to convert vitamin D to calcitriol
________ is the most satiating of all nutrients and has been shown to reduce food intake. A) Carbohydrate B) Lipid C) Protein D) Fiber
C) Protein
All of the following statements regarding iron are true except: A) The accidental consumption of supplements containing iron is a leading cause of poisoning deaths in children in the United States. B) High doses of iron can cause symptoms of gastrointestinal distress. C) Storing large amounts of iron is beneficial for the body and reduces the risk of infections. D) Cooking food in iron pots and pans can increase the food's iron content
C) Storing large amounts of iron is beneficial for the body and reduces the risk of infections.
BMR is measured when the cellular activity of the body is A) at equilibrium. B) at its highest. C) at its lowest. D) equal to the TEE
C) at its lowest.
Hunger and satiation are controlled by the ________. A) stomach B) liver C) brain D) blood glucose
C) brain
During the first few minutes of physical activity the body relies on anaerobic energy production from ATP and what other high-energy molecule? A) adenosine phosphate B) GTP C) creatine phosphate D) GMP
C) creatine phosphate
Healthy weight can be defined as a body weight that A) enhances an individual's physical attributes. B) is generally acceptable in society. C) does not increase the risk of developing weight-related health problems or diseases. D) is the easiest to maintain by all individuals of a given height and age
C) does not increase the risk of developing weight-related health problems or diseases.
According to the textbook, energy balance can best be described using what five-word phrase? A) energy out versus energy in B) intake out versus energy expenditure C) energy in versus energy out D) None of these is correct
C) energy in versus energy out
Which of the following represents the best source of biologically available iron? A) broccoli casserole B) whole-wheat bread C) hamburger D) watermelon slices
C) hamburger
Which of the following is the key to successful weight loss? A) talking to people and getting their input about the various diet plans B) buying a good book that provides guidelines for the diet C) having a commitment to adopting healthy diet and lifestyle habits and maintaining them over time D) being able to get on and off the diet with minimum effort
C) having a commitment to adopting healthy diet and lifestyle habits and maintaining them over time
Which of the following organs regulate water and electrolyte balance? A) pancreas and gastrointestinal tract B) liver and kidneys C) kidneys and gastrointestinal tract D) gallbladder and small intestine
C) kidneys and gastrointestinal tract
Linda weighs 210 pounds. She is currently considering a weight-loss regimen. What would be considered a reasonable goal for Linda over the next six months? A) lose 9 pounds B) lose 16 pounds C) lose 21 pounds D) lose 30 pounds
C) lose 21 pounds
V02 max is defined as A) the amount of blood pumped by the heart with each beat. B) improved ability to create force for a brief period of time. C) maximum oxygen consumption by a person per kilogram of weight per minute. D) none of the above
C) maximum oxygen consumption by a person per kilogram of weight per minute.
In women, bone loss accelerates after A) puberty. B) giving birth. C) menopause.
C) menopause.
A kilocalorie as measured using a bomb calorimeter is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water A) one degree Fahrenheit. B) two degrees Fahrenheit. C) one degree Celsius. D) two degrees Celsius
C) one degree Celsius.
Kelly is a 25-year-old secretary at a local law office. Her height is just under 5 feet (below average). Her BMI is 26. How would Kelly be classified? A) underweight B) normal weight C) overweight D) obese
C) overweight
3) Which of the following factors can decrease bioavailability? A) deficiency in a mineral B) cooking C) phytates found in grain D) cold storage
C) phytates found in grain
All of the following are trace minerals except A) selenium. B) copper. C) potassium. D) zinc.
C) potassium.
Functions of trace minerals include all of the following except A) maintenance of red blood cells. B) acting as cofactors. C) providing energy. D) maintenance of bones and teeth.
C) providing energy.
All of the following enhance absorption of iron except A) an increased need for iron. B) the presence of vitamin C. C) reduced hydrochloric acid in the stomach. D) the presence of the heme form of iron.
C) reduced hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
All of the following are correct about minerals except A) they are very stable in food. B) they tend to be water insoluble. C) they are destroyed by heat. D) they are not destroyed by exposure to air.
C) they are destroyed by heat.
Which of the following increases the absorption of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium? A) phytates B) vitamin C C) vitamin D D) none of the above
C) vitamin D
How many kilocalories are contained per gram of fat? A) 7 B) 4 C) 6 D) 9
D) 9
Which of the following are typical of the hype associated with some fad diets? A) Rapid weight loss can be guaranteed by some weight-loss plans. B) Naturally occurring herbs are safe and very effective for weight loss. C) It is the carbohydrate and not the kilocalorie reduction that causes weight loss. D) All of the above are examples of fad diet hype
D) All of the above are examples of fad diet hype.
Which of the following statements is true about trace minerals? A) Trace mineral deficiencies are overlooked easily. B) Trace minerals have interactions with other nutrients. C) The bioavailability of trace minerals depends on the individual and his or her specific dietary composition. D) All of the above are true of trace minerals
D) All of the above are true of trace minerals.
Which of the following statements is true of trace minerals? A) They are needed by the body in smaller amounts than macronutrients. B) Overall they amount to less than 5 grams in the body. C) Their daily dietary need is less than 20 milligrams. D) All of the above are true of trace minerals.
D) All of the above are true of trace minerals.
Cholecystokinin and peptide YY are two hormones that are released in response to nutrients reaching the small intestine. What is the resultant effect of this action? A) Hunger and satiety are increased. B) Hunger and satiety are decreased. C) Hunger increases and satiety decreases. D) Hunger decreases and satiety increases
D) Hunger decreases and satiety increases.
) What is the function of the hormone calcitonin? A) It decreases blood calcium levels after a calcium-rich meal. B) It stimulates the uptake of calcium into the bone. C) It reduces the amount of calcium absorbed through the small intestine. D) It does all of the above.
D) It does all of the above
What is the fate of nonheme iron that remains bound to food in the gastrointestinal tract? A) It stimulates the production of specific enzymes that will break it down eventually. B) It is moved and stored as ferritin in food. C) It stays around the digestive tract until it is completely broken down. D) It is excreted with the feces
D) It is excreted with the feces.
Which is not a role that minerals play in the body? A) Minerals participate as cofactors. B) Minerals make up bones and teeth. C) Minerals help maintain fluid balance. D) Minerals act as enzymes.
D) Minerals act as enzymes
The best type of calcium supplement is from A) unrefined oyster shell. B) bone meal. C) dolomite. D) None of the above are recommended types.
D) None of the above are recommended types.
What happens to blood and liver glycogen stores after prolonged, intense exercise? A) They increase slightly. B) They increase substantially. C) They decrease slightly. D) They decrease substantially
D) They decrease substantially.
Hypercalcemia may cause all of the following except A) constipation. B) interference with the absorption of other minerals. C) calcium deposits in the body tissues. D) a swollen tongue
D) a swollen tongue.
ATP is A) produced continuously. B) produced aerobically. C) produced anaerobically. D) all of the above
D) all of the above
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the energy spent to meet the body's basic physiological needs when it's at A) physical rest. B) emotional rest. C) digestive rest. D) all of the above
D) all of the above
Which of the following are binders that can decrease the bioavailability of some minerals? A) oxalates B) polyphenols C) phytates D) all of the above
D) all of the above
Which of the following disease risks are increased in overweight individuals? A) type II diabetes B) osteoarthritis C) sleep apnea D) all of the above
D) all of the above
Which of the following is a basic component of physical fitness? A) muscular strength B) muscular endurance C) cardiorespiratory endurance D) all of the above
D) all of the above
Which of the following is a hormone that influences hunger and/or satiety? A) leptin B) ghrelin C) neuropeptide Y D) all of the above
D) all of the above
What is the primary fuel source for muscles during high-intensity activity? A) fat B) protein C) amino acids D) carbohydrates
D) carbohydrates
Lean body mass includes all of the following except A) bones. B) muscle. C) water. D) fat.
D) fat.
Once ferritin is saturated with iron, additional iron can be stored as ________. A) ferroportin B) hemoglobin C) transferrin D) hemosiderin
D) hemosiderin
The gradual increase in exercise demands resulting from modifications to the FITT is referred to as the A) regressive overload principle. B) regression overload principle. C) progression overload principle. D) progressive overload principle
D) progressive overload principle.
All of the following are correct about the major minerals except: A) they are also known as macrominerals. B) humans need to consume them in amounts greater than 100 milligrams per day. C) there are at least 5 grams of the mineral in the body. D) the most abundant major mineral in the body is magnesium.
D) the most abundant major mineral in the body is magnesium.
Which of the following is a test to determine iron stores in the body? A) complete blood count B) hematocrit C) serum iron D) total iron-binding capacity
D) total iron-binding capacity
