Nutrition test

osteomalacia

world wide rickets affects a large number of children who receive inadequate food and little exposure to sunlight. The adult form of rickets is called ____________?

tocopherol, offspring

researchers discovered this compound in vegetable oils neccesary for reproduction in rats. the compound was named __________, which means ____________.

rickets

A child with vitamin D defieciency diseae, _________ who is old enough to walk characteristically develops bowed legs, often the most ovious sign of the disease.

True

A person does not require a day's allowance of each fat soluble vitamin every day but need only make sure that over time, average daily intakes approximate recommended intakes True or false?

blindness

A vitamin A deficiency is the major cause of childhood ___________.

coenzymes

B vitamins help to burn that fuel but do not serve as fuel themselves. B-vitamins share a role as ____________ in energy production.

wheat germ, vegetable oils

Food sources of vitamin E? sunflower oil, sunflower seeds, _____________, avocado, broccoli, peanut butter, olive oil, corn oil, ___________________?

80

Rice contributed ___ percent of the energy intake of the people in these areas.

True

Risk for age related macular degeneration can be reduced with proper vitamin A intake. True or false?

cell division

The B vitamin folate is active in __________ __________.

Bond C

The ____________ vitamins are the water-soluble vitamins.

orange, green

The bright __________ color vegetables (carrots, sweet potatoes, pumpkins, cantaloupe, and apricots) and dark __________ vegetables (spinach, broccoli) are good sources of beta-carotene

13

There are _______ compounds classified as vitamins?

b6 muscle

vitamin b__? is stored extensively in __________ tissue.

blood clotting

Vitamin K has long been known for its role in __________?

Iron ,dark, heme

________ found in ______ meats ( best available ______ sources include liver, beef, pork, dark meat chicken.)

Heme, hemoglobin, myoglobin

________ iron is part of the proteins __________ (in red blood cells) and ___________ (in muscle cells) and part of cytochromes in the electron transport chain.

Folate, pernicious

_________ deficiency can also cause ____________ Anemia (Macrocytic anemia) which is caused by an interference of normal blood cell division causing red blood cells to become abnormally large.

vitamin D

__________ and lactose each improve the absorption of calcium, so vitamin-d fotified milk is a good source of absorbable calcium.

hemochromatosis

____________ a genetic disorder in which individuals absorb too much dietary iron, can cause iron overload.

nonheme 80%

____________ iron is found in plant foods such as grains, beans, and vegetables and comprises more than ____ percent of the iron consumed in foods. (100% for vegans)

wash your hands

best way to prevent colds is to _____________.

mineral

calcium (ca 2) is one of the most abundant divalent( two positve charges) cations in nature. calcium is also the most abundant ________ in the body.

anti-oxidants

eventually, research began to recognize that beta-carotene is an extremely effective antioxidant in the body. __________ are compounds that protect other compounds such as lipids in the cell membranes from attack by oxygen.

plant and animal

every living cell both _____ and ________ contain iron.

enriched grain products

for these reasons, in the late 1990s the FDA mandated that ________________, (flour, cornmeal, pasta and rice) be fortified with an especially absorbable synthetic form of folate, folic acid.

bell peppers, cauliflower

good food sources of vitamin C are ____________, broccoli, strawberries, citrus fruits, kiwis, ___________, and cantaloupe.

Vitamin K green leafy vegetables

good sources of Vitamin __ are ___________________ such as kale, swiss chard, collards, spinach, broccoli, cabbage.

green leafy vegetables

good sources of vitamin K are? ___________________ such as kale, swiss chard, collards, spinach, broccoli, cabbage.

meats and meat

good sources of vitamin b12 are ______ and ___________ products?

childbearing, United States

iron deficeincy anemia is the most common nutrient defieciency around the world, and iron-defieciency anemia is comon in women of _________ age and children, particularly in the developing world but also in the ________________.

antioxidant

like beta-carotene, vitamin E is a fat soluble __________ it protects other substances from oxidation by being oxidized itself.

60%

water constitutes about _____ percent of an adult's body weight and a higher percentage of a child's body weight.

plants

many foods from _________ contain beta-carotene, the orange pigment responsible for the bold colors of many fruits and vegetables.

liver, fortified milk

only a few animal foods notably eggs, _______, butter, some fatty fish and __________ milk and cereal products provide significant amounts of vitamin D.

bones and teeth

over 99 percent of the body's calcium is in the ______ and _____________

free radicals

oxygen triggers the formation of compounds known as _____________ that can start chain reactions in cell membranes.

foods

people do not require vitamin D from ______?

second

phosphorous is the _______ most abundant mineral in the body and is found in all body tissue.

heartbeat

potassium is also critical to keeping the _________ steady.

positively

potassium is the principal ____________ charged ion inside the body cells.

low protein

protein intake may also influence the absorption of calcium form a meal. ___________ intake reduces the amount of calcium absorbed trough the intestines, and high protein intake may increase the amount of calcium excreted in urine.

1000-1100 mg per day

reccomended intake of calcium is _________ mg per day.

extracellular

sodium is the principal electrolyte in the ____________ fluid and primary regulator of extracellular fluid volume.

major minerals

the ______ __________, or macrominerals, are major because humans need to consume them in amounts greater than 100 milligrams per day and there are atleast 5 grams of the mineral in the body.

collagen

the best understood action of vitamin C is its role in helping to form __________, the single most important protein of connective tissue.

500 milliliters

the body must excrete a minimum of about _________ each day as urine (enough to carry away the waste products generated by a day's metablolic activities.)

pellagra, corn

the niacin-deficiency disease, _______ became widespread in the southern united states in early part 1900s among people who subsited on a low protein diet with a staple of grain __________.

beriberi, rice

thiamin deficiency ___________ was first observed in southeast asia when the custom of polishing _______ became widespread.

tryptophan

this diet was unusual in that it supplied neither enough niacin nor enough _____________, its amino acid precursor, to make the niacin intake adequate.

stomach

this intrinsic factor is made in the __________, where it attaches to the vitamin

b12

too much folate can mask the symptoms of a ______ deficiency.

neurologic

toxic effects (causing _______ damage) of vitamin b6 became known when a physician reported them in women who had been taking more than 2 grams of vitamin b6 daily 20 times the current tolerable upper intake level.

free radicals

vitamin C also acts as an antioxidant, helping to reduce ____________?

sun

vitamin D is not an essential nutrient given enough _______?

intrinsic factor

vitamin b12 requires ___________ a compound made inside the body from absorption from the intestinal tract into the bloodstream.