Nutrition
Vegetables, beans, breads, pasta, and rice are common food sources of
amylose.
The vitamin content of fresh fruits and vegetables
can be lost through improper storage.
Sports drinks are a good source of _____ calories during endurance events.
carbohydrate
Aim for ______ food choices for a pre-event meal prior to an exercise competition.
carbohydrate-rich
The red blood cells and brain are two body tissues that derive most of their energy from
carbohydrate.
About half of the energy used by the body at rest and during light activity comes from fat, the remainder comes from ______.
carbohydrates
When the ______ in polyunsaturated fatty acids break down, rancid by-products occur.
carbon-carbon double bonds
A defective gene that delays cholesterol removal from the bloodstream is an example of a genetic variation that increases an individual's risk for ______.
cardiovascular disease
Phytochemicals have been implicated in prevention of
cardiovascular disease. cancer.
Vitamin-like compounds include
carnitine. inositol. taurine.
Phosphatidylcholine is a phospholipid that primarily functions in
cell membrane structure.
The copper-containing protein that transports iron in the blood is called
ceruloplasmin.
A major function of phospholipids (e.g., lecithin) in foods is to act as (a)n
emulsifier.
Cells that have their nuclei but are larger than normal red blood cells are called ______.
macrocytic blood cells
Foods that are high in fiber and water promote
satiety.
Treatment for diarrhea in infants and older adults
should be prompt to prevent rapid dehydration.
Hip fracture is associated with _____ mortality.
significant
How many pounds equate to 1 kilogram?
2.2
Approximately how many different amino acids are used in the synthesis of body proteins?
20
Rank the following food sources from highest (at the top) to lowest (at the bottom) magnesium content. whole-wheat bread, 1 slice plain yogurt, 1 cup banana, 1 medium spinach, 1 cup
1. spinach, 1 cup 2. plain yogurt, 1 cup 3. banana, 1 medium 4. whole-wheat bread, 1 slice
According to the Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) of the National Academy of Sciences, ________ of calories should come from protein.
10% to 35%
What is the UL for vitamin D for adults?
100 micrograms
There are ______ nonessential amino acids.
11
For a successful weight loss, an individual needs to decrease calorie intake, incorporate positive behaviors that promote health, and do ______.
150 to 300 minutes or more of moderate-intensity aerobic activity each week
Barb is preparing quiche with eggs, cheese, spinach, and biscuit mix. What is the safe minimum internal temperature for cooking this dish?
160°F
When reheating leftovers, reheating to at least ______ degrees Fahrenheit is important to destroy potential microbes and prevent foodborne illness.
165
To prevent foodborne illness, thoroughly wash your hands for at least ______ with hot, soapy water prior to food preparation.
20 seconds
What is the Adequate Intake level of dietary fiber for men?
38 grams
Carbohydrates provide ________ kcal per gram.
4
Most Americans do not eat enough fish to cause concern about the high intakes of environmental contaminants because we consume only about ______ ounces of seafood per week.
4
What would be the approximate weight gain of a person who consumes an excess of 500 kcal daily for one month?
4 pounds
The threshold to identify upper-body obesity in males is a waist circumference greater than _______ inches.
40
What is the recommendation for the nutrient composition of energy bars to produce optimal performance?
40 g carbohydrate, no more than 10 g protein, no more than 4 g fat, no more than 5 g fiber
Perishable foods should be held either below _______ F or above ______ F.
40, 140
At rest and during typical daily exercise, amino acids contribute about ______% of total energy needs.
5
The Adequate Intake for pantothenic acid for adults is ______ for adult men and women.
5 milligrams per day
The typical diet provides about ______ percent of protein as essential amino acids, when only 11 percent is required.
50
Which of the following exercises most effectively builds muscular endurance?
50 push-ups
Amylopectin makes up about ______% of the digestible starches in the diet.
80
How does the approval of food additives in other countries differ from what is done in the U.S.?
A more cautionary approach Do not rely on a GRAS list
The percentage of kcalorie intakes for protein, fat, and carbohydrate that are thought to reduce the risk of chronic diseases are termed the
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges.
What is the name of the high-energy compound that cells use to fuel chemical reactions?
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
If an athlete is experiencing daily fatigue during training, what should be the first dietary factor to consider?
Adequacy of calorie intake
Which of the following is true about the North American diet?
Approximately half of our carbohydrates come from simple sugars.
Anemia, nerve damage, and mental dysfunction are all associated with a vitamin ______ deficiency.
B-12
Select the best food source of copper. Kidney beans Whole-wheat bread Milk Beef liver
Beef liver
Sports drinks provide _________ to enhance the absorption of water and carbs from the intestine.
Branched chain AAs
What are some strategies one may use to reduce exposure to pesticides?
Clean and peel fruits and vegetables. Remove the outer leaves of leafy vegetables.
______ uses x-ray technology to determine body composition.
DEXA
The ______ in the cell's nucleus contains the information necessary to make proteins.
DNA
The initiation of cancer begins with a mutation in the _____. The initiation .of cancer begins with a mutation in the . (for question searchability)
DNA
The nucleus is the storage site for ______ in the cell.
DNA
A deficiency of folate can lead to macrocytic anemia because of its role in ______.
DNA synthesis
Which of the following are functions of zinc?
DNA synthesis wound healing
Based on current research, what are the two factors needed for development of celiac disease?
Dietary exposure to gluten Genetic predisposition to celiac disease
Which of the following is an important dietary recommendation for avoiding heartburn? Eat smaller meals that are lower in fat. Consume milk or cream with meals. Eat meals low in carbohydrate. Avoid fluids.
Eat smaller meals that are lower in fat.
What deficiency would you suspect if a person has flaky and itchy skin, diarrhea, and poor wound healing with infections?
Essential fatty acids
Which agency is responsible for overseeing new products using biotechnology?
FDA
What are some benefits of using a sustainable agriculture system?
Farm families are provided a secure living. The natural environment and resources are maintained. Quality of life is enhanced for farmers and their families.
Which of the following measurements could be used to identify a person with prediabetes?
Fasting blood glucose from 100 to 125 mg/dl HbA1c between 5.7% and 6.4%
Choose the examples of how folate functions.
Folate functions in the formation of neurotransmitters in the brain. Folate works with vitamin B-6 and vitamin B-12 to metabolize homocysteine.
Which factor is capable of decreasing bacterial growth in foods?
Food activity
What fuel source is readily available to all cells from the bloodstream?
Glucose
What are secondary functions of iron within the human body?
Immune function Part of many enzymes Brain function
For many people who have lost weight, maintenance of weight loss is the hardest part. Select the "3 Ms" that assist efforts at weight maintenance.
Motivation Monitoring Movement
Which of the following medications is currently approved by FDA for weight loss?
Orlistat.
Which statement is true about pesticides used in food production?
Pesticide use produces both beneficial and unwanted effects.
What are the two primary fuel sources used for strength and power moves?
Phosphocreatine (PCr) Carbohydrates
______ are at the highest risk of negative health consequences from consumption of unpasteurized dairy products.
Pregnant women
What is one function of the pyloric sphincter? Controls the release of pancreatic secretions into the small intestine Prevents stomach contents from backing up into the esophagus Controls the passage of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine Prevents the backward movement of feces from the large intestine into the small intestine
Prevents stomach contents from backing up into the esophagus
Which of the following are appropriate rules to follow to avoid foodborne illness when purchasing food?
Quickly transport perishable foods home and refrigerate them promptly. Don't buy or use food from damaged containers that leak, bulge, or are severely dented.
Which of the following micronutrients are important for production of ATP in athletes? Vitamin D Riboflavin Vitamin E Vitamin B-6
Riboflavin Vitamin B-6
Which of the following is allowed on a gluten-free diet for individuals with Celiac Disease?
Rice
What is the primary food source of chloride in the American diet?
Salt
Which population is most likely to require food assistance?
Single parents with children Households with children
Which of the following are physiological symptoms of hunger?
Stomach pain Weakness
What is the carbohydrate loading technique?
The process in which high-carbohydrate intake is consumed while tapering training prior to competition.
How does denaturation of a protein affect its function?
The protein loses its normal biological activity.
Choose the three categories of energy used by the body. Water Intake Thermogenesis Basal Metabolism Physical Activity
Thermogenesis Basal Metabolism Physical Activity
How are amino acids similar to carbohydrates and lipids?
They all contain carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.
Why are triglycerides ideal for fat storage?
They are energy dense. They are chemically stable.
What is one characteristic that lipids found in foods and in the body have in common?
They are mostly in the form of triglycerides
Which statements about B vitamins are true?
They have relatively high bioavailability. They are absorbed primarily in the small intestine.
Why are emulsifiers important in cooking and baking?
They keep mixtures of oil and water from separating.
Which of the following are true statements about novelty diets?
They promote weight cycling. Leaving out entire food groups can lead to nutrient deficiencies.
Which of the following are true about complete protein sources?
They supply all nine essential amino acids. Most foods of animal origin are sources of complete protein.
Which statements are true about laxatives? Laxatives work in the small intestine, which makes them effective in preventing nutrient absorption. They work in the large intestine, beyond the point of nutrient absorption. Use of laxatives is an ineffective weight loss method.
They work in the large intestine, beyond the point of nutrient absorption. Use of laxatives is an ineffective weight loss method.
What is the primary goal of psychotherapy for a person with bulimia?
To improve self-acceptance
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?
To provide energy for the body
Niacin is
a coenzyme in metabolic reactions that yield energy from food.
In which form are most dietary lipids found?
Triglycerides
______ are the major form of lipids found in foods and in the human body.
Triglycerides
Excessive fluoride exposure during tooth development can cause mottling of the teeth.
True
What type of diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and often associated with obesity?
Type 2 diabetes
Which lipoproteins are made by the liver?
Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)
______ is required for formation of the myelin sheath that insulates nerve cells.
Vitamin B-12
Identify the genetic variations that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
a delay in the removal of cholesterol from the blood
Match each component of fitness with the correct exercise description. aerobic fitness muscular fitness flexibility
aerobic fitness -> brisk walking, tennis, running, cycling, and soccer muscular fitness -> bench press, squat, biceps curl, and abdominal crunch flexibility -> side bend, shoulder reach, and hamstring stretch
If a person consumes a large amount of fiber without adequate fluid, which of the following may happen?
blockages in the intestine
An eating disorder that involves binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors to rid the body of excess calories is called _____ nervosa.
bulimia
Binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors occurring at least once per week over a period of three months or more is necessary for a diagnosis of ______.
bulimia nervosa
Research suggests that the behaviors of ______ may be linked to biological changes in the brain that affect a person's impulse control.
bulimia nervosa
If a food manufacturer sets out to reduce the fat content of a cookie, the food scientists will need to consider ______.
changes in the flavor of the food product. changes in the texture of the food product.
Thoroughly wash your hands after ______.
changing diapers handling raw meat, fish, poultry, and eggs using the bathroom playing with pets
Choose the processes that stop blood loss and maintains hemostasis. coagulation platelet plug formation thinning of blood vasoconstriction
coagulation platelet plug formation vasoconstriction
The B vitamins generally function as
coenzymes.
Unhealthy actions that are used to rid the body of excess calories are known as
compensatory behaviors.
Dangers from exposure to pesticides through food depend on ______.
consumer's resistance or susceptibility to a substance. how concentrated it is in the food. how potent the chemical toxin is. how much and how frequently it is eaten.
Treatment for mild constipation includes
consuming additional fluid. engaging in physical activity.
The cause of death for many children in developing countries is
consuming contaminated water.
The disordered eating behaviors of pica involve
consuming nonfood items, such as clay or dirt.
Legumes ______.
contain a single row of seeds
The temperature range between 40 and 140 degrees Fahrenheit, which is associated with the promotion of bacterial growth, is commonly referred to as the ______ zone.
danger
Examples of whole grains include ______.
dark rye quinoa millet and oats
A binge is characterized by
eating a large amount of food within a short period of time.
Parents should not use food as a reward or bribe because this practice ______.
encourages children to use food to achieve goals other than satisfying hunger
The functions of manganese include
energy metabolism. bone formation. free-radical metabolism.
Consumption of vitamin C
enhances absorption of iron.
To meet the daily requirements for folate, a person might include which foods in his or her diet?
enriched cereals green leafy vegetables
Food sources of riboflavin include
enriched grains. eggs. milk.
A(n) ______ amino acid cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts, or at all, and must be included in the diet.
essential
The FITT principle describes
factors to consider when planning a fitness program. / specific aspects to consider when designing a sound fitness program.
The School Lunch Program enables students to receive free or reduced lunches based on
family income.
As physical fitness improves, the ability to use ______ as a fuel for energy increases.
fat
The coenzyme form of pantothenic acid participates in
fatty acid synthesis. release of energy from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
How are the B vitamins absorbed?
free vitamins
Choose foods that will contribute to a rapid restoration of glycogen stores following heavy exercise.
fruit and fruit juice sports drink bread and cereal
Dana reports abdominal pain, gas, and bloating after eating, especially meals that are high in fat. She may have
gallstones.
At the beginning of a meal, the hormone _______ is secreted from the stomach; this hormone controls the release of _______.
gastrin; HCI
The objectives of psychotherapy for bulimia nervosa are to ______.
have less concern about body weight improve self-acceptance
Reasons people choose to become vegetarians include _____.
health economics religion ethics
Obesity, prolonged sitting, violent coughing or sneezing, or straining during bowel movements can lead to ______.
hemorrhoids
Mark has a history of constipation. Lately, he reports pain and occasional rectal bleeding during bowel movements. It is likely that Mark has
hemorrhoids.
The multi-step process the human body employs to stop blood loss is called
hemostasis.
The dietary approach that has been most successful in long-term studies is the primarily plant-based, ______ approach.
high-fiber
A protein that contains all nine essential amino acids is a(n) ______ protein.
high-quality complete
There is a strong body of research that significant amounts of alcohol before, during, and after exercise will _____ performance.
hurt
For bioelectrical impedance to be accurate, ______ must be adequate in the person being accessed.
hydration
Chromium deficiency may lead to
hyperglycemia.
Match the level of physical activity with its correct definition. inactive insufficiently active active activity highly active
inactive -> no additional activity beyond daily life activities insufficiently active -> engaging in less than 150 minutes of physical activity, which does not meet the physical activity guidelines for adults active activity -> 150 to 300 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per week highly active -> exercising for more than 300 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per week, which exceeds the physical activity guidelines for adults
Choose the factors that contribute to malnutrition in the developing world.
inadequate infrastructure high foreign debt imbalances in the food/population ratio
Type 1 diabetes results from ______.
inadequate insulin production
The most common nutrient deficiency disease is
iron-deficiency anemia.
A disease occurring primarily in young children who have an existing disease and consume a marginal amount of calories and insufficient protein is called _____.
kwashiorkor
A common characteristic of both bulimics and anorexics is that they
lack appropriate coping strategies.
Why do some consumers think organic foods are safer than conventional foods?
lack of pesticide use
Exposure to ______ can cause a loss of certain vitamins.
light oxygen heat
Cool-down exercises help prevent ______.
light-headedness dizziness
The primary intent of gastroplasty is to ___________.
limit stomach volume
If a food does not contain the necessary amounts of a certain amino acid to meet a body need, that amino acid is referred to as a
limiting amino acid.
When chyme is in the small intestine, the pancreas secretes ________ to digest triglycerides.
lipase
Gallstones may develop during rapid weight loss or prolonged fasting due to the
liver secreting more cholesterol into the bile.
Irregular heartbeat, weakness, and muscle pain are symptoms of a ______ deficiency.
magnesium
Potassium and ______ supplementation can decrease blood pressure.
magnesium
The RDA for protein of 0.8 grams/kilogram of body weight is designed to ______.
maintain protein equilibrium in adults
Polysaccharides are carbohydrates made of
many sugar units.
What are some examples of environmental and other contaminants that may be found in our food supply?
mercury lead cadmium
Choose the eight foods that account for 90% of food-related allergies.
milk peanuts soy shellfish tree nuts eggs wheat fish
A behavioral strategy that involves becoming aware of and enjoying the entire eating experience - from the origins of the food to the effects it has on the body - is called
mindful eating.
A person who exercises for more than 1 hour per day on a regular basis should consume ______.
moderate to high amounts of carbohydrate
Three key components of a sound weight-loss program are control of calorie intake, increased physical activity, and ______.
modifying lifestyle behaviors
Glucose is the major ______ found in the body.
monosaccharide
Megadoses of ________ may be used to lower cholesterol, but they can cause flushing of the skin.
niacin
Which B vitamin has been used as a medication to lower blood lipids?
niacin
Of the 20 different amino acids that the body uses to function, _____ are considered essential.
nine
A greater intake of fish above two servings per week results in ______.
no additional benefit
Mucilages, lignin, and cellulose are
nonstarch polysaccharides.
People who eat fish at least twice a week have lower risks for heart attacks. This protection is attributable to ______, which reduces blood clotting.
omega-3 fatty acids
Reduced triglycerides, reduced blood clotting, and reduced pain from rheumatoid arthritis are benefits associated with intake of
omega-3 fatty acids.
Linoleic acid is an ______.
omega-6 fatty acid
Nuts are different from peanuts because nuts grow ______ and peanuts grow underground.
on a tree
In hot weather (80 degrees and above), if food is not to be consumed immediately, make sure cooling is done within ______ hour(s).
one
Monosaccharides are carbohydrates made of
one sugar unit.
Approximately ______ of the annual global human food production gets lost or wasted.
one-third
Irregular menstrual cycles for the female athlete may lead to the development of
osteoporosis.
A vitamin B-12 deficiency that results from the malabsorption of vitamin B-12, not from an inadequate intake, is called ______.
pernicious anemia
Which genetically modified foods have the most potential to reduce nutrient deficiencies?
plant breeding for micronutrients
What condition is occurring when the concentration of blood glucose drifts up higher than normal over a period of years?
prediabetes
The dietary approach that has been most successful in long-term studies is the ______ approach.
primarily plant based, high-fiber
Gluten is a type of ______ found in wheat, rye, and barley.
protein
Amino acids are the building blocks of
protein.
The linearity of _____ fatty acids enables the fatty acids to pack very close together, resulting in a solid texture at room temperature.
saturated
Plant-based diets may reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease. This is likely due to the fact that, compared to animal sources of protein, plant sources of protein are lower in
saturated fat and cholesterol.
Bacteria are ______ organisms found in the food we eat, the water we drink, and the air we breathe.
single-cell
Psyllium is a type of ______ fiber that is used as a dietary supplement to improve blood cholesterol and blood sugar.
soluble
A cerebrovascular accident is also called a
stroke.
High intakes of dietary carotenoids do not result in toxicities because
the conversion of provitamin A carotenoids into vitamin A is slow and regulated. the efficiency of carotenoid absorption from the small intestine declines as intake increases.
The nutrient that prevents beriberi is
thiamin.
Choose the functions of iron. transportation of carbon dioxide from cells to the lungs for excretion detoxification of drugs in the liver breakdown of glycogen to glucose synthesis of collagen for bone health
transportation of carbon dioxide from cells to the lungs for excretion detoxification of drugs in the liver synthesis of collagen for bone health
Eating disorders are ______ as common among patients with type 1 diabetes as in those without diabetes.
twice
Choose the two pathogens that pose the greatest risk for food contamination.
viruses bacteria
An organic compound that is needed in small amounts in the diet to support normal function, growth, and maintenance of the body is a
vitamin
Which vitamin plays a major role in maintaining the health of the epithelial cells?
vitamin A
Because it is necessary for over 100 reactions in amino acid metabolism, a deficiency of ______ leads to widespread symptoms, including depression, skin disorders, and nerve problems.
vitamin B-6
Irreversible nerve damage may be caused by excessive intake of ________ supplements.
vitamin B-6
Forming body proteins, helping improve iron absorption, forming numerous compounds in the body, and supporting body defenses are all functions of ______.
vitamin C
Which of the following bone-building nutrients is classified as a hormone?
vitamin D
Phylloquinone, menaquinone, and menadione are all forms of ______.
vitamin K
Tooth decay, stomach ulcers, and swollen salivary glands are all side effects of frequent ______, a common behavior among bulimics.
vomiting
Gluten is naturally found in which of the following grains?
wheat barley rye triticale (a cross between wheat and rye).
The School Breakfast Program was established for children
who meet certain income guidelines.
Heart disease is the ______ leading cause of death among North American adults.
#1
There are approximately 3500 kcal in ______ of fat tissue.
1 pound
Rank the following lifestyle factors in order of their contribution to the development of hypertension (most influential at the top of the list). Inactivity Excessive alcohol intake Excessive salt intake Obesity
1. Obesity 2. Inactivity 3. Excessive alcohol intake 4. Excessive salt intake
Select the Upper Level for iodine.
1.1 mg/day
The world produces enough food to feed ______ the global population.
1.5 times
Multiple Choice Question The Dietary Guidelines recommend that ______ of our grains come from whole grains.
1/2
What percentage of households in the United States reported that they experienced food insecurity?
11.0%
Approximately _____ percent of people in the United States are living at or below the poverty level.
12
All of the muscle storage of glycogen is about ______.
1400 kcal 350 grams
Bacteria do not multiply when food is held at temperatures above ______ degrees F or stored at temperatures below ______ degrees F.
140; 40
The RDA for vitamin D for adults from 19 to 70 years is ______ micrograms per day.
15
How much does physical activity increase energy expenditure beyond basal metabolism?
15%-30%
Per CDC guidelines adults should get a minimum of _______ minutes of moderate aerobic exercise/week:
150
Teresa consumes one serving of a food that contains one gram of carbohydrate, one gram of fat, and one gram of protein. What is the total number of calories she is getting from the food?
17 kcal
Energy bars typically provide about ______ kcal.
180 to 250
I weigh 85 kilograms, how much do I weigh in pounds?
187 pounds
Binge-eating disorder is diagnosed when a person binges on large amounts of food without purging at least ______ time(s) per week for ______ month(s).
1; 3
To prevent foodborne illness, cooked food should be consumed right away or refrigerated or frozen within ______ hour(s).
2
To improve flexibility, the American College of Sports Medicine recommends performing stretching exercises at least ______.
2 - 3 times per week
What was the first treatment for scurvy in 1740?
2 oranges and 1 lemon a day
An athlete should drink ______ cups of fluid for every pound of weight lost following exercise.
2 to 3
How much weight should a person receiving nutrition therapy for anorexia expect to gain each week?
2-3 pounds
Acesulfame-K is how much sweeter than sugar?
200 times
What is the adequate intake level for fiber in adult women?
25 grams
The Upper Level for calcium is ______ milligrams per day.
2500
Agriculture worldwide produces enough food to meet the energy requirements of earth's 7.6 billion people, however, the FAO reports that over ______ percent of people are food insecure.
26
The AI for biotin for adults is
30 micrograms/day.
How many calories are still absorbed by the body, even after purging?
33%-75%
Which of the following represents a healthy fat intake for an athlete?
35% of total kcal
How many calories are in one pound of fat?
3500
There are about _____ kcal in one pound of fat tissue.
3500
Select the Upper Level for selenium.
400 mcg/day
The UL for phosphorus is ______.
4000 mg/day
Severe (morbid) obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than or equal to ____ or weighing at least _____ pounds over healthy body weight.
40; 100
Men aged ______ years or older and women aged ______ years or older should see a physician before beginning a regular exercise program.
40; 50
The AI for choline for adult women is ______ per day.
425 milligrams
Which of the following is the Upper Level for iron?
45 mg
According to the Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) of the National Academy of Sciences, ________ of calories should come from carbohydrates.
45% to 65%
The RDA for selenium for adult males and nonpregnant females is ___ micrograms.
55
In addition to having a nonnutritive calorie load of _____ kcals/gm, alcohol has negative effects on performance and recovery from exercise.
7
How many amino acids are considered essential?
9
The incidence of anorexia and bulimia for women outnumbers that of men by about ______.
9 to 1
The average adult female needs to drink about ______ cups of fluid per day.
9 to 11
Fluid intake recommendations for women are ______ cups per day and ______ cups per day for men.
9 to 11; 13 to 15
Phospholipids differ from triglycerides in which of the following ways?
A compound containing phosphorus replaces one fatty acid.
Mary is experiencing all the symptoms of a vitamin B-12 deficiency even though she is consuming a diet high in vitamin B-12. What might be the cause of her deficiency symptoms?
A lack of intrinsic factor in the stomach.
Choose the true statements about pantothenic acid deficiency.
A pantothenic acid deficiency may be unrecognizable. Symptoms would be hidden among deficiencies of thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B-6, and folate. Might occur in alcoholism along with a nutrient-deficient diet.
Which of the following statements about fiber are true?
A substance found in plants Adds bulk to feces Is a complex carbohydrate
_____ has been identified as a disease that significantly contributes to undernutrition in developing nations because it reduces worker productivity and costs so much to treat.
AIDS
______ breakdown of glucose provides approximately 95% of ATP from glucose metabolism.
Aerobic
The population most vulnerable to sickle cell anemia in North America is people of ______.
African descent
Which of the following decreases BMR?
Age
______ uses the largest proportion of the world's freshwater resources.
Agriculture
Individuals with IBS benefit from: A low FODMAP diet Stress reduction Probiotics All of the above
All of the above
A fatty acid is a chain of carbons, flanked by hydrogens. One end of the fatty acid is called the alpha end and the other end is called the omega end. What chemical groups are found at each end of the fatty acid? Alpha end Omega end
Alpha end -> acid group (COOH) Omega end -> methyl group (CH3)
Which type of starch makes up 80% of digestible starches in the diet?
Amylopectin
Of the following polysaccharides, which is digested most rapidly?
Amylopectin The branched structure of amylopectin offers more sites for enzyme action and therefore is digested more rapidly than amylose, which is a straight chain of glucose units.
What two chemical groups are found at the end of either side of the fatty-acid carbon chain?
An acid group (COOH) and a methyl group (CH3)
Which of the following increases basal metabolism?
An increase in lean body mass
What is a GMO?
An organism that is created by genetic engineering
Which alternative sweetener contains the amino acids phenylalanine and aspartic acid?
Aspartame
What are the four pillars of food security?
Availability, access, utilization, and stability
The ratio of body weight (in kilograms) to height (in meters)2 is the _____. p.s. meters^2
BMI
_____________ plays a major role in the breakdown of certain types of dietary fiber in the large intestine.
Bacteria
Which of the following foods do not contain any cholesterol?
Bagels Strawberries
Which of the following are dietary sources of chromium? Select all that apply. Beer Nuts White bread Organ meats
Beer Nuts Organ meats
At what stage of pregnancy is birth considered to be preterm?
Before 37 weeks
Which of the following steps of vitamin B-12 absorption occur in the stomach?
Binding of vitamin B-12 to R-protein Cleavage of food-bound vitamin B-12 Secretion of intrinsic factor
What is the term for an eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating that are not followed by compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain?
Binge-eating disorder
Which eating disorder is most common?
Binge-eating disorder
______ increases risks for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes.
Binge-eating disorder
______ is a collection of processes that use biological systems to alter and improve characteristics of plants and animals.
Biotechnology
The deficiency disease that causes scaly, inflamed skin, decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, and weakness is due to a lack of which B-vitamin?
Biotin
How is HIV transmitted from person to person?
Bodily fluids
Where is 85% of the phosphorus in the body found?
Bone
Where is most of the calcium in the body found?
Bone
What is a serious, long-term health consequence of absent or irregular menstrual periods among women of childbearing age?
Bone loss
For a normal blood calcium value to be maintained despite an inadequate calcium intake, what "pays the price"?
Bones
Which of the following are common food sources of amylose?
Breads Beans Vegetables
Secretive binge eating, low self-esteem, loss of control over eating, and erosion of teeth are all signs of which eating disorder?
Bulimia nervosa
Stealing, increased sexual activity, drug and alcohol abuse, and self-mutilation are impulsive behaviors correlated with which eating disorder?
Bulimia nervosa
Which eating disorder is characterized by the consumption of large quantities of food at one time (binge eating) followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors to rid the body of excess calories?
Bulimia nervosa
Which of the following are the ways to select or prepare potatoes that will produce a slower rise in blood glucose?
Buy "new" potatoes that have thin skins. Cook potatoes and then refrigerate overnight before eating.
Which statements are true about Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) programs?
CSA programs are one part of the growing locavore movement. Families or companies receive a share of food produced by a farm in return for money or labor.
All of the following are classified as macronutrients except Fat Protein Calcium Carbohydrate
Calcium
Choose the best definition for binge-eating disorder.
Characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating resulting in distress but not followed by inappropriate behaviors to prevent weight gain.
Which foods are commonly associated with Salmonella intoxication?
Chicken and eggs
Why did the name for type 2 diabetes change from noninsulin-dependent or adult-onset diabetes to type 2 diabetes?
Children are developing type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetics eventually rely on insulin injections.
______ ions are a component of the acid produced in the stomach and are also used during immune responses as white blood cells attack foreign cells.
Chloride
Choose a lipid that can be synthesized by the body?
Cholesterol
______ is a type of lipid that is found only in foods of animal origin.
Cholesterol
Which of the following is a strategy to improve dietary fat quality?
Choose salmon instead of roast beef for a dinner entree.
Vitamin C is needed for the production of which protein?
Collagen
Which of the following digestive complaint is commonly caused by bacterial infections?
Diarrhea Peptic ulcers
How are nonstarch polysaccharides listed on food labels?
Dietary fiber
Which of the following is a feature of diabetes?
Dietary management should focus on total carbohydrate intake rather than the type consumed
The breakdown of dietary starch to glucose in the small intestine is considered
Digestion
Match each type of water with the agency responsible for its safety. EPA FDA
EPA -> tap water FDA -> bottled water
How can you increase the nutrient consumption of potatoes by 50%?
Eat the potato skin
Which of the following involves physiological changes associated with food restriction, binge eating, purging, and fluctuations in weight?
Eating disorder
______ involves a buildup of excess fluid in tissues.
Edema
Which of the following occurs with inadequate consumption of protein?
Edema can develop. Immune function is impaired. Blood protein concentration decreases.
Which of the following is not true about Marasmus:
Edema is typically seen
Which of the following is a characteristic of vitamins? Provide energy Become structural components of the body Enable chemical processes in the body Made in sufficient quantities by the body
Enable chemical processes in the body
Which of the following components of total energy expenditure is most easily altered to achieve weight management goals?
Energy for physical activity
What are the major functions of fatty acids and triglycerides in the body?
Energy storage Insulation Transport of fat-soluble vitamins
Who takes a "precautionary" approach to food additives when there is evidence of danger to human or environmental health?
European Union (EU)
Mary tells you that she is taking 1 gram of vitamin C daily to prevent a cold. Which of the following is true regarding megadoses of vitamin C?
Excess vitamin C is excreted from the body.
What are some characteristics of anorexia nervosa?
Extreme weight loss Distorted body image Irrational fear of weight gain
A person genetically predisposed to a diet-related disease can do little to delay the onset of the disease.
False
True or false: Purging is a good way to get rid of any calories consumed during a binge.
False
True or false: SNAP benefits can be used to purchase alcohol, as long as it will be used in cooking.
False
True or false: Television, magazines, and the media have little influence on body image.
False
True or false: The best answer to solving undernutrition is to address only the food production issues within that region.
False
True or false: The body links amino acids with peptide bonds to form lipids.
False
True or false: The low absorption, plus the limited availability of phosphorus in foods, makes this mineral more important than calcium in diet planning.
False
What situation associated with malnutrition is often a result of crop failures, war, and political unrest?
Famine
_____ is an extreme shortage of food, which leads to massive starvation in a population.
Famine
For your cells, what are some advantages of using fat for fuel?
Fat fuel provides twice as much energy in comparison to carbohydrate. We generally have more fat stores than carbohydrate stores.
What is the most nutrient-dense source of calcium?
Fat-free milk, because of its high bioavailability and low calorie content.
The body is able to store which group of vitamins?
Fat-soluble vitamins
Which of the following are products of fat digestion in the small intestine?
Fatty acids Monoglycerides
Which of the following are characteristics displayed by a person with anorexia?
Fear of weight gain False body perception Rigid dieting causing dramatic weight loss
How does fiber help prevent constipation?
Fiber makes the stool large and soft. The larger stool size stimulates the intestinal muscles to contract. Fiber remains in the intestinal tract and supplies bulk to the feces, making elimination easier.
What are some deficiency symptoms experienced with inadequate consumption of essential fatty acids?
Flaky/itchy skin Impaired wound healing Growth restriction
Why is it important to consume fluids with carbohydrate-containing foods, especially energy bars and gels?
Fluids should be consumed with carbohydrate foods to ensure adequate hydration.
Which regulatory agency in the United States determines the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) guidelines for alternative sweeteners?
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
What is it called when the quality, variety, and/or desirability of the diet are reduced and there is difficulty at times providing enough food for everyone in the household?
Food insecurity
Which of the following are characteristics of eating disorders?
Food restriction Weight fluctuations Binge eating
What is the name of the list developed by the U.S. Congress because it believed manufacturers did not need to prove the safety of substances that had been used for a long time and were generally recognized as safe.
GRAS
How are nutrition and genetics linked?
Genes determine nutrient requirements. Nutrients affect gene expression. Genes influence development of some nutritional diseases.
Nadine recently found out through genetic testing that she is a carrier of the BRCA1 gene, which indicates she is at high risk for developing breast and ovarian cancer. If her health insurance company increases her premiums based on this information, they would be in violation of the
Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act.
Which of the following are components of phospholipids?
Glycerol Fatty acids Phosphate
What type of foods should be controlled in individuals taking anticoagulant medicines because of vitamin K?
Green leafy vegetables
Which of the following foods and beverages are rich sources of sodium? Ham, sliced, 1 ounce Pepperoni pizza, 2 slices Chicken noodle soup, canned, 1 cup Bottled water, 16 fluid ounces
Ham, sliced, 1 ounce Pepperoni pizza, 2 slices Chicken noodle soup, canned, 1 cup
What iron-containing compound carries oxygen in the bloodstream?
Hemoglobin
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for Osteoporosis: Cigarette smoking Caucasian ethnicity High BMI Low estrogen levels
High BMI
Which of following are functions of chloride in the human body? Immune response Stomach acid production Component of bone matrix Nerve impulse conduction
Immune response Stomach acid production Nerve impulse conduction
Which of the following is a benefit of regular physical activity?
Improved sleep
What are the underlying causes of malnutrition today?
Inadequate access to food Inadequate health care
What is the first line of defense for treating diarrhea?
Increase the intake of water and electrolytes.
What is the primary cause of undernutrition in the developing world?
Inequitable food distribution
What are some physical health complications that people with anorexia and bulimia experience?
Kidney failure Heart conditions
What of the following is not considered an anthropometric measurement? Weight Lipids in the blood Skinfold thickness Arm muscle circumference
Lipids in the blood
What is another name for lactose?
Milk sugar
What are some examples of good food choices for a meal eaten about three hours before a marathon?
Muffin Bagel
Table salt is chemically known as _____ _____.
Na Cl
Low-income children of school age are eligible for
National School Lunch Program.
What are the symptoms that occur when infected with salmonella species?
Nausea, fever, headache, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and vomiting.
Where is DNA located in a cell?
Nucleus
The ______ provides federal funding for congregate and home-delivered meals for all U.S. citizens aged 60 and older.
Older Americans Act
What enzyme is responsible for carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine?
Pancreatic amylase
What vitamin deficiency disease appeared in people who had subsisted on a diet high in corn and low in protein?
Pellagra
Through what process does the body use water to regulate body temperature?
Perspiration
Identify the sources of vitamin K.
Plant oils Green, leafy vegetables
Which of the following minerals are involved in muscle contraction and nerve impulse transmission?
Potassium Calcium Sodium
Which food would most likely be consumed during a binge-eating episode?
Potato chips
Which of the following is a benefit of soluble fiber?
Reduces total serum cholesterol
Which meal contains foods from all food groups represented in MyPlate? Chef's salad containing ham, lettuce, an egg, dressing, and croutons; bagel; apple; and soft drink Steak; baked potato with margarine; broccoli; salad with oil and vinegar dressing; and milk Refried beans, onions, tomatoes, and cheddar cheese wrapped in a tortilla; orange; and water Pasta, marinara (tomato) sauce with clams; house salad with vegetables; Italian bread with butter, and wine.
Refried beans, onions, tomatoes, and cheddar cheese wrapped in a tortilla; orange; and water
Where should food be marinated?
Refrigerator
Which of the following bacteria can make a person ill by foodborne infection (as opposed to foodborne intoxication)? Clostridium botulinum Staphylococcus aureus Salmonella species Bacillus cereus
Salmonella species
Which types of bacteria cause food-borne illness?
Salmonella species Campylobacter jejuni Escherichia coli Listeria monocytogenes
______ fatty acids contain no carbon-carbon double bonds.
Saturated
Which of the following has only carbon-carbon single bonds?
Saturated fatty acid
Match the fatty acid type with its correct chemical structure description. Saturated fatty acid Monounsaturated fatty acid Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Saturated fatty acid -> contains no carbon-carbon double bonds Monounsaturated fatty acid -> one carbon-carbon double bond Polyunsaturated fatty acid -> two or more carbon-carbon double bonds
Pair the fatty acid with its correct structure. Saturated fatty acid Monounsaturated fatty acid Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Saturated fatty acid -> no carbon-carbon double bonds Monounsaturated fatty acid -> one carbon-carbon double bond Polyunsaturated fatty acid -> two or more carbon-carbon double bonds
______ fat and ______ fat intake should be limited in diets of athletes and nonathletes alike.
Saturated; trans
High-fat foods should be avoided during a pre-event meal because fat is slowly digested, which may lead to gastrointestinal discomfort during an athletic event. Which of the following are examples of high-fat foods to avoid during a pre-event meal? Sausage Gravies Bread Sports drinks Bacon
Sausage Gravies Bacon
Choose strategies to prevent foodborne illness when purchasing food at the store.
Select frozen foods and perishable foods last. Observe sell-by and expiration dates. Do not buy food from damaged containers that leak, bulge, or are severely dented.
Which of the following minerals participates in antioxidant reactions?
Selenium
What are some of the long-term consequences of undernutrition?
Social consequences, such as more dependence on government agencies. Individual consequences, such as poor development and learning especially in children.
Which of the following is a feature of phospholipids?
Soluble in both water and fat
Select all of the following that are nutritive sweeteners.
Sorbitol High-fructose corn syrup Sucrose
Which food assistance program is considered the most successful federally funded nutrition program based on health outcomes?
Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC)
What is a benefit of consuming sport drinks during exercise?
Sport drinks supply necessary fluid, electrolyte, and carbohydrate for optimal performance.
Which of the following is a function of protein?
Synthesis of enzymes and hormones
Which of the following is the best treatment approach for binge eating disorder? A diet that lists foods to be eaten and others to be avoided. A structured eating plan that the person eats without regard to his or her hunger signals. Encouraging a person to nurture others rather than focus on his or her own needs. Teaching a person to eat in response to internal hunger cues.
Teaching a person to eat in response to internal hunger cues.
Why do most foodborne illnesses caused by viruses go undetected?
Testing for viruses is difficult.
Choose the statements that explain the best way to thaw food.
Thaw food using a microwave oven. Thaw food in the refrigerator.
Which of the following are problems that individuals with bulimia nervosa may develop as a result of vomiting? Tooth decay Esophageal tears Calcification of soft tissue Irregular heart rhythm
Tooth decay Esophageal tears Irregular heart rhythm
Celiac Disease is an autoimmune condition that results in damage to the small intestine upon exposure to gluten-containing foods.
True
The best long-term success in anorexia nervosa treatment has been with a multidisciplinary team approach with health care providers.
True
True or false: A binge is defined by eating a large amount of food in a short period of time.
True
True or false: For an overweight or obese person, moderate weight loss is likely to lower blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and LDL cholesterol.
True
True or false: HDL removes cholesterol from the bloodstream and returns it to the liver for excretion.
True
True or false: Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids are typically liquid at room temperature.
True
True or false: There is no Upper Level for potassium.
True
True or false: The primary function of carbohydrates in the body is to provide energy.
True Carbohydrates are stored as glycogen in the body for later use as energy.
What amino acid becomes essential when phenylalanine is lacking in the diet?
Tyrosine
For a healthy 24-year-old female, the ______ for calcium is 2500 mg/day.
UL
Which of the following agencies are responsible for monitoring the food supply? US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND) State and local health departments
US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) State and local health departments
When choosing supplements, look for the ____ label which indicates that the product has been evaluated and meets professionally accepted standards of supplement quality.
USP
Which of the following MyPlate food groups has the highest nutrient density for folate?
Vegetables
Which of the following MyPlate food groups provides the most vitamin K?
Vegetables
Which fat-soluble vitamin is important for the health of epithelial cells because it promotes mucus production?
Vitamin A
Which vitamin aids in the absorption of iron?
Vitamin C
Why will megadoses of vitamin C not be toxic?
Vitamin C is water soluble and not stored.
Scurvy can be prevented with adequate intakes of
Vitamin C.
Why could a person with adequate calcium intake but a deficiency of vitamin D be at risk of bone fractures?
Vitamin D is necessary for calcium absorption.
Which of the following vitamins/minerals is not required to be on a nutrition facts label? Iron Calcium Vitamin E Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Which dietary substances are known to be effective ergogenic aids to performance?
Water Carbohydrates
Water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins differ in which way?
Water-soluble vitamins are less likely to be toxic.
Which of these foods will a vegan eat?
Watermelon Vegetable oil Tofu
Which of the following factors are used to calculate Estimated Energy Requirements for adults with the Food and Nutrition Board's formula?
Weight Height Age
One example of a desirable self-help organization that can assist individuals with social support and education for successful, sustainable weight loss is ______.
Weight Watchers (also called WW)
What are the worst outcomes of fad diets?
Weight loss is mostly muscle, not fat. Permanent weight loss is not achieved. Habits are not changed.
Why is food preparation viewed as the start of carbohydrate digestion?
When cooked in water, starches swell as they soak up water, making them easier to digest. Cooking softens the tough connective structures in the fibrous parts of plants.
Why do reduced-fat foods contain the same, or similar, amount of calories as their reference foods?
When fat is removed, sugar is usually added to maintain a palatable flavor and texture, usually resulting in similar energy density.
When is glucose most likely used to produce fat?
When overall calorie needs are exceeded
Which of the following food-handling practices increases risk for foodborne illness? Always wash your hands after handling raw meat, fish, poultry, or eggs. Do not buy or use food from a bulging can. When shopping, select meat, poultry, or fish first. Wash all utensils that have come in contact with raw meat or fish after using.
When shopping, select meat, poultry, or fish first.
Eating disorders are more common for which gender?
Women
What is the name for health-promoting compounds found in animal food?
Zoochemicals
Edema refers to
a buildup of fluid in extracellular spaces.
Cancer begins when a DNA mutation occurs in ______.
a cell
When scientists select the traits that they desire and genetically engineer the gene that produces the trait in plants or animals, the new organism is called ______.
a genetically modified organism
Secretions of the digestive tract, respiratory tract, and urogenital tract best exemplify the role of water as
a lubricant.
What is a triglyceride?
a molecule consisting of three fatty acids bonded to a glycerol
The richest source of vitamin B-12 would be
a tuna fish sandwich.
Cross-contamination of food occurs when _____________________.
a utensil contaminated with a microorganism from a previously handled food contacts a second food
Which of the following nonnutritive sweeteners are currently available in the food supply in the United States?
acesulfame-K aspartame neotame
When working muscles break down glucose anaerobically, a build-up of _____ can inhibit the activities of key enzymes, slow down anaerobic ATP production, and cause short-term fatigue.
acidity
What is the level of physical activity that is defined as "activity equivalent to 150 minutes to 300 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per week?"
active
Amino acids and glucose enter cells by active transport. passive diffusion. facilitated diffusion. endocytosis.
active transport.
The majority of salt present in the American food supply is
added during food processing.
Any substance added to foods, either intentionally or unintentionally, is a(n)
addititive.
Substances that are added to foods, either intentionally or incidentally are called _____.
additives
Body cells must convert the chemical energy in carbohydrates, proteins, or fats into ______ in order to fuel body functions. (HINT: Spell out the term.)
adenosine triphosphate
In North America, intakes of most B vitamins are generally ______.
adequate
The amount and location of ______ in the body are important predictors of cardiovascular disease risk.
adipose tissue
Choose the factors that are environmental and can promote weight gain.
advertising social and economic status culture
A(n) ______ workout uses large muscle groups in a rhythmic fashion with the aim of increasing the heart rate.
aerobic
Walking, running, dancing, and biking are examples of _____ activities.
aerobic
Which type of metabolism can sustain a slow rate of activity for hours?
aerobic glucose breakdown
Which is more efficient at producing ATP? anaerobic glucose metabolism aerobic glucose metabolism
aerobic glucose metabolism
The primary function of iron is to
aid in oxygen transportation.
Which of the following consists of 7 kcals/g?
alcohol
The names of the four tocotrienols are called what?
alpha delta gamma beta
Which fatty acids are considered essential fatty acids? oleic acid alpha-linolenic acid linoleic acid
alpha-linolenic acid linoleic acid
A weight loss regimen on the internet claims that 10 minutes of physical activity each day is all you need to lose weight. A more successful plan would
also include behavior modification strategies, such as self-monitoring of diet and exercise. also include dietary strategies to reduce energy intake.
Molybdenum participates in
amino acid metabolism.
What are the two forms of starch digestible by humans?
amylopectin amylose
According to federal law, a pesticide is ______.
any substance or mixture of substances intended to prevent, destroy, repel, or mitigate any pest
Sodium ions ______ water.
attract
A vitamin E deficiency is most likely to occur in a.Vegans b.Premature infants c.People with fat malabsorption d.b and c
b and c Premature infants People with fat malabsorption
An example of a probiotic is
bacteria in yogurt.
Prior to cooking, eggs and egg products should always be stored
below 40 degrees F.
A person experiencing weakness, loss of appetite, poor coordination, and edema caused from lack of thiamin is experiencing the deficiency disease known as
beriberi.
Up to 17 million farmers in 26 countries have planted over 190 million hectares of ______ crops.
biotech
As intake of added sugars increases, dietary quality
decreases.
Incorporation of fluoride into the tooth structure during tooth development limits
demineralization by acid-producing bacteria.
In the developing world, agricultural production is ______.
depleting natural resources not sustainable for the long term
Which of the following are characteristics of pellagra, the deficiency disease for niacin?
dermatitis. diarrhea. dementia.
Food labels list ingredients in:
descending order of predominance by weight
According to DSHEA, products containing vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and botanicals are categorized as
dietary supplements.
The role of salivary lipase, gastric lipase, and pancreatic lipase is to
digest triglycerides.
Bioavailability refers to the degree to which a nutrient can be
digested and absorbed.
A person who experiences physiological changes as a result of food restriction, binge eating, purging, and fluctuations in weight may have a(n) _____.
disorder
Patients who take ______ may be at risk for potassium deficiency.
diuretics
When small bulges or sacs form in the large intestine, the sacs are called
diverticula.
Unsaturated fatty acids are liquid at room temperature because their ______ prevent them from packing closely together.
double bonds
Choose foods that are good sources of phosphorus.
eggs fish nuts bran
Pork is an excellent source of thiamin. For an individual that does not eat pork, what are some food choices that would also be good sources of thiamin?
enriched grains ready-to-eat breakfast cereals dried beans
Choose the substances that contain protein.
enzymes visual pigments immune antibodies mucus
Studies of populations that reveal correlations between dietary habits and disease incidence are
epidemiological studies.
Vitamin A maintains the health of the ______ cells, which line the surfaces of the lungs, intestines, stomach, vagina, urinary tract, and bladder.
epithelial
Plant proteins do not match our need for ______ as precisely as animal proteins.
essential amino acids
Linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid are both
essential fatty acids
A nutrient needed by the body and that must be supplied by foods is termed a(n):
essential nutrient.
As perspiration ______, heat is removed from the body.
evaporates
The food supply is thought to provide 40 to 60 micrograms of biotin per person per day, which ______ the AI for biotin.
exceeds
A deficiency in vitamin K can lead to ______.
excessive bleeding bruising
"Debting" refers to the use of ______ to counteract the excess calories consumed during a binge.
excessive exercise
Selenium toxicity would most likely result from
excessive use of dietary supplements.
People with celiac disease
experience an autoimmune response when they consume gluten.
Insufficient production of bile is mostly likely to impair absorption of
fat.
Which is the term for the synthetic form of folate?
folic acid
What is the primary short-term problem with getting food to those who need it in the developing world?
food distribution use of the food (supply chain)
Approximately 11% of U.S. households report ______.
food insecurity
Your daily carbohydrate intake should come mainly from ______.
fruits and vegetables whole grain breads and cereals beans
The shape of a protein determines its ______.
function
What are some examples of pesticides?
fungicides herbicides insecticides
The secretion of more cholesterol into bile may lead to _____.
gallstones
There is strong evidence that cardiovascular disease is caused by ______.
gene-environment interactions
A good diet won't substitute for either ______ or ______ as a determinant of athletic performance.
genetic makeup athletic training
Food manufacturers prefer to use ________ as a sweetener because it is easy to transport, has good shelf-stability, is low cost, and improves food properties.
high-fructose corn syrup
Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is ______ basal metabolic rate (BMR).
higher than
Hyperglycemia refers to blood sugar that is
higher than normal.
A compound manufactured by one organ that has a physiological effect on another organ or tissue is called a(n) _____.
hormone
Vitamin D is unique in that it has a site of synthesis that is different from the location of action, so it is considered to be a
hormone.
What are potential sources of diseases in urban areas of the developing world?
human urine and feces inability to dispose of dead animals and people killed from civil war insect and rodent infestations
Which of the following are potential consequences of vitamin B-6 deficiency?
impaired immune response anemia nerve problems
Undernutrition is usually accompanied by which of the following two factors?
inadequate sanitation inadequate shelter
A sensible idea for preventing constipation is to
include more whole grain breads, beans, and apples in the diet.
Decreasing the water content of a food will ______ a food's shelf life.
increase
Increases in lean body mass will ______ basal metabolic rate.
increase
When children have fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and increased perspiration, they are at ______ risk for dehydration.
increased
Major benefits of using pesticides include ______.
increased crop yields reduced food costs
Which of the following are associated with chronic hunger?
increased susceptibility to infection reduced energy and strength impaired ability to learn
As the insulin in the blood declines, blood glucose ______.
increases
HIV infection ______ daily calorie requirements.
increases
Physical activity ______ overall energy expenditure.
increases
As lean muscle mass increases as a result of physical activity, metabolic rate
increases.
Another term to describe essential amino acids is ______.
indispensable
The American Heart Association's recommendation to limit saturated fat intake to no more than 5% to 6% of total calories is intended for
individuals at risk for heart disease.
Food ______ is when the quality, variety, and/or desirability of the diet is reduced and there is difficulty at times providing enough food for everyone in the household.
insecurity
Most of the body's potassium is found
inside the cells.
The layer of triglycerides beneath the skin serves to
insulate the body.
Which of the following are characteristics of gallstones?
intermittent pain in the upper right abdomen nausea or vomiting gas and bloating
All of the following stand for the FITT principle, except: time interval frequency type
interval
Biotin can be synthesized by
intestinal bacteria.
Carbohydrate loading:
involves a reduction in the intensity of workouts with a corresponding increase in the percentage of carbohydrate intake over several days before a competition.
Because thyroid hormones regulate metabolic rate and promote growth and development throughout the body, ______ adequacy is important for overall energy metabolism.
iodine
Lack of ______ in the diet may lead to enlargement of the thyroid gland.
iodine
The thyroid gland uses ______ to synthesize thyroid hormones.
iodine
A deficiency in which mineral will noticeably affect athletic performance?
iron
Choose the mineral that is replaced by manufacturers when lost in the refinement process.
iron
During the enrichment of refined grain products, ______ is the only mineral added, whereas the other minerals lost during refinement are not replaced.
iron
Which of the following minerals is the most common deficiency in the world?
iron
Typical warning signs of a heart attack include
irregular heartbeat. shortness of breath. intense, prolonged chest pain or pressure, sometimes radiating to other parts of the upper body.
Excessive caffeine intake may ______.
irritate stomach ulcers increase urination aggravate heartburn
Protein is a major component of body structures. supplies 9 kcal per gram. is a significant energy source for humans. functions as a solvent.
is a major component of body structures.
An incomplete or lower-quality protein means that the food
is lacking one more essential amino acids.
Vitamin B-12 is important for neurological health because it
is required for formation of myelin.
All of the following are characteristics of cholesterol except
it is an essential nutrient
Due to their high energy density (9 kcal per gram) ______ are the ideal form of energy storage for the body.
lipids
Which nutrient does not readily dissolve in water?
lipids
Causes of fatigue from anaerobic glucose breakdown include
loss of potassium from muscle cells decrease in muscle pH
Treatment for overweight and obesity should involve healthy, active living with acceptable diet modifications that will promote weight ______ and later, weight ______.
loss; maintenance
Aerobic glucose breakdown is prominent when exercise is of ______ intensity.
low or moderate
During exercise, our cells break down glucose to generate ATP. Glucose can be broken down anaerobically (without oxygen) to generate ATP, but the ATP yield is greatest when glucose is fully broken down aerobically (in the presence of oxygen). Our cells use glucose most efficiently (i.e., to make the most ATP) when exercise is of ______ intensity.
low or moderate
The U.S. Congress established public assistance programs that provide ______ to children at school.
lunch breakfast
Immediately after large lipids are absorbed from the small intestine, they are transported through the ________ system to a duct that empties into the bloodstream near the heart.
lymphatic
The "3Ms" -- motivation, movement, and monitoring foster success at weight loss _____.
maintenance
What term describes a condition of impaired development or function caused by a chronic deficiency or an excess in calories and/or nutrient intake?
malutrition
Which mineral participates in bone formation, antioxidant reactions, and metabolism of glucose and amino acids?
manganese
Victims of the type of protein-calorie malnutrition known as ______ have a "skin and bones" appearance with little or no subcutaneous fat.
marasmus
Choose the characteristics that are seen in people with chronic homelessness. mental and/or physical disability well-educated long-term homelessness repeated homelessness
mental and/or physical disability long-term homelessness repeated homelessness
Cancer researchers estimate that humans ingest
more natural plant toxins than synthetic pesticide residues.
Most sports nutrition experts recommend that athletes should consume ______ the RDA for protein.
more than
The psychological term for "reverse anorexia" is
muscle dysmorphia.
A selenium deficiency may lead to which of the following conditions? muscle wasting heart damage muscle pain lung damage
muscle wasting heart damage muscle pain
The ability of the muscle to perform repeated, submaximal contractions over time without becoming fatigued is ______.
muscular endurance
A free-weight workout that includes 8 to 10 different exercises performed for many repetitions with low resistance is designed mainly to enhance
muscular endurance.
The principles of overload, adaptation, progression, and specificity will improve ______.
muscular strength
Metabolic rate, fuel use, and brain chemistry are all examples of the influence of ____ on body weight.
nature
An acute illness might cause ______ protein balance because the person would not be consuming adequate amounts of protein.
negative
A person who does not have an adequate protein intake, such as during times of fasting, is at risk for ______.
negative protein balance
Which of the following might happen to someone with an acute illness?
negative protein balance
According to the American Heart Association, individuals at risk for cardiovascular disease (or who already have cardiovascular disease) should limit saturated fat intake to ______.
no more than 5% to 6% of total kilocalories
The following are "red flags" that should warn you that a diet may not be safe or effective.
no need for exercise required use of expensive supplements or meal replacements weight loss testimonials from famous people
A(n) ______ amino acid is one that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts.
nonessential
Weight Watchers is an example of a community weight-loss organization that ____.
offers a self-help program with social support and education
Which of the following population groups should be monitored closely for dehydration?
older adults endurance athletes sick children
Vitamin D toxicity is most likely to result from
overuse of supplemental vitamin D.
Which B vitamin is required for the synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA)?
pantothenic acid
Which of the following B-vitamins functions in the release of energy from carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins as well as in fatty acid synthesis? Its name comes from the Greek word meaning "from every side."
pantothenic acid
The pathogen that lives on another organism robbing the host of nutrients is called a ______.
parasite
To prevent foodborne illness, choose milk and cheese products that are
pasteurized.
What are some food sources that contain 50% of total calories or more from fat?
peanut butter avocados milk chocolate bar
Dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis, and death are symptoms of the deficiency disease known as
pellagra.
Prolonged malnutrition is particularly damaging during ______.
periods of growth old age
The benefits of using ______ include decrease food costs and increased crop yields.
pesticides
Active vitamin D enhances the absorption of calcium and ______.
phosphorus
Found mostly in bone, ______ is the second most abundant mineral in the body.
phosphorus
Heart-protective compounds in plant food that may help prevent blood clots and relax the blood vessels are called _____.
phytochemicals
Physiologically active compounds in foods that provide benefits but are not essential nutrients are commonly known as:
phytochemicals. (and zoochemicals)
The eating disorder in which a person eats nonfood substances, such as dirt and clay, is called
pica.
Vitamin E is found naturally in many ______.
plant oils
Engaging in mindful eating includes the conscious awareness of ______.
pleasant flavors, textures, and tastes of foods hunger cues how the food was prepared
Which of the following fats have been shown to reduce serum cholesterol levels?
polyunsaturated fats monounsaturated fats
During pregnancy, a woman needs to have an adequate intake of protein so that she is in a ______.
positive energy balance
The "K" in Acesulfame-K represents ______.
potassium
The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008
prohibits health insurers from using the results of genetic testing to raise premiums or deny coverage.
When glycogen stores are depleted, ______ can contribute as much as 10% to 15% toward energy needs.
protein
Which food group provides the least amount of folate?
protein
The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)
provides food vouchers and nutrition education to low-income pregnant and lactating women and their young children.
Anorexia nervosa is characterized by
psychological denial of appetite.
Consuming foods with high glycemic index immediately after a bout of exercise will
rapidly restore glycogen stores.
A vitamin K deficiency is ______.
rare
Intact proteins are ______ absorbed from the digestive tract.
rarely
The last food(s) to buy when shopping in the supermarket should be ________.
raw poultry and eggs
Mindful eating involves _____.
recognizing physical hunger and satiety cues making wise eating decisions awareness of food preparation
The body loses water through
respiration. excretion. perspiration.
Cow's milk is an excellent source of
riboflavin.
Suitable technologies for processing, preserving, marketing, and distributing nutritious local staples need to be encouraged so that
small farmers can flourish.
A _____ is a liquid in which other materials dissolve forming a solution.
solvent
Which of the following is NOT an alternative sweetener?
sorbitol
Do not taste or use food that ______ when the can is opened, as a deadly toxin may be present.
spurts liquid has a foul odor
Complex carbohydrates are also known as
starch.
Eating disorders frequently co-occur with other psychological disorders, such as
substance abuse. depression. anxiety.
Purging disorder and night eating syndrome are categorized as _____ eating disorders.
subthreshold
An example of a brush border enzyme is
sucrase.
Which sugar is found naturally in sugarcane, sugar beets, honey, and maple sugar?
sucrose
The main function of glucose is to
supply energy
What is the function of an emulsifier?
suspends fats in water
Which form of folate has an UL set because it is readily absorbed?
synthetic folic acid
A major source of iodine in the North American diet is
table salt.
The major source of chloride in the diet is
table salt.
When counseling individuals about nutrition, recommendations should be
tailored to personal and cultural preferences.
The complexity of the different fatty acids found in a triglyceride contributes to a food's unique ______.
taste and smell
During the 1960s and 1970s undernutrition in developing countries was perceived as a ______ problem.
technical
Which of the following contribute to basal metabolism? the activity of the liver, brain, and kidney heart function respiration physical activity
the activity of the liver, brain, and kidney heart function respiration
The UL for folate refers only to folic acid because
the folate that occurs naturally in foods has limited absorption.
Nutrients are lost during refinement of grains because
the germ, bran, and husk are discarded.
Men are less likely to suffer from eating disorders because
the media portrays men as big and muscular.
Reduce the risk of foodborne illness from eggs by making sure
the yolk and white are solid.
Beriberi is a deficiency disease caused by a lack of
thiamin.
A person receiving nutrition therapy for anorexia nervosa should expect to gain at least ______ pounds per week.
two
Aspartame is an alternative sweetener made of
two amino acids (phenylalanine and aspartic acid) and methanol
Disaccharides are carbohydrates made of
two sugar units.
Choose examples of environmental contaminants that are found in our food supply.
urethane dioxin bisphenol A (BPA)
The primary route of chloride excretion is via _____.
urine
Water is lost from the body via several routes. Typically, the largest component of water output is
urine.
Besides being supplied in the diet, some micronutrients are synthesized in the body. For example, ________ can be synthesized by microorganisms in the intestinal tract.
vitamin K
Triglycerides are used as the primary energy source by muscles
when the body is at rest. during low-intensity physical activity.
To get the benefits of dietary fiber from fruits, you should consume
whole fruits.
The primary consequence of hypercarotenemia is
yellowing of the skin.
Cycles of loss and regain of weight are called
yo-yo dieting.
Which of the following may cause a person to become underweight?
Excessive dieting Chemotherapy for treatment of cancer A disease that damages the small intestine
What is the interaction between vitamin E and vitamin K?
Excessive levels of vitamin E will reduce the clotting ability of vitamin K.
The ______ carefully examines all products developed using biotechnology and will enforce labeling of potential allergens that may be present in altered food.
FDA
A person cannot drink too much water; the kidneys and sweat glands make water excretion quick and efficient, protecting the body from overhydration.
False
Foods in the Dairy group are rich sources of fiber.
False
Protein synthesis takes place in the nucleus.
False
Purging disorder is another name for bulimia nervosa.
False
The advantage of bariatric surgery is that the patient does not have to change his/her lifestyle following the surgery.
False
The recommended protein allowance for healthy adults (not athletes) is 1.2 g/kg of body weight.
False
There is not sufficient evidence to link the intake of sugar-sweetened beverages to the risk for obesity.
False
True or false: A diet that promotes quick weight loss and limits food selections is probably a reliable diet plan.
False
True or false: A person who does not consume adequate calcium intakes, will have less calcium in the blood.
False
True or false: A person with anorexia is likely to be disorganized and disheveled.
False
True or false: Amino acid supplements are necessary to meet the protein needs of athletes.
False
True or false: Amino acids are formed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen.
False
True or false: An eating disorder is a term used to describe a short-term and mild change in a person's eating habits.
False
True or false: Animal proteins are not considered to be a good source of all nine essential amino acids.
False
True or false: Depression is unique to anorexia; it does not play a major role in bulimia.
False
True or false: Dietary intake is the most important determinant of athletic performance.
False
True or false: Dietitians should recommend only organic foods for clients and patients attempting to lose weight.
False
True or false: Direct food aid is a long-term solution that should be utilized for developing countries.
False
True or false: During the measurement of bioelectric impedance, greater adipose stores are associated with lower resistance to electrical flow.
False
True or false: Eating disorders usually develop during adulthood.
False
True or false: For the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, insoluble fiber is more effective than soluble fiber.
False
True or false: High-fat foods cannot be included in a healthy, well-balanced dietary pattern.
False
True or false: If any portion of a pear is moldy, it is unsafe to eat. The entire pear must be thrown away.
False
True or false: It is a good idea to take a multivitamin and mineral supplement because it is not possible to obtain adequate nutrition from food sources.
False
True or false: Laxatives can be used to prevent weight gain after a binge.
False
True or false: Lentils (a type of legume) supply ample amounts of all nine essential amino acids.
False
True or false: Men are just as likely as women are to be diagnosed with anorexia nervosa.
False
What percentage of adults consume milk on a daily basis?
20%
According to the Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) of the National Academy of Sciences, ________ of calories should come from fat.
20% to 35%
What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for lipids according to the Food and Nutrition Board?
20% to 35% of total calories
What percentage of the 30 million adults with diabetes do not know that they have the disease?
28%
For every pound lost during a workout, ________ cup(s) of water should be consumed after exercising.
3
Water constitutes __________ percent of body weight.
50 to 70
The body can absorb only about 60% of the water consumed, so athletes should drink about ______ more water than what they lose through sweating.
50%
What percentage of people with bulimia experience major depression?
50%
Adult men need ______ milligrams of choline per day.
550
Gabriel weighs 70 kilograms. Calculate his recommended daily intake for protein.
56 grams
The threshold for diagnosis of diabetes is a hemoglobin A1c level greater than
6.5%
The human body can synthesize niacin from an amino acid: _____ mg of tryptophan can be converted into about 1 mg of niacin.
60
Symptoms of a zinc deficiency include all of the following except: Growth retardation Delayed sexual maturation Diarrhea All of the above are true
All of the above are true
True or false: Most cases of type 1 diabetes begin with an immune system disorder, which causes destruction of the insulin-producing cells in the liver.
False
True or false: Natural food sources of minerals put people at significant risk for mineral toxicities.
False
True or false: Phospholipids are essential parts of only a few types of cells, like adipose and liver cells.
False
True or false: Plant-based dairy alternatives are legally required to be fortified with calcium and vitamin D.
False
True or false: Protein is the primary source of fuel for muscles during resistance exercises.
False
True or false: The number of cases of people with binge eating disorder is equal to the number of cases of people with bulimia nervosa.
False
True or false: The presence of proteins in the blood causes edema.
False
True or false: The risk of death from chronic diseases is higher in vegetarians.
False
True or false: There is very little risk involved in taking amino acids as supplements.
False
True or false: Upper-body obesity is associated with decreased risk for hypertension and diabetes.
False
True or false: Using food as a reward or bribe is recommended by nutrition professionals as a good way to get a child to do what you need them to do.
False
True or false: Celiac disease is caused by a food allergy.
False Celiac disease is an autoimmune response where the immune system attacks and destroys its own cells.
Which of the following foods is the best source of insoluble (nonfermentable) fiber?
Celery
Identify the factors that decrease basal metabolism. Dieting Low calorie intake Exercising Loss of lean tissue
Dieting Low calorie intake Loss of lean tissue
Energy balance is thought of as energy input versus energy output. Identify the components that contribute to the "energy output" of this equation. Digestion Physical activity Dietary supplement intake Metabolism
Digestion Physical activity Metabolism
______ calorimetry predicts energy needs by measuring the amount of heat released by a person.
Direct
What technique could be used to determine the amount of calories a person expends each day?
Direct calorimetry Equations taking into account height, weight, physical activity, and age Indirect calorimetry
What are some things people caring for children and adolescents can do to prevent eating disorders from developing?
Discourage restrictive dieting Correct misconceptions about nutrition
Lipids differ in their degree of saturation or unsaturation due to their number of
Double bonds
Please select the correct guidelines for duration and frequency for flexibility exercises. Duration: 4 repetitions of 15-30 seconds per muscle group Frequency: 5 days per week Duration: 8-12 repetitions of 8-10 different exercises Frequency: 2-3 days per week
Duration: 4 repetitions of 15-30 seconds per muscle group Frequency: 2-3 days per week
Basal metabolic rate includes all except the following:
Energy to swim
A triglyceride is composed of three fatty acids attached to a _____ backbone.
glycerol
The three-carbon alcohol that forms the backbone of a triglyceride is
glycerol.
The advantage of the branched structure of ______ is that it allows multiple enzymes to attach to its structure and break it apart quickly.
glycogen
The liver and muscles are the major storage sites for
glycogen
Tennis players require immediate bursts of energy which come from
glycogen.
Following a vegan dietary pattern, having digestive irritability, and wanting to speed up weight loss are all reasons a person may ______.
go dairy-free
When making behavior changes, it is helpful to set ____ that are challenging yet attainable.
goals
The average intake of pantothenic acid of North Americans is ______ the AI.
greater than
Typical American intakes of vitamin B-6 are ______ the RDA for this nutrient.
greater than
Choose the reasons a person might choose to go dairy-free.
having lactose intolerance to decrease digestive problems following a vegan dietary pattern
Individuals with orthorexia are obsessed with
healthy eating.
A myocardial infarction is also known as a(n)
heart attack.
Pain in the jaw or neck may be a symptom of a(n)
heart attack.
Selenium deficiency symptoms include
heart damage. muscle pain and wasting.
A kilocalorie, by definition, is a measure of
heat energy.
What two measurements are needed to evaluate Body Mass Index?
height weight
Soluble (viscous) fibers
help to lower blood cholesterol.
As part of treatment for anorexia nervosa, calcium and vitamin D supplements
help to prevent further bone loss.
The functions of fluoride include
helping teeth resist acids. mineralizing tooth enamel. blocking growth of bacteria.
Most adults in the United States have sodium intakes that are
higher than the recommendation.
What is the fate of carbohydrates when they are consumed in high amounts and overall calorie needs are exceeded?
Fat is produced.
Which of the following describes fat utilization during physical activity? Fat that is stored closest to the exercising muscle is oxidized first Fat represents the major fuel source during sustained, moderate activity Fat oxidization makes more of a contribution as the intensity of the exercise increases Fat is burned in higher quantities during short, high-intensity exercises than prolonged, low-intensity exercises
Fat represents the major fuel source during sustained, moderate activity
Uneasiness, discomfort, weakness, or pain are all the physiological symptoms of
hunger.
The process of ________ changes the double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids into single bonds, giving the fat a more solid consistency.
hydrogenation
A high intake of chloride, usually in the form of sodium chloride, is linked to
hypertension.
Consuming too much sodium can increase a person's risk for
hypertension. obesity.
What are the three best ways to safely thaw foods?
Foods may be thawed in the refrigerator. Foods may be thawed by placing them under cold potable running water. Foods may be thawed in the microwave oven.
What are some vegetarian foods that supply the body with vitamin B-12?
Fortified soy milk Breakfast cereals
Which MyPlate food groups provide many high-fiber foods?
Fruits Vegetables Grains
Which of the food groups provide the highest levels of vitamin C in the body?
Fruits and vegetables
What part of the body closely monitors and regulates body fat?
Hypothalamus
Depression and stress likely contribute to the development of
IBS
The hydroxylation of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D to 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D occurs in the:
Kidneys
______ is known as "the disease the first child gets when the new child comes."
Kwashiorkor
Select the two common forms of protein-calorie malnutrition from the list below. Beriberi Pellagra Congenital hypothyroidism Kwashiorkor Marasmus
Kwashiorkor Marasmus
Which lipoprotein can be taken up by scavenger cells, leading to a buildup of cholesterol in the blood vessels?
LDL (Low Density Lipoproteins)
Neurological symptoms from a vitamin B-12 deficiency include ______.
impaired reflexes dysfunctional muscle control eventual paralysis
How does HIV/AIDS affect nutritional security?
impairs absorption of nutrients decreases the capacity to work increases nutrient requirements
Copper toxicity is most likely to occur from
improper use of dietary supplements.
Biotechnology has begun to _____ crop yields on shrinking amounts of farmable land.
improve
The long-term solution for getting food aid to developing countries is to
improve infrastructure.
The gender and development approach to improving nutrition security aims to
improve women's access to education, technology, and economic resources.
The benefits of physical activity include ______.
improving bone health better sleep decreased risk for chronic disease reducing stress
The benefits of physical activity on body composition and metabolic rate include
increased lean muscle mass. increased bone density. decreased fat mass. increased metabolic rate.
Since the early 1900s, the role of the US government in providing food assistance to the poor has steadily
increased.
Except during infancy, proteins are absorbed into the digestive tract as
individual amino acids.
Worldwide hunger is primarily an outcome of
inequitable distribution of food resources around the world.
Prompt treatment of diarrhea to prevent dehydration is especially important for _____.
infants older adults
Lack of access to a safe water supply contributes to sickness and death from diarrheal diseases. Which population group is most vulnerable to these consequences of consuming contaminated water?
infants and children
When bacteria, such as Salmonella, produce their disease-causing effects by directly assaulting the intestinal tract, this is called a foodborne
infection.
Chronic hunger is associated with increased susceptibility to ______ disease.
infectious
What are significant public health problems in developing nations?
inferior infrastructure poor sanitation
The cellulose in the skin of the apple is primarily ______ fiber.
insoluble
In people with type 1 diabetes, the cells of the pancreas stop producing
insulin.
Carbohydrate loading is recommended for
intense aerobic events lasting more than 90 minutes
When creating a strength training program, include ______ as part of the program.
intensity frequency sets and repetitions
Lactose __ is a condition in which significant symptoms, such as abdominal gas and bloating, appear after ingestion of foods containing lactose.
intolerance
The fluid contained within a cell is called ______.
intracellular fluid
A goiter may form as a consequence of an inadequate intake of
iodine.
Which of the following food items provides the most iodine?
iodized salt, 1/2 tsp
A magnesium deficiency can cause
irregular heartbeat
Acesulfame-K is a useful alternative sweetener because
it is heat-stable and can be used in baking. it does not cause dental caries.
Flexibility refers to the ability to move a ___ through its full range of motion.
joint
Achieving optimal vitamin D status is ______ consuming adequate calcium when it comes to bone health.
just as important as
A three-carbon acid formed during anaerobic cell metabolism is
lactic acid.
Calcium absorption is increased by the presence of
lactose.
During a trip to the grocery store, select frozen and perishable foods
last.
If Craig desires to increase his basal metabolic rate (BMR), he can modify his
lean body mass.
Underwater weighing assesses body composition based on the principle that
lean body tissue is more dense than adipose tissue.
Individuals with a healthy BMI should ______, rather than follow a specific diet.
learn to accept one's unique body characteristics focus on maintaining current weight engage in regular physical activity
Which of the following are good sources of iron?
legumes peas
A 150-pound person with 30% body fat will weigh ______ hydrostatically (i.e., in the water) compared to a 150-pound person with 20% body fat.
less
Iron overload is ______ than iron deficiency.
less common
Eventually food production will be ______ population growth.
less than
The reasons why unreliable diets are problematic include
loss of lean tissue. unchanged habits. limited food selection.
The bomb calorimeter works by ______.
measuring the heat given off by a food as it is burned
The best vitamin B-6 food sources include
meat, fish, and poultry.
Which of the following are good sources of vitamin C?
papayas citrus fruits cauliflower
The body links amino acids with peptide bonds in order to form
proteins.
People with binge-eating disorder typically do not experience much success with traditional weight-loss programs because
psychological issues that trigger binge-eating are not addressed.
Treatment for anorexia is generally done using a team approach, which includes ______, all with experience in eating disorders.
psychologists registered dietitian nutritionists doctors
Choose the disorders that do not meet the criteria for the diagnosis of anorexia, bulimia, or binge eating disorder and instead fall into a category of Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorders.
purging disorder night eating syndrome subthreshold eating disorders
A young man who makes himself vomit to purge calories even when he has not engaged in binge eating may be diagnosed with
purging disorder.
Athletes can safely add muscle tissue by
putting a demand on muscles repeatedly by making them work harder.
Most Americans need to improve their fat
quality
The amino acid patterns in plant proteins are ______ from human proteins.
quite different
Iron deficiency impairs athletic performance because of its key role in
red blood cell production.
The consequences of a preterm birth include
reduced lung function. weakened immune system
Symptoms of an adult zinc deficiency include
reduced sense of taste and smell. acnelike rash. diarrhea.
The benefits of an active lifestyle include ______.
reduced stress improved bone health decreased risk of chronic disease improved sleep
_____ is failing health that results from long-standing dietary practices that do not coincide with nutritional needs.
Malnutrition
Which of the following characteristics are true about bacteria.
Many different bacteria cause foodborne illness. They are single-cell organisms. They are found in the food, water, and air we breathe.
What are some of the positive attributes of fat in the diet?
Many flavors are fat-soluble, so fat enhances the flavor of foods. Fat imparts a creamy texture to foods.
Significant undernourishment that leads to wasting away in children and infants is termed ______.
Marasmus
Which of the following would NOT be a valid way to measure or estimate the amount of energy used by the body each day?
Measurement of food intake from the various food groups
What are some foods that are most susceptible to rapid growth of microorganisms?
Meat Eggs Dairy products
The theory that says weight is maintained through internal regulatory controls making it difficult to lose weight is called the ______.
set-point theory
Vitamin E can donate electrons or hydrogen to free radicals found in cell membranes, making cell membranes more ______.
stable
A digestible polysaccharide that contains 1000 or more glucose units is called a ______.
starch complex carbohydrate
Caffeine is a(n)
stimulant.
Laxatives can lessen constipation by
stimulating the nerves of the GI tract. drawing water into the large intestine. increasing fecal bulk.
The chemical name for the four forms of Vitamin E is
tocopherols.
Fluoride content of foods is limited, so in areas where fluoridation of the water supply is not feasible, this mineral can be supplied by
toothpaste. fluoride tablets. topical fluoride treatments.
Due to the risk of ______, it is best to get protein from food sources rather than supplements.
toxicities from a single amino acid imbalances in amino acids
Iron, zinc, copper, iodide, selenium, molybdenum, fluoride, manganese, and chromium are all identified as _____ minerals.
trace
The best way to determine if an athlete is consuming adequate calories is to
track changes in weight over time.
In the small intestine, lipase breaks down ______ to produce a mixture of fatty acids, glycerol, and monoglycerides.
triglycerides
Lipids in foods and in the body are mostly in the form of
triglycerides.
The body stores excess protein as
triglycerides.
Risk factors for ______ diabetes include physical inactivity, poor diet, and obesity.
type 2
Adequate dietary intake of magnesium is associated with decreased risk of
type 2 diabetes. cardiovascular disease.
Inadequate shelter and sanitation almost always contribute to death from ______.
undernutrition
Which individual has a lower body fat if both individuals weigh 150 lbs. on dry land? underwater weight = 2 pounds underwater weight = 5 pounds
underwater weight = 5 pounds
The dieting mania stems from ______.
unrealistic weight expectations lack of an appreciation for the natural variety in body shape and size
Fatty acids containing carbon-carbon double bonds are considered ______ fatty acids.
unsaturated
What are the best ways to prevent gastrointestinal problems?
Meet the recommendations for fiber and fluid intake. Do not overuse NSAID medications. Avoid tobacco. Maintain a healthy weight.
When gallstones block the duct that carries bile from the gallbladder to the small intestine, a person usually experiences pain in the
upper right abdomen.
The thermic effect of food is the calories ______.
used to digest the food you eat
An aerobic workout
uses large muscle groups in a rhythmic fashion.
A person who eats only plant foods is called a _____.
vegan
A(n) ______ is a "total vegetarian" who eats only plant foods and does not use animal products for any other purposes.
vegan
A vegetarian who eats only foods of plant origin is a
vegan.
Which of the following is a poor source of vitamin B-12?
vegetables
Growth retardation in infants and children is associated with consuming a ______ diet.
vegetarian
Select the functions of copper in the human body. Metabolism of iron Part of enzymes Cell membrane diffusion Immune function
Metabolism of iron Part of enzymes Immune function
Which of the following is a food that provides all of the essential amino acids?
Milk
What type of fatty acid is found in high amounts in olive oil?
Monounsaturated
Higher intake of which of the following minerals is associated with lowered blood pressure?
Potassium
Which of the following electrolytes is especially important for proper heart rhythm? Sodium Potassium Chloride Phosphate
Potassium
Which is an appropriate rule to follow when reheating leftovers?
Reheat to at least 165 degrees Fahrenheit.
Which of the following is a good way to preserve the vitamin content of vegetables?
Storing vegetables in a cool place, such as the crisper drawer of the refrigerator
______ slows muscle loss, increases the strength of muscles and connective tissues, and increases bone density.
Strength training
Which of the following describes type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Strongly associated with obesity
Choose the region of the world that has the highest prevalence of adult HIV.
Sub-Saharan Africa
How do viral or bacterial infections cause diarrhea?
Substances are produced that cause the intestinal cells to secrete fluid rather than absorb fluid.
The eating disorder that is characterized by a psychological loss or denial of appetite, followed by self-starvation, related in part to a distorted body image and to various social pressures is _____ nervosa.
anorexia
True or false: Lipids are composed primarily of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
True
True or false: Local products are not necessarily pesticide free and may not be cheaper than food from commercial producers.
True
True or false: Nutrition influences gene expression.
True
True or false: People caring for young adults can help prevent the development of eating disorders by teaching the basics of proper nutrition and encouraging regular physical activity, among other things.
True
True or false: People should avoid taking individual mineral supplements unless a dietary deficiency or medical condition specifically warrants it because an excess of one mineral may decrease the absorption and metabolism of other minerals.
True
True or false: People with eating disorders are at risk for heart conditions and kidney failure.
True
True or false: Poverty in the United States is associated with obesity.
True
True or false: Preterm infants tend to have low stores of vitamin E because this nutrient is transferred from the mother to the fetus near the end of gestation.
True
True or false: Selenium functions as part of an antioxidant enzyme system.
True
True or false: The Upper Level (UL) for phosphorus intake is 4000 milligrams per day.
True
True or false: The first farmer to improve stock by selectively breeding the best bull with the best cows was implementing biotechnology.
True
True or false: The higher body fat in women compared to men is necessary for reproductive functions.
True
True or false: The liver and muscles are the major storage sites for glycogen.
True
True or false: The majority of foodborne illness cases are undiagnosed.
True
True or false: There are a variety of naturally occurring substances that can cause foodborne illness.
True
Hair loss, amenorrhea, low cold tolerance, and stress fractures are all physical effects of ______.
anorexia nervosa
True or false: There are no medications approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration specifically for the treatment of anorexia nervosa.
True
True or false: To avoid constipation, adequate fiber and water should be consumed.
True
True or false: Type 2 diabetes is strongly associated with obesity, especially intra-abdominal obesity.
True
True or false: Vitamin B-12 is found primarily in animal foods.
True
True or false: Water shortages contribute to the problem of undernutrition in developing nations.
True
True or false: When consuming energy bars or gels, it is important to consume adequate fluid as well.
True
Undernutrition is particularly damaging during periods of growth, such as infancy, childhood, and pregnancy.
True
Hypertension, elevated cholesterol levels, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease are all physical effects of ______.
binge eating disorder
About 50% to 90% of the water-soluble vitamins in the diet are absorbed, which means they have a relatively high ______.
bioavailability
The degree to which an ingested nutrient such as minerals is absorbed and available to the body is called its
bioavailability.
The method used to estimate total body fat that uses a low-energy electrical current is known as
bioelectrical impedance.
Choose the minerals that are stored in bones and teeth. calcium magnesium phosphorus iodine fluoride
calcium magnesium phosphorus fluoride
True or false: Both fiber and starch are types of polysaccharides.
True Fiber and starch are complex carbohydrates composed of many glucose molecules bound together.
When habitual intake of vitamin D exceeds the UL, health risks include
calcium deposits in organs. gastrointestinal disorders.
Adequate intakes of ________ support optimal bone health.
calcium, vitamin D, and protein
Active vitamin D increases intestinal absorption of
calcium. phosphorus.
Which of the following factors may lead to homelessness?
Unexpected health care costs Mental illness Job loss
Which of the following are common causes of situational poverty?
Unexpected medical expenses Divorce Death of a wage earner
Which of the following is a true statement about the relationship between AIDS and nutrition?
Use of a balanced multivitamin and mineral supplement slows deterioration of health.
Which of the following behaviors is not typical among people with binge eating disorder? Eating until uncomfortably full Feelings of guilt or self-disgust Eating alone Use of laxatives to purge excess calories
Use of laxatives to purge excess calories
Various agencies have come together to help reverse the obesity epidemic. Recommendations from these groups include marketing programs that promote ______.
active living healthy eating
Telltale signs of an unreliable diet include all of the following EXCEPT
adapts to individual habits and tastes.
Humans are least susceptible to health effects associated with undernutrition during
adulthood.
The city's local supply of food for the school system was intentionally poisoned with a chemical agent that caused respiratory paralysis. This is called _____.
agroterrorism
The deliberate introduction of harmful agents into the agricultural and food process system with the intent of causing actual or perceived damage is called
agroterrorism.
Conclusive research documents that performance is harmed with significant _____ intake before, during, and after exercise.
alcohol
Food insecurity is the inability to meet food needs all of the time. more common in developing countries than in developed countries. associated with impaired physical and mental health in children in the U.S. all of the above
all of the above
In order to adequately absorb vitamin B-12, we need intrinsic factor. an acidic environment in the stomach. a healthy ileum. all of these.
all of these.
It is difficult to pinpoint the exact cause of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) but some possible causes include
alteration of hormones that regulate the movement of food through the GI tract. inflammatory responses. depression and stress.
Proteins are made up of one or more long chains of __.
amino acids
Sickle cell disease occurs when _____ are out of order on a protein.
amino acids
The fluid that surrounds and protects the fetus during development is called ______ fluid.
amniotic
What is a digestible highly branched type of starch composed of glucose units called?
amylopectin
Which polysaccharide is a digestible, branched-chain type of starch composed of glucose units?
amylopectin
Differentiate between the following types of digestible starch. amylopectin -> amylose -> straight chain of glucose units highly branched chain of glucose units
amylopectin -> highly branched chain of glucose units amylose -> straight chain of glucose units
Because of its branched polysaccharide structure, ______ is digested more rapidly than ______.
amylopectin; amylose
What is a digestible straight-chain type of starch composed of glucose units called?
amylose
Name the long, straight-chain type of starch that makes up about 20% of digestible starch.
amylose Amylase is a starch-digesting enzyme; amylose is the type of starch described in this question.
A deficiency of pantothenic acid may occur in
an alcoholic. a nutrient-deficient diet.
Vitamin E functions as
an antioxidant.
Individuals who are eligible for the Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program (SNAP) are able to purchase food and garden seeds using ______.
an electronic benefit transfer (EBT) card
SNAP recipients are given ______ to purchase food and garden seeds.
an electronic benefit transfer (EBT) card
Which of the following scenarios put a person at risk for potassium deficiency? an older adult who increases her fruit and vegetable intake to relieve constipation an endurance athlete who sweats profusely during a training run in hot weather a person with bulimia nervosa who habitually purges excess calories by vomiting a deficient food intake, as may be the case with alcoholism
an endurance athlete who sweats profusely during a training run in hot weather a person with bulimia nervosa who habitually purges excess calories by vomiting a deficient food intake, as may be the case with alcoholism
Most often, a protein deficiency is caused by ______.
an insufficient food intake
Most ______ sources of protein provide ample quantities of all nine essential amino acids.
animal
Vitamin B-12 is found naturally in foods of ______ origin.
animal
Vitamin B-12 is found naturally only in foods of ______ origin.
animal
A fishy body odor and low blood pressure are outcomes of routinely exceeding the UL for ______.
choline
A precursor for several phospholipids is _____.
choline
Which nutrient has been deemed essential and vitamin-like?
choline
A nutrient that has been deemed essential but has not been classified as a vitamin is
choline.
Dangers from exposure to pesticides on fruits and vegetables are partly dependent on how frequently a particular type of pesticide is consumed. Thus, you should ______.
choose a variety of different fruits and vegetables throughout the week
Ted would like to lower his blood pressure by making a few dietary changes. If Ted aims to increase his potassium intake, he should
choose more fruits and vegetables.
Elevated levels of blood glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol are clinical features of ______ deficiency.
chromium
Glucose intolerance may be a sign of ______ deficiency.
chromium
Many food composition databases lack information regarding ______ content of foods.
chromium
A deficiency of _________ results in impaired glucose tolerance and elevated blood cholesterol.
chromium.
Treatment for overweight and obesity is similar to treatment for ______.
chronic disease
The four words that summarize consumer food safety practices in USDA's Check Your Steps: 4 Steps to Food Safety campaign are _____, _____, _____, and _____.
clean separate cook chill
The Dietary Guidelines urge Americans to
consume 3 or more ounces per day of whole grains. limit intake of added sugars.
Guidelines for replenishing fuel during endurance events include
consume 30 to 60 grams of carbohydrate per hour.
To aid the laxative action of dietary fiber in the large intestine,
consume additional fluid.
Lead and mercury are examples of ______ that can be found in our foods.
contaminants
Episodes of binge eating usually include ______.
continuing to eat beyond feelings of fullness eating alone to avoid embarrassment eating at a rapid rate
The most reliable way to destroy foodborne viruses and bacteria is through _____.
cooking
Because of its roles in iron transport and development of red blood cells, a deficiency of the mineral ______ can lead to anemia.
copper
Ceruloplasmin is a ______-containing protein in the blood that functions in the transport of iron.
copper
Choose the mineral that assists in the transport of iron out of intestinal cells, through the blood, and to the bone marrow, where iron is incorporated into hemoglobin.
copper
The mineral _____ is a component of ceruloplasmin, a blood protein that functions in iron metabolism.
copper
Supplements of ______ compete with zinc for absorption.
copper iron
While you are preparing dinner, use separate cutting boards for raw meats and fresh vegetables to avoid ______.
cross-contamination
It is estimated that 20% to 30% of the 300,000 Americans 65 or older who fracture a hip each year will _____ within 12 months.
die
The AHA have set no specific limits on dietary cholesterol because ______.
dietary cholesterol has little impact on blood cholesterol levels
The individual forms of fiber are not each listed on a food label. Instead, they are grouped together as
dietary fiber.
Individuals most likely to experience poor vitamin B12 status are
elderly adults, due to atrophic gastritis.
The Healthy People objectives were designed to eliminate health disparities, improve access to health education and quality health care, and strengthen public health services. disclose dietary practices that best support health. prevent chronic disease. eliminate dietary inadequacies and excesses, and to encourage healthful practices.
eliminate health disparities, improve access to health education and quality health care, and strengthen public health services.
During a binge, a binge-eater would most likely consume foods that are described as
empty calories.
Most Americans would benefit from eating more _____ because of its rich source of omega-3 fatty acids.
fish
Side effects of excessive intake of choline include
fishy body odor. low blood pressure.
Improved balance and stability that result in fewer falls are benefits of ______.
flexibility activities
The ability to move a joint through its full range of motion is
flexibility.
Which factors associated with climate change are requiring significant alterations in farming practices?
flooding drought severe storms
The main function of ______ is to supply energy for the body.
glucose
The most useful form of carbohydrate fuel is the simple sugar _____, available to all cells from the bloodstream.
glucose
What is the major monosaccharide in the body?
glucose
With physical training, the ability of muscle cells to break down ______ to yield ATP increases.
glucose fatty acids amino acids
To protect bone health, supplementation with ______ is a part of routine nutrition therapy for people recovering from anorexia nervosa.
vitamin D calcium
The nutrient that can be considered both a vitamin and a hormone is
vitamin D.
The fat-soluble antioxidant vitamin responsible for protecting cell membranes by helping to stop damage by free radicals is
vitamin E.
Upper-body obesity is characterized by _____.
waist circumference 35 inches and above in females waist circumference 40 inches and above in males fat stored primarily in the abdominal area
Walking, slow jogging, or any low-intensity movement that mimics the activity you are about to perform are all good ______.
warm-up exercises
Hyponatremia occurs when too much ______ is consumed.
water
One of the major goals of using preservation methods such as smoking, salting, and drying is decreasing the ________ content of a food. This decreases the potential for microbial growth.
water
Serving as a coolant, lubricant, and solvent are all functions of ______.
water
The main principle behind many food preservative methods is to decrease ______ content.
water
Which fluid compartment contains the most fluid?
water found inside the cell membrane or intracellular fluid
The phosphate heads located in the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane are ______.
water-soluble lined up so they face the watery environments on the inside and outside of the cell
What sensations are often used to describe hunger?
weakness discomfort uneasiness pain
Show the progression from ordered to disordered eating. Place the following in the correct order (with the earliest stage at the top of the list). Disordered eating begins as weight loss is attempted Attention to hunger and satiety leads to limiting calorie intake A clinically evident eating disorder is recognized
1. Attention to hunger and satiety leads to limiting calorie intake 2. Disordered eating begins as weight loss is attempted 3. A clinically evident eating disorder is recognized
Rank the categories of energy use from highest to lowest. Physical Activity Thermogenesis Balal Metabolic Rate
1. Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) 2. Physical Activity 3. Thermogenesis
Arrange the following foods from lowest percentage of kcal from fat (at the top of the list) to highest percentage of kcal from fat (at the bottom of the list). Bread Canola oil Whole milk Cheddar cheese
1. Bread 2. Whole milk 3. Cheddar cheese 4. Canola oil
Place the steps of vitamin B-12 absorption in the correct order. cleavage of food-bound vitamin B-12 absorption of vitamin B-12 secretion of intrinsic factor by stomach cells formation of intrinsic factor/B-12 complex
1. cleavage of food-bound vitamin B-12 2. secretion of intrinsic factor by stomach cells 3. formation of intrinsic factor/B-12 complex 4. absorption of vitamin B-12
Rank each group on food insecurity beginning with the group with the highest rate of food insecurity (top of the list) and ending with the group that has the lowest rate of food insecurity (bottom of the list). two-parent households with children single-parent households with children households without children
1. single-parent households with children 2. two-parent households with children 3. households without children
What percentage of the North American population 20 years or older is affected by diabetes?
9%
What are the symptoms most commonly associated with bacterial foodborne illnesses?
Abdominal cramps Vomiting Diarrhea
Which of the following are functions of phospholipids in the body? Metabolized for energy Absorption and transport of nutrients Formation of cell membranes Digestion of fats
Absorption and transport of nutrients Formation of cell membranes Digestion of fats
Which statements are true about why aerobic energy supply may be sustained for hours? Aerobic energy supplies more PCr. Aerobic energy supplies more ATP. Aerobic metabolism releases more energy at a faster rate. Aerobic metabolism releases more energy at a slower rate.
Aerobic energy supplies more ATP. Aerobic metabolism releases more energy at a slower rate.
Listeriosis is of particular concern for pregnant women because pregnant women are more likely than other population groups to get listeriosis. Listeria bacteria can cross the placenta and infect the fetus. listeriosis can cause fetal death. All of the choices are correct.
All of the choices are correct.
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans ______________________________. provide a scientific basis for USDA's school lunch program provide a scientific basis for the Food Stamp Program are designed to reduce the risk of chronic diseases All of these choices are correct
All of these choices are correct
Which of the following food trends increases the risk of foodborne illness? More foods prepared in kitchens outside the home Consumption of more imported ready-to-eat foods Greater consumer interest in eating raw or undercooked animal products All of these trends increase the risk of foodborne illness.
All of these trends increase the risk of foodborne illness.
_______ is the over-the-counter version of orlistat,a weight-loss medication that blocks the digestion of fat in the small intestine.
Alli
What is the structure and function of glycerol molecules?
An alcohol containing three carbons; it is the backbone of a triglyceride molecule
________ obesity is a pattern of body fat distribution that is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension.
Android
What are some health problems associated with a vitamin B-12 deficiency?
Anemia Nerve damage Mental dysfunction
Extreme weight loss, an irrational fear of weight gain, and distorted body image are all traits of which eating disorder?
Anorexia nervosa
Is it safe to eat a food with mold on it?
As long as you completely remove the moldy portions of the food it is safe to eat.
The majority of undernourished people live in
Asia.
Which of the following statements is true regarding fiber in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome?
At least half of patients see improvement with a low-FODMAP diet.
What are the key factors necessary for glycogen synthesis after prolonged exercise?
Availability of adequate carbohydrate Selection of foods with high glycemic index Ingestion of carbohydrate immediately after exercise
Refining grains leads to a loss of
B vitamins. germ, bran, and husk layers of the grain.
Because of serious health implications from severe obesity, drastic measures may be necessary when a person has a _____ greater than or equal to 40.
BMI
Having a high basal metabolic rate is a possible cause for
BMI less than 18.5.
Which of the following are good food sources of potassium? Baked potato with skin, 1 medium Crackers, 6 each Acorn squash, 1 cup Plain yogurt, 1 cup
Baked potato with skin, 1 medium Acorn squash, 1 cup Plain yogurt, 1 cup
______ is a stimulant found as a natural or added ingredient in many foods and beverages.
Caffeine
The active vitamin D hormone improves absorption of which mineral?
Calcium
Which of the following are major minerals? Calcium Potassium Sodium Iron
Calcium Potassium Sodium
Please match each microorganism that causes foodborne illness with its typical food source. Campylobacter jejuni Escherichia coli Salmonella Staphylococcus aureus Raw and undercooked meat; unpasteurized milk; contaminated water Undercooked ground meats; contaminated produce, especially lettuce, spinach, sprouts Raw and undercooked meat, fish, poultry, eggs; raw sprouts; peanut butter Contaminated ready-to-eat foods; ham, poultry, egg salads, custards, cream-filled pastries.
Campylobacter jejuni -> Raw and undercooked meat; unpasteurized milk; contaminated water Escherichia coli -> Undercooked ground meats; contaminated produce, especially lettuce, spinach, sprouts Salmonella -> Raw and undercooked meat, fish, poultry, eggs; raw sprouts; peanut butter Staphylococcus aureus -> Contaminated ready-to-eat foods; ham, poultry, egg salads, custards, cream-filled pastries.
______ is abnormal and uncontrollable division of cells that results from mutations in DNA.
Cancer
______ helps to maximize the amount of energy stored as glycogen prior to an athletic event.
Carbohydrate loading
What is the purpose of carbohydrate loading?
Carbohydrate loading maximizes glycogen stores prior to competition.
Which macronutrients provide 4 kilocalories per gram?
Carbohydrates Protein
Which of the following describes type 1 diabetes mellitus?
Caused by lack of insulin production
Which type of fiber is an undigestible, insoluble, straight-chain polysaccharide made of glucose molecules?
Cellulose
If you buy food in a can that is bulging or spurts liquid, the food is likely to contain toxins produced by a type of bacteria called
Clostridium botulinum.
Please pair the type of bacteria with its associated food sources. Clostridium perfringens Listeria monocytogenes Clostridium botulinum Vibrio species Yersinia enterocolitica
Clostridium perfringens -> beef, poultry, gravy Listeria monocytogenes -> unpasteurized milk and soft cheeses, raw meats, uncooked vegetables, ready-to-eat deli meats and hot dogs Clostridium botulinum -> potatoes baked in foil held at room temperature, honey, incorrectly canned foods Vibrio species -> raw and undercooked shellfish Yersinia enterocolitica -> raw or undercooked pork; tofu, water, unpasteurized milk
Please pair the type of bacteria with its associated food sources. Clostridium perfringens Listeria monocytogenes Clostridium botulinum Vibrio species Yersinia enterocolitica beef, poultry, gravy unpasteurized milk and soft cheeses, raw meats, uncooked vegetables, ready-to-eat deli meats and hot dogs potatoes baked in foil held at room temperature, honey, incorrectly canned foods raw and undercooked shellfish raw or undercooked pork; tofu, water, unpasteurized milk
Clostridium perfringens -> beef, poultry, gravy Listeria monocytogenes -> unpasteurized milk and soft cheeses, raw meats, uncooked vegetables, ready-to-eat deli meats and hot dogs Clostridium botulinum -> potatoes baked in foil held at room temperature, honey, incorrectly canned foods Vibrio species -> raw and undercooked shellfish Yersinia enterocolitica -> raw or undercooked pork; tofu, water, unpasteurized milk
______ programs involve partnerships between food producers and local consumers in which the farms provide shares of their harvest with community members who support the farm by working on or financing the farm.
Community Supported Agriculture
Why is there not enough farmland available worldwide?
Competing land-use demands are growing. Most land is already in use. Poor farming practices are followed.
What type of nutrient is starch?
Complex carbohydrate
In relation to an athletic event, when is the optimal time to consume fiber-rich foods?
Consume fiber-rich foods 1 day prior to the event to help empty the colon, but do not eat high-fiber foods the night before or morning of the event.
What are some actions the athlete may take before, during, and after exercise/competition to maintain and replenish fluid intake?
Consume fluids during exercise to prevent weight loss of more than 2% body weight. Hydrate with sports drinks if exercise lasts more than 1 hour. Drink 2 cups of fluid about 4 hours prior to exercise.
Which of the following are strategies that could help a person control hunger between meals and snacks?
Consume foods high in fiber and water. Include lean protein in meals and snacks. Eat meals and snacks more slowly.
Which statement best describes nutrient density? Choose a number of different foods within any given food group rather than the same old thing. Consume a variety of foods from MyPlate's five major food groups every day. Plan your entire day's dietary intake so that you do not overconsume nutrient sources. Consume foods that have the most nutrients when compared to their calories.
Consume foods that have the most nutrients when compared to their calories.
How can you control the amount of sodium you get from your diet?
Consume more unprocessed and home-cooked meals.
How is it best to consume the recommended protein intake of 1.2 to 2.0 grams per day for athletes?
Consume the recommended protein intake after physical activity. Space modest amounts of high-quality protein throughout the day.
Which statement is true about the prevention of food borne illness and meat and poultry preparation?
Cooked meats and poultry should be served and kept on a clean plate, not the plate used when the meat and poultry were raw.
Which of the following can assist the digestion of carbohydrates even before food enters the mouth?
Cooking food
Which of the following is not a good food source of copper? Cottage cheese Beef liver Soymilk Spinach
Cottage cheese
Which of the following are rules recommended when using a cutting board to prepare food? Cutting boards made of plastic, marble, or glass are recommended. Cutting boards should be made of soft, porous wood that does not cause knives to become dull. Replace cutting boards when they have hard-to-clean groves and cuts.
Cutting boards made of plastic, marble, or glass are recommended. Replace cutting boards when they have hard-to-clean groves and cuts.
Which of the following are the functions of zinc in the human body? increasing free radical production DNA synthesis and function cell membrane structure and function protein metabolism and wound healing
DNA synthesis and function cell membrane structure and function protein metabolism and wound healing
What are the side effects of too much iodine (amounts at or above the Upper Level)?
Decrease in thyroid hormone synthesis
Which of the following is a physiological change often associated with anorexia nervosa?
Decreased heart rate
Which of the following are true statements about the relationship between nutrition and immune function?
Diarrheal disease impairs nutritional status. Zinc and iron are vital for resistance to infectious disease. Poor vitamin A status increases susceptibility to infection.
When blood glucose concentration falls, what pancreatic hormone is secreted to stimulate release of stored glucose?
Glucagon
When a marathon runner experiences the phenomenon known as "hitting the wall," what nutrient is most likely depleted?
Glucose
Which of the following forms of carbohydrates do muscle cells prefer to use for fuel?
Glucose
Which of the following is a function of chromium?
Glucose uptake
During the first 20 minutes of exercise, you primarily use:
Glycogen
Of the following foods, which one is lowest in sodium? Pepperoni pizza Macaroni salad 2% Milk Grape juice
Grape juice
Which of the following is the correct minimum internal temperature when cooking or reheating a certain food? Ground meats: 160 degrees Fahrenheit Leftovers, reheated before eating: 150 degrees Fahrenheit Egg dishes: 110 degrees Fahrenheit
Ground meats: 160 degrees Fahrenheit
Which of the following organs is not part of the gastrointestinal organ system? Pancreas Large intestine Heart Gallbladder
Heart
Which statement about vitamins is true?
Help regulate chemical reactions in the body
Which of the following is a reason that biotechnology may not significantly reduce undernutrition in the developing world?
High price of foods
Which lipoprotein is responsible for picking up cholesterol from dying cells and other sources so it can be transported back to the liver for excretion?
High-density lipoprotein
What are some religions that encourage a vegetarian lifestyle?
Hinduism Seventh-day Adventist
What are the two most dangerous substances encountered in routine daily living in urban areas of developing countries?
Human urine Human feces
What is the primary physiological (internal) drive to find and eat food?
Hunger
What is the technical term for high blood sugar?
Hyperglycemia
In general, weight loss decreases risk for which of the following conditions?
Hypertension Diabetes Cancer
Which of the following are physiological changes that occur in response to regular exercise? Increased glycogen storage ability Increased number of mitochondria decreased muscle triglyceride content. Decreased insulin sensitivity
Increased glycogen storage ability Increased number of mitochondria
Select the most reliable treatments for the condition of overweight or obesity.
Increased physical activity Decreased calorie intake Behavior modification
What are the benefits of the warm-up prior to the start of an exercise routine?
Increased range of motion Decreased risk of muscle injury
Which of the following are metabolic effects of a high-carbohydrate diet for athletes?
Increased secretion of insulin Storage of glycogen in muscles and liver
What are some advantages of using "locally grown" products?
Increased transparency with the food supply. Supports small, local farmers. Helps the environment.
______ calorimetry predicts energy needs by measuring the amount of oxygen consumed and the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled.
Indirect
Vitamin C improves absorption of which mineral?
Iron
_____ deficiency is the most common nutrient deficiency worldwide.
Iron
Which of the following statements about food irradiation is true?
Irradiation can be used to destroy pathogens in foods.
Which is true regarding healthy body weight?
It can lead to a long and healthy life.
Which of the following is true about the HIV virus?
It has limited ability to survive outside the body.
What are the main problems with consuming an excess amount of sugar?
It increases the risk for dental decay. It provides mostly empty calories. It leads to weight gain.
Choose the true statement about binge-eating disorder.
It is a psychological problem with nutritional consequences.
Which of the following statements are true concerning lactic acid? When it accumulates, it increases the pH of muscle tissue. It is a three-carbon compound formed during anaerobic cell metabolism. It can be used by the liver to synthesize glucose. It supplies a high-energy phosphate group to ADP to reform ATP.
It is a three-carbon compound formed during anaerobic cell metabolism. It can be used by the liver to synthesize glucose.
Which of the following statements are true about dual energy x-ray absorptiometry?
It is considered the most accurate determination of body fat. It measures body fat by passing a small dose of radiation through the body. It can be used to assess bone mineral density.
Which of the following is not true in regards to the DASH diet? It is low in sodium It is high in fruits and veggies It is high in potassium It is low in calcium
It is low in calcium
Which of the following are true statements about diverticular disease? It occurs when the inner layer of the large intestine protrude outward forming small pouches called diverticula. The presence of diverticula is called diverticulosis. Diverticulosis is primarily caused by a low-fiber diet. It is a common GI problem that affects about half of adults over age 60 years.
It occurs when the inner layer of the large intestine protrude outward forming small pouches called diverticula. The presence of diverticula is called diverticulosis. It is a common GI problem that affects about half of adults over age 60 years.
Choose examples of healthy social support that can make weight management easier.
Joining a group with similar weight loss goals Friends praising you for you accomplishment A RDN reminding you to record your food intake
Excessive intake of Vitamin E can interfere with which vitamin?
K
What is the latest recommendation from the Dietary Guidelines for intake of dietary cholesterol?
Keep dietary cholesterol as low as possible while still meeting your needs for essential nutrients.
What are some strategies one may use in order to handle meat and poultry safely and prevent foodborne illness?
Keep meats and poultry refrigerated or frozen. Wash all utensils and surfaces after touching raw meat and poultry. Keep raw meats and poultry separate from other foods.
Identify three food sources of thiamin.
Pork Whole grains Enriched grains
Choose reasons why aerobic metabolism is able to produce ATP for hours.
Lactate is not a byproduct.
Choose factors that influence iron absorption. Tannins in tea improve iron absorption. Large doses of zinc or calcium decrease iron absorption. Acidity improves iron absorption. Meat, fish, and poultry improve nonheme iron absorption.
Large doses of zinc or calcium decrease iron absorption. Acidity improves iron absorption. Meat, fish, and poultry improve nonheme iron absorption.
Who is most likely to benefit from biotechnology in farming?
Large farmer
Why do individuals with higher amounts of muscle mass, have a higher BMR?
Lean tissue is more metabolically active than adipose tissue.
_____ are a plant family with pods that contain a single row of seeds.
Legumes
Which of the following foods can be counted in two different food groups on MyPlate depending on the meal pattern and usual food choices of the consumer? Cheese Legumes Sweet potatoes Eggs
Legumes (Protein and vegetables)
Which enzyme plays an important role in fat digestion?
Lipase
Which nutrient is an important source of fuel for the body, a regulator of chemical processes in the body, and a structural component of all cells?
Lipids
What enzyme breaks down triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol in the bloodstream?
Lipoprotein lipase
______ transport lipids from the small intestine and liver to body tissues.
Lipoproteins
What are the two main storage sites of glycogen?
Liver cells Muscle cells
Which of the following are potential consequences of copper toxicity? Select all that apply. Liver damage Blood clotting Kidney damage Gastrointestinal disturbances
Liver damage Kidney damage Gastrointestinal disturbances
Terry wants to distribute food to the homeless people in his community. Which of the following foods would be most useful for a homeless person?
Loaf of bread and a jar of peanut butter
______-density lipoprotein is considered the "bad" cholesterol.
Low
Which factor decreases basal metabolism?
Low calorie intake
As very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) circulate through the bloodstream, they deliver triglycerides to cells throughout the body. After most of the triglycerides have been removed from a VLDL, the remaining lipoprotein is called a
Low-density lipoprotein
Potassium does what to blood pressure?
Lowers blood pressure
What are some external influences that affect body image?
Magazine pictures Television Movies
Which of the following are functions of water?
Maintains body temperature Medium for chemical reactions Lubricates joints
______ protein balance occurs when a person consumes less protein than is needed.
Negative
Which of the following disorders are classified as Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorders in DSM-5? Binge-eating disorder Night-eating syndrome Purging disorder
Night-eating syndrome Purging disorder
In comparison to the composition of carbohydrates and fats, which element found in proteins makes them unique?
Nitrogen
Which of the following drugs is approved for treatment of anorexia nervosa?
No drugs are currently approved
Which drug treatment regimen has been approved by the FDA for anorexia nervosa?
No medications have been approved by the U.S. FDA
Select two different names for the type of dietary fiber that increases fecal bulk and decreases intestinal transit time.
Nonfermentable fiber Insoluble fiber
The most common cause of foodborne illness in the United States is
Norovirus.
"Good source of fiber" is a Health Claim A. Nutrient Claim. Health Claim B. Structure-function Claim.
Nutrient Claim.
What are some health risks of plant-based diets for infants and children?
Nutrient deficiency Growth retardation
Jim is a 45 year old who eats fast food at least 3 times a week and smokes a pack of cigarettes each day. He just had a physical examination and was told that his body mass index is 33. In what category would Jim's BMI be classified?
Obesity
Which of the following factors increase the risk of developing hemorrhoids?
Obesity Pregnancy Prolonged sitting
What are some strategies used to prevent foodborne illness when purchasing food at the grocery store?
Observe "best by" and expiration dates printed on food packaging. Purchase only the amount of produce needed for a week's time. Select meat, fish, and poultry at the end (rather than the beginning) of the shopping trip.
Identify the personality traits exemplified by the girl in the story, "Reflections from a Woman with Anorexia Nervosa" that are common among people with anorexia nervosa.
Obsessive about exercise Perfectionistic Rigid adherence to self-imposed rules
What groups of people are most susceptible to foodborne illness?
Older adults Post-surgical patients Pregnant women
Categorize the essential fatty acids. Omega-3 Omega-6
Omega-3 -> alpha-linolenic acid Omega-6 -> linoleic acid
Pair the fatty acid with its correct effect on blood clotting and inflammation. Omega-3 Omega-6
Omega-3 -> decrease blood clotting and inflamation Omega-6 -> increase blood clotting and inflamation
Which of the following statements about organic food is true? Organic foods are not recommended over conventional foods. An organic food can make a less healthy food into a food that is healthier. Currently, the recommendation from nutrition organizations is to choose organic foods. There is no significant nutrition content difference between organic and conventional foods.
Organic foods are not recommended over conventional foods. There is no significant nutrition content difference between organic and conventional foods.
Name the condition in which strict adherence to a plan for healthy eating interferes with participation in normal activities of daily living.
Orthorexia
________ is the term used to describe a condition in which the desire to consume healthy foods becomes an obsession and begins to interfere with daily living.
Orthorexia
Which of the following characterize the living conditions for individuals affected by poverty in urban areas of developing nations?
Overcrowded Unsafe water supply
Which statement best describes the healthful dietary principle of moderation? Choose a number of different foods within any given food group rather than the same old thing. Consume a variety of foods from MyPlate's five major food groups every day. Pay attention to portion size and plan your entire day's dietary pattern so that you do not overconsume nutrient sources. Consume foods that have the most nutrition for their calories.
Pay attention to portion size and plan your entire day's dietary pattern so that you do not overconsume nutrient sources.
_____ is a major stomach enzyme used for digesting proteins.
Pepsin
Of the following bone-building nutrients, which is LEAST likely to be deficient in the diets of typical Americans?
Phosphorus
Which of the following minerals are involved in bone health?
Phosphorus Copper Calcium
Which of the following are the top three contributors to the calories expended by the body each day? Physical activity Thermic effect of food Basal metabolism Mental processes
Physical activity Thermic effect of food Basal metabolism
Which of the following are ways that nurture, rather than nature, may promote obesity?
Physical inactivity High-fat diets
Which of the following are functions of HDL cholesterol in the bloodstream?
Picks up cholesterol from dying cells and other sources Donates cholesterol to other lipoprotein for transport back to the liver for excretion
Which food sources are naturally higher in vitamin E?
Plant
What is not included as part of the dairy group because its overall nutritional content is not similar to dairy milk and fortified soy beverages?
Plant-based "milk" (e.g., almond, rice, coconut, oat, and hemp "milk")
______ is a cholesterol-rich substance deposited in the blood vessels.
Plaque
What are some issues that keep the homeless from obtaining food assistance?
Political policies that prohibit individuals or groups from sharing food with the poor or homeless Food pantries and soup kitchens may not have enough supplies to meet the needs of the communities they serve. Lack of cooking facilities
Which type of carbohydrate is formed by linking many (e.g., hundreds) of glucose units together?
Polysaccharides
Select the true statements concerning body weight among North American adults. Successful weight loss is not difficult because it just requires exercising more. Prevention of an overweight condition in the first place is the most successful approach to maintaining a healthy body weight. Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight increases the risk of developing hypertension. Almost 75% of adults are overweight or obese. Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight lowers the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Prevention of an overweight condition in the first place is the most successful approach to maintaining a healthy body weight. Almost 75% of adults are overweight or obese. Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight lowers the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Choose the appropriate strategies to follow that will help prevent foodborne illnesses when purchasing frozen and perishable foods.
Promptly refrigerate or freeze meat, eggs, and dairy products. Put meat, poultry, and fish in separate bags so drippings do not contaminate the food. Consider using insulated bags to transport your cold items.
Choose factors that make it difficult for homeless individuals to get access to food assistance.
Proof of residence is often required. Appointments must be made in advance. Hours are limited. The amount of food that can be taken home each month is limited.
Choose a function of fat tissue.
Protect organs from injury
According to the Food and Agriculture organization of the United Nations, what must be done if food production is to keep up with the expanding population?
Protection of the earth's already deteriorated environment from further destruction.
Which macronutrient makes the smallest contribution to overall ATP production by exercising muscles?
Protein
Which of the following MyPlate food groups provides the richest sources of absorbable iron?
Protein
_____ is a nutrient that forms important structures in the body, makes up a key part of the blood, helps regulate many body functions, and can fuel body cells. Amino acids join together to form this nutrient.
Protein
Select the nutrients that are integrally involved in proper immune function from the list below.
Protein Zinc Vitamin A
_____ - _____ malnutrition is a form of undernutrition caused by an extremely deficient intake of calories or protein and generally accompanied by an illness.
Protein - energy
Which two food groups supply the most thiamin in the typical American diet?
Protein foods Grains
Which of the following are true statements about the functions of protein?
Protein serves multiple functions in the body Protein is necessary for blood clotting, fluid balance and cell repair
If the diet is lacking an essential amino acid, what will be the course of action?
Protein synthesis will be limited
Which nutrient plays a vital role in keeping the body healthy by forming important structures in the body, making up a key part of the blood, helping regulate many body functions, and fueling body cells?
Proteins
Which of the following are typical roles of the registered dietitian in the treatment of anorexia nervosa?
Providing accurate nutrition information. Teaching the patient to respond to natural hunger and satiety cues.
______ occurs when the double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids in food products are broken down by ultraviolet light or oxygen.
Rancidity
Which Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) is set high enough to meet the needs of 97 to 98% of the population?
Recommended Dietary Allowances
Which of the following are proven benefits of regularly performing flexibility exercises? Select all that apply. Reduced risk of falls Reduced muscle soreness Improved strength during a workout Improved balance
Reduced risk of falls Improved balance
Which of the following are benefits of including some insoluble fiber in the diet?
Reduces constipation Reduces transit time of feces Reason: Insoluble fiber adds bulk to fecal matter. This reduces constipation by allowing feces to move through the intestines more quickly. Reason: Insoluble fiber adds bulk to fecal matter. This reduces constipation by allowing feces to move through the intestines more quickly.
Cool-down exercises typically involve 5 to 10 minutes of low-intensity activity and 5 to 10 minutes of stretching. Which of the following is a proven benefit of including a cool-down at the end of a workout?
Reduces dizziness by allowing time for the heart rate to adjust to normal
Choose the four steps that the USDA has established to prevent foodborne illness.
Refrigerate promptly. Cook to proper temperature. Don't cross-contaminate. Wash hands and surfaces often.
Which of the following best describes a college-educated nutrition and food specialist who is qualified to make evaluations of the nutritional health of people? Registered dietitian nutritionist Licensed nutritionist Master of nutrient utilization Medical doctor of food and nutritional sciences
Registered Dietition Nutritionist (or RDN)
Please match each microorganism that causes foodborne illness with its typical food source. Salmonella species Campylobacter jejuni E. coli Staphylococcus aureus Raw and undercooked meat; unpasteurized milk; contaminated water Undercooked ground meats; contaminated produce, especially lettuce, spinach, sprouts Raw and undercooked meat, fish, poultry, eggs; raw sprouts; peanut butter Contaminated ready-to-eat foods; ham, poultry, egg salads, custards, cream-filled pastries.
Salmonella species -> raw or undercooked eggs, meats, poultry, fish, produce, peanut butter, unpasteurized milk Campylobacter jejuni -> raw or undercooked meat and poultry, unpasteurized milk, contaminated water E. coli -> undercooked ground beef, contaminated produce (e.g., spinach), unpasteurized juice and milk Staphylococcus aureus -> ham, poultry, egg salads, cream-filled pastries, custards, whipped cream
Match the health effect associated with consumption of each fatty acid. Saturated fatty acids Polyunsaturated fatty acids Omega-3 fatty acids
Saturated fatty acids -> increases blood levels of cholesterol Polyunsaturated fatty acids -> decreases blood levels of cholesterol Omega-3 fatty acids -> reduces inflammation responses, blood clotting and triglycerides
Which of the following innovations may help to lessen world hunger for years to come?
Self-fertilizing crops Drought-resistant crops Pest-resistant crops
Which of the following are examples of compensatory behaviors? Self-induced vomiting Excessive exercise Frequent weighing Laxative abuse
Self-induced vomiting Excessive exercise Laxative abuse
Select the living conditions below that are present among the urban poor in developing nations.
Self-made shelters Overcrowded
Which statement is true in relation to the effects semi-starvation has on the body?
Semi-starvation results in amenorrhea (absence of menstrual periods).
Lately, your roommate has been exhibiting some unusual behaviors. Which of these behaviors is most likely to increase your suspicion that she has an eating disorder?
She follows a restrictive diet with elaborate food rules.
Each of the following individuals plans to start a new fitness program. Which of them should seek a physician's advice before they begin? Brandon is a 31-year-old male who wants to train for a triathlon. Shelly is a 36-year-old female who wants to try aerobics classes to help lower her hypertension. Curtis is a 48-year-old male who wants to start jogging to lose weight. Althea is a 60-year-old female who wants to work out with a personal trainer to get back into shape after hip-replacement surgery.
Shelly is a 36-year-old female who wants to try aerobics classes to help lower her hypertension. Curtis is a 48-year-old male who wants to start jogging to lose weight. Althea is a 60-year-old female who wants to work out with a personal trainer to get back into shape after hip-replacement surgery.
What factors in foods increase its chance of having microorganisms capable of causing a foodborne illness?
Slightly acidic Moist Rich in protein
What is the major positive ion outside cells in extracellular fluid, and a key factor for retaining body water?
Sodium
Of the following food additives, which one is most commonly used?
Sodium chloride
Which of the following statements about the safety of water is true?
Some bottled water actually comes from a municipal tap water supply.
Which of the following describe bacteria? Some can live without oxygen Single-cell microorganisms May form spores A piece of genetic material surrounded by a coat of protein
Some can live without oxygen Single-cell microorganisms May form spores
How is fiber different from starches?
The chemical bonds in fibers that hold the sugar units together cannot be digested, preventing the absorption of these sugars.
What does the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of a nutrient represent?
The maximum amount from all sources that appears safe for most healthy people
Which statement is correct about the margin of safety for food additives?
The maximum dosage that produces no observable effects in animals is divided by 100 to determine the margin of safety for intake in humans
Which statements are true about pre-event meals eaten within 1 or 2 hours of a scheduled athletic event?
The meal should be small. The meal should be liquid or blended.
Which of the following is true when comparing natural and synthetic products? All natural products are safer than synthetic products because they are natural. There is nothing about natural products that makes them inherently safer than synthetic products. Many synthetic products are laboratory copies of chemicals that also occur in nature. Nature's toxins are often more potent than synthetic pesticides and industrial chemicals.
There is nothing about natural products that makes them inherently safer than synthetic products. Many synthetic products are laboratory copies of chemicals that also occur in nature. Nature's toxins are often more potent than synthetic pesticides and industrial chemicals.
True or false: Lack of access to health care contributes to the problem of malnutrition.
True
Food allergies occur when the immune system perceives a harmless food protein as harmful invader.
True
For dietary advice to be effective, it should be tailored to personal and cultural preferences.
True
In the U.S., food labels must indicate the presence of genetically modified ingredients.
True
Poor kidney function leads to toxic levels of phosphorus.
True
Recent data suggests that it is more important to focus on whole foods and eating patterns rather than individual nutrients or phytochemicals to successfully reduce cardiovascular disease risk.
True
True or false: A copper deficiency will present itself as anemia.
True
True or false: A diet low in sodium, coupled with excessive perspiration, persistent vomiting, or diarrhea, has the ability to deplete the body of sodium. This can lead to muscle cramps, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and, later, shock and coma.
True
True or false: A healthy body weight decreases a person's chance of developing hypertension.
True
True or false: A person with an eating disorder typically has some other psychological disorder.
True
True or false: A promise of rapid weight loss is one characteristic of a fad diet.
True
True or false: A protein deficiency usually accompanies a deficiency of calories and nutrients.
True
True or false: Adults need only about 11% of their total protein requirement to be supplied by essential amino acids.
True
True or false: Amino acids from proteins can be used to fuel muscles.
True
True or false: Amino acids serve as a source of nitrogen for the human body.
True
True or false: Areas of the world with a high prevalence of HIV/AIDS are at increased risk for food insecurity. True false question.
True
True or false: Because of its branched structure that can be broken down quickly, glycogen is an ideal storage form of carbohydrate in the body.
True
True or false: Cellulose is an undigestible, nonfermentable, straight-chain polysaccharide made of glucose molecules.
True
True or false: Correcting a person's misconceptions about food and re-establishing healthy eating habits are the two main goals of nutritional therapy for a person with bulimia.
True
True or false: Daily consumption of Brazil nuts is not advised because they contain such a high level of selenium.
True
True or false: Dietary fats consist of a complex mixture of several different types of fatty acids.
True
True or false: Dietitians, psychologists, and experienced physicians all play a vital role in the treatment of a person with anorexia nervosa.
True
True or false: Drinking too much water is just as dangerous as drinking too little water.
True
True or false: Due to starvation, amino acids from muscle tissue are converted into glucose. This wastes muscle tissue and can lead to edema.
True
True or false: Eating disorders most frequently affect women.
True
True or false: Exercise can be used as a form of purging excess calories consumed during a binge.
True
Which of the following are true about vitamin A deficiencies?
Vitamin A deficiency is a major health problem in other parts of the world. Problems include impaired vision, weakened immune function, and stunted growth. Americans are at low risk for a vitamin A deficiency.
A low level of red blood cells could impair oxygen delivery to exercising muscles and therefore detract from physical performance. Which of the following B vitamins are important for healthy red blood cells?
Vitamin B-12 Folate Vitamin B-6
Excess fat located near the ______ increases a person's risk for obesity-related chronic disease.
abdomen
What is the guideline that is set at a level 100 times less than the level at which no harmful effects were noted in animal studies?
acceptable daily intake (ADI)
Rejecting the sense of accomplishment associated with having an emaciated body and accepting themselves at a healthy body weight is crucial to helping heal people with the eating disorder ______ ______.
anorexia nervosa
Typical personality characteristics of a person with ______ include responsible, meticulous, and obedient.
anorexia nervosa
A 16-year-old girl who severely restricts her food intake because she is fearful of becoming obese, even though her BMI is less than expected for her age, may be diagnosed with
anorexia nervosa.
The UL of 350 mg/day refers to magnesium from
antacids. laxatives. supplements.
Based on current research, high-fat diets for athletes ______.
are not recommended
Which of the following exercises would most effectively build muscular strength?
arm curl of 8 to 12 repetitions to fatigue
The main function of molybdenum is
as a part of several human enzymes.
Primarily, fatty acids are transported through the bloodstream
as part of lipoproteins
An effective fitness goal should be
attainable realistic. measurable.
The progression from ordered to disordered eating usually begins with
attention to hunger and satiety signals.
When individuals with so-called "diabulimia" skip doses of insulin, their goal is to
avoid weight gain.
Participants in Congregate Meals for the Elderly must
be at least 60 years old.
A well-balanced weight loss program would recommend that the rate of weight loss should ______.
be slow and steady evaluate the need for further weight loss after 10% weight loss is achieved include a period of weight maintenance for a few months after 10% of body weight is lost
Which of the following is the best food source of magnesium?
beans
If a person's diet is low in sodium and then they develop persistent vomiting or diarrhea, what may happen to this individual?
become depleted in sodium
The rationale for following a fat adaptation diet (60% of kcal from fat) is to ______.
become more efficient at burning fat for fuel, which will preserve glycogen stores for a burst of speed at the end of a race
Of the three carotenoids that can be converted to retinol in the body, ______ is the only one that can be sufficiently absorbed and converted into retinol in the body.
beta-carotene
Breeding the best bull with the best cows is an example of _____.
biotechnology
The glycemic index (GI) is a measurement of how a carbohydrate-containing food raises
blood glucose.
Vitamin K and calcium work together to prevent ______.
blood loss
Cardiovascular disease includes a variety of diseases of the ______ and ______.
blood vessels heart
Where does lipoprotein lipase break down triglycerides?
bloodstream
Direct calorimetry measures the amount of
body heat released by a person.
A ______ is the instrument used to determine the calorie content of a food.
bomb calorimeter
Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and fluoride mainly serve as structural components of
bones and teeth.
Which of the following is considered a dietary supplement?
branched chain amino acids multiple vitamin
Functions of vitamin B-6 include ______.
breakdown of stored glycogen to glucose conversion of tryptophan to niacin synthesis of white blood cells and the heme portion of hemoglobin
In the grocery store, SNAP participants may use their EBT cards to purchase
breakfast cereal. seeds to grow food. milk. carrots.
The margin of safety scientists use to determine the amount of a food additive that can be added to a food is very _____.
broad
Choose the health problems associated with bulimia nervosa. broken blood vessels in the eyes and nose swollen salivary glands increase in blood potassium constipation from frequent laxative use
broken blood vessels in the eyes and nose swollen salivary glands constipation from frequent laxative use
A disorder in which frequent bingeing is followed by compensatory behaviors to rid the body of excess calories is called
bulimia nervosa.
How are the different types of fatty acids distinguished? by the calorie cost of the fatty acid. by the number of glycerol bonds along the skeleton. by whether they are saturated or unsaturated. by the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbons on the fatty acid.
by whether they are saturated or unsaturated. by the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbons on the fatty acid.
A common ingredient added to beverages and chocolate that functions as a stimulant is _____.
caffeine
A stimulant that causes anxiety, increased urination, increased heart rate, insomnia, diarrhea, and GI upset at high doses is called ______.
caffeine
Vitamin K serves as a cofactor in chemical reactions that add carbon dioxide molecules to various proteins, thus enabling these proteins to bind to ______.
calcium
Which mineral may decrease zinc's absorption if present during the same meal?
calcium
If a male soccer player is experiencing frequent fatigue during training, it is most likely related to insufficient ______ intake.
calorie
Cholesterol _____ be made by the body.
can
Vitamin-like substances ______ be synthesized under normal healthy conditions.
can
High-fat foods
can be included in a healthy eating pattern if they are balanced with low-fat foods.
For athletes, depletion of ______ during a workout is a leading cause of fatigue.
carbohydrates
Sugars, starches, and dietary fibers are examples of ________.
carbohydrates
During fast-paced exercises, such as sprinting, most energy comes from metabolism of
carbohydrates.
The thiamin coenzyme is particularly important for the release of energy from
carbohydrates.
The coenzyme form of biotin functions to add ______ to compounds in metabolic reactions.
carbon dioxide
Alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin are three ______ that can be converted to retinol, the active form of vitamin A.
carotenoids
Dark green and yellow-orange vegetables are sources of ______.
carotenoids
Sources of provitamin A carotenoids include
carrots. broccoli. sweet potatoes.
A genetic predisposition and dietary exposure to gluten are needed for the development of _____.
celiac disease
Which of the following carbohydrates are classified as dietary fiber?
cellulose gums pectins hemicelluloses
For Drew, watching movies and eating popcorn go hand in hand, but he has resolved to stop eating popcorn at movies. Instead of eating popcorn, he plans to take a bag of grapes with him the next time he goes. This is an example of ______.
chain-breaking
Atherosclerotic plaque buildup begins in ______.
childhood
Prolonged vomiting may lead to significant loss of ______ because it is a key component of stomach acid.
chloride
Processed foods are the main source of which nutrients in North American diets?
chloride sodium
The DNA code for synthesis of a specific protein must be transferred from the cell's nucleus to the ______ to allow for protein synthesis.
cytoplasm
Protein synthesis takes place in the
cytoplasm.
Choose the factors that increase the risk for undernutrition in older adults.
declining physical and mental health depression social isolation
If height, weight, and physical activity level are held constant, energy requirements ______ as an adult ages.
decrease
In most cases, acidity will ______ bacterial growth in many foods.
decrease
Consuming a variety of foods (fruits, vegetables, and fish), trimming visible fat from meat, peeling fruits and vegetables, and removing the outer leaves on lettuce are all ways to
decrease exposure to pesticides.
The American Heart Association recommends using plant oils rather than animal fats in food preparation to ______.
decrease saturated fat intake
As dehydration progresses and blood volume decreases, blood pressure will ______ and heart rate will ______.
decrease; increase
If a person chronically consumes more than the UL for zinc, he or she may experience which of the following? decreased HDL nausea and vomiting weight gain immune dysfunction
decreased HDL nausea and vomiting immune dysfunction
Which of the following are NOT considered the symptoms of diabetes?
decreased appetite infrequent urination weight gain
An expanding population is more likely to
deteriorate earth's resources.
Stephen complains to his doctor of frequent urination and extreme thirst. Over the past 3 months, he also lost 12 pounds without dieting. His doctor sends him for tests to see if he has
diabetes.
The Upper Level for magnesium intake is 350 milligrams per day, based on the risk of developing
diarrhea.
Identify the components of energy output not involving basal metabolism. digestion of nutrients physical activity absorption of nutrients resting heart rate
digestion of nutrients physical activity absorption of nutrients
A method that measures the amount of heat released by a person, usually in an insulated metabolic chamber surrounded by water is called ______.
direct calorimetry
The method for determining energy expenditure that involves the measurement of heat given off by the body during a select period of time in an insulated chamber is called
direct calorimetry
What are some warning signs of a heart attack?
dizziness chest pain jaw, neck, shoulder pain shortness of breath
Heart attack symptoms are different between men and women. Which are the unique symptoms of a heart attack that are common in women?
dizziness or fainting overwhelming fatigue indigestion
Typical warning signs of a heart attack in women include
dizziness. nausea and vomiting. jaw, neck, and shoulder pain.
Unlike people with bulimia nervosa, people with purging disorder
do not engage in binge eating.
In the ________ experimental design, neither the participants nor the researchers are aware of each participant's assignment (test or placebo) or the outcome of the study until it is completed.
double-blinded
What are some changes, other than calorie restriction, a person can make to be successful at weight loss?
drinking plenty of water identifying behaviors that lead to weight gain eating five servings of fruits and vegetables a day
The type of macronutrient used for fuel during exercise depends upon the
duration of the activity. intensity of the activity.
Development of ______ typically begin in adolescence or young adulthood.
eating disorders
The Sustainable Development Goals aim to improve gender equality by increasing women's access to
economic resources. information and communication technologies. education.
The FDA says not to consume the following products if they are made with unpasteurized raw eggs because of the risk for Salmonella foodborne illness.
eggnog homemade ice cream mayonnaise
USDA enforces wholesomeness and quality standards for
eggs and egg products. meat.
The most important predictor of an eating disorder is
extreme dieting.
Which description best defines anorexia nervosa?
extreme restriction of calories leading to significant weight loss.
Name the fuel that supplies twice as much energy as carbohydrate, is a concentrated energy source, and we have plenty stored.
fat
The Food and Nutrition Board recommends an Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) of 20% to 35% of total calories for ______.
fat
The chemical energy in ______ must be converted to adenosine triphosphate to supply energy for muscle contraction.
fat protein carbohydrates
The fatty acid tails located in the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane are ______.
fat-soluble lined up so they point toward the interior of the membrane
The nutrient that provides the most concentrated form of energy and carries essential vitamins along with it is
fat.
The ______-soluble vitamins are more readily stored in the body than ______-soluble vitamins.
fat; water
Biotin assists in adding carbon dioxide to other compounds, which is needed for synthesizing ______.
fatty acids glucose
A high-fiber diet may improve blood cholesterol measurements because
fatty acids produced during fermentation of soluble fiber in the large intestine reduce cholesterol synthesis in the liver. soluble fiber binds to cholesterol in the GI tract, causing it to be excreted.
Common symptoms of foodborne illness include
fever, diarrhea, vomiting.
Foods that contain a lot of ______ should be avoided within a few hours of an athletic event.
fiber fat
A person who relies on vitamin and mineral supplements rather than a balanced diet to obtain adequate nutrition is likely to miss out on
fiber. phytochemicals.
Select the sources of fluoride. milk fluoridated water tea seaweed
fluoridated water tea seaweed
Exceeding the UL for ______ can lead to hip fractures, still joints, and stomach inflammation among adults.
fluoride
Which of the following is a trace mineral? phosphorus calcium fluoride potassium
fluoride
With an AI of 3.1 to 3.8 mg/day, ______ is a trace mineral that contributes to bone health.
fluoride
What are some warning signs a person with anorexia might display?
focusing a lot on dieting hiding and storing food exercising compulsively
A key function of ______ is to supply or accept single carbon compounds.
folate
Research has shown that the risk for neural tube defects is lowered by taking supplements of
folate.
Due to its potency, a UL has been set for
folic acid only.
Choose the living cost that is negotiable and often gets cut during periods of low income.
food
Choose the monthly cost that people can negotiate and spend less on when money is limited.
food
What is the first treatment of choice for anorexia nervosa?
food
The GRAS list is a compilation of ______ that are considered safe for human consumption.
food additives
Urban neighborhoods and rural towns without ready access to fresh, healthy, and affordable food are called
food deserts.
The energy input that is part of the energy balance equation includes calories from ______.
food intake
There is currently no Upper Level set for potassium because if the kidneys are functioning properly then it would be hard to consume too much potassium from
food.
A person who spends long hours lifting weights, plans stringent meals that follow a specific macronutrient ratio, and keeps meticulous records is at risk for ______.
muscle dysmorphia
If carbohydrate is inadequate, and a person is not getting enough calories, it is not unusual for amino acids from ______ to be converted to energy.
muscle tissue
Most digestive enzymes are synthesized by the ___________________.
pancreas and small intestine
An amino acid that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts is considered ______.
nonessential
Eleven of the twenty different amino acids that the body uses are considered ______.
nonessential
For diarrhea caused by bacterial or viral infections, dietary restrictions (e.g., limiting the diet to include only bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast) are usually ______ for recovery.
not necessary
The defining characteristic of a _____ is that it grows on trees.
nut
With the highest milligrams of calcium per kcal, fat-free milk is the most ______ source of calcium.
nutrient-dense
Restoring body weight to a healthy range is the ultimate goal of
nutrition therapy.
The monosaccharides and the disaccharides are designated as _____ because they provide calories.
nutritive sweeteners
The richest sources of copper are oranges and melons. refined grains and pastries. nuts and dark chocolate. dark leafy greens.
nuts and dark chocolate.
The public, private, and non-profit organizations are currently working together to find a solution to the public health crisis of _____, now considered an epidemic in the United States.
obesity
Promoting a weight gain that results in a BMI ______ is a goal of the RDN working with a patient with anorexia.
of 20 or more
Being ______ will increase your risk for hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, android fat distribution, and obesity-related diseases.
overweight
Deficiency of ______ is unlikely in healthy adults because it is widespread in foods and beverages and is efficiently absorbed.
phosphorus
Milk, cheese, meat, and bread are all rich sources of
phosphorus.
Pair each form of vitamin K with its source. phylloquinone menaquinone menadione
phylloquinone -> green plants menaquinone -> gut bacteria menadione -> synthetic
Improved sleep, reduced stress, and improved bone health are all benefits of ______.
physical activity
A ______ protein balance occurs when protein intake exceeds daily protein losses.
positive
Certain individuals are more susceptible to foodborne illness because they have impaired immune function. This includes people such as
postsurgical patients. people taking immunosuppressant agents. individuals with HIV infection.
The "K" in the artificial sweetener acesulfame-K stands for ______.
potassium
Suitable technologies that need to be encouraged so that small farmers can flourish include:
processing local staples marketing local staples preserving local staples
Characteristics of hydrogenated oils include all of the following except
products containing them become rancid sooner, contributing to a shorter shelf life.
The majority of GI problems can be controlled with ______.
proper nutrition lowering risk factors medical treatment
Clotting blood, maintaining fluid balance, producing hormones and enzymes, and transporting substances in the bloodstream are all functions of ______.
protein
Muscle cells, lipoproteins, enzymes, immune antibodies, some hormones, visual pigments, and the support structure inside bones all contain ______.
protein
The support structure inside bones is made of ______.
protein
The body's needs for niacin are met by ______.
protein foods and enriched grains the synthesis from tryptophan
During treatment for anorexia nervosa who is responsible for providing accurate nutrition information, promoting a healthy attitude toward food, and helping the person learn to eat in response to natural hunger and satiety cues?
registered dietitian
What contributes (other than diet) to the lower death rates from chronic disease seen in individuals who follow a plant-based eating pattern?
regular physical activity abstaining from alcohol and drugs not smoking
Which three factors contribute the most to a successful long-term weight loss and maintenance plan?
regular physical activity high fiber intake nutrient-dense food intake
An example of cognitive restructuring for weight control is
replacing stressful eating situations with relaxing alternatives.
The need for women to have a higher body fat when compared to men is to maintain
reproductive functions. estrogen production.
Choline has not been classified as a vitamin because
research on choline is limited.
Which B vitamin is necessary for the metabolism of some vitamins and minerals, plays an indirect role in the body's antioxidant defense system, and participates in many energy-yielding metabolic pathways?
riboflavin
Which of the following B-vitamins plays a role in the body's antioxidant defense system as a coenzyme for glutathione peroxidase?
riboflavin
The B-vitamin most easily destroyed by exposure to light is
riboflavin.
"Reflections from a Woman with Anorexia Nervosa" illustrates which personality characteristic when she "felt a sense of pride that I could make a decision and stick with it"?
rigid adherence to self-imposed rules
Choose the most common food additives that are added to foods.
salt corn syrup citric acid sugar
The deficiency disease for vitamin C is called ______.
scurvy
What is a temporary condition in which lactase production is decreased in response to another condition, such as diarrhea?
secondary lactose maldigestion
Most adults meet the RDA for ______, consuming an average of 105 micrograms each day, which is almost twice the RDA of 55 micrograms.
selenium
Bioelectric impedance is used to estimate body fat content by _____.
sending a painless, low-energy electrical current through the body and measuring the resistance to the electrical flow
To quickly cool foods to below 40 degrees Fahrenheit, it is best to ______ before refrigerating.
separate the leftovers into several shallow pans
Pepsin can break a polypeptide chain into ______.
shorter chains of amino acids
Of the following foods, iron is best absorbed from sirloin steak. broccoli. kidney beans. cheese.
sirloin steak.
Mitch lost his job when the auto manufacturing industry in his town shut down. As a result, his family got evicted from their apartment and they are living in their car. This can be described as ______ poverty.
situational
An unexpected financial crisis (medical emergency, death in the family, loss of a job) that prevents individuals from retaining their housing is termed
situational poverty.
High levels of ingested fluoride can lead to
skeletal damage. tooth mottling.
Possible symptoms of biotin deficiency include ______.
skin inflammation nausea and vomiting muscle pain and weakness
Which behaviors may be considered "diabulimia"?
skipping doses of insulin to induce weight loss using large doses of insulin to compensate for hyperglycemia resulting from binge eating
Vitamins are needed in ______ amounts to support growth and maintenance.
small
Groups who are at high risk of a vitamin E deficiency include
smokers. preterm infants.
What are the reinforcing pillars of sustainable development?
social development environmental protection economic development
Excess dietary intake of _____ may increase blood pressure.
sodium
Minerals most involved in fluid balance are
sodium and potassium.
If water intake exceeds the kidneys' processing ability, _____ and _____ can result.
sodium dilution in the blood overhydration
All of the following are components that make up an amino acid except
sodium.
Salt is 40% ______ and 60% ______.
sodium; chloride
Most foods containing saturated fatty acids are ______ at room temperature.
solid
What type of fiber is helpful in lowering blood cholesterol?
soluble
A ______ is a liquid substance in which other substances dissolve.
solvent
Typical North American B vitamin status is good because
sources of B-vitamins are plentiful. many foods are fortified with B vitamins.
Which plant-based dairy alternative most closely matches the high-quality protein content of cow's milk?
soy milk
The ring-like muscles that prevent the backflow of partially digested food within the gastrointestinal tract are called
sphincters.
Drew walks past the vending machine on his way to his office. Often he is tempted to grab a snack when passing by. If Drew purposely enters his work place by a different entrance so he does not walk by the vending machines, he is applying the ______ concept of behavior modification.
stimulus control
Keeping tempting snack foods stashed in the cupboards or freezer instead of leaving them in plain view is an example of _____________.
stimulus control
What three organs and/or glands produce lipase to digest triglycerides in the gastrointestinal tract?
stomach pancreas salivary glands
The lower esophageal sphincter is located between the
stomach and esophagus.
To avoid Salmonella contamination,
store chicken at 40°F or below.
Carbohydrates and phosphocreatine are primary fuel sources for ______.
strength and power activities
What is the best way to increase muscle mass to raise metabolism and contribute to weight loss?
strength training
Female athletes who have irregular or absent menstrual cycles are at increased risk for
stress fractures.
What are the three main problems associated with vitamin A deficiency?
stunted growth impaired vision weakened immune system
Around the world, ______ has the highest rates of new HIV infections each year.
sub-Saharan Africa
Choose the ergogenic aids that have strong evidence to support their effectiveness in improving performance.
sufficient water and electrolytes a balanced and varied dietary pattern consistent with MyPlate adequate carbohydrates
When fat is removed from a food product, ______ is often added in its place.
sugar
What are some natural food sources of sucrose?
sugar beets maple sugar
Crop rotation, intercropping, and step farming are all examples of ______.
sustainable agriculture
Maintaining or enhancing the land and natural resources for the long term, social responsibilities of human resources, and consumer health and safety are all principles of
sustainable agriculture.
The dietary folate equivalents (DFE) take into account the differences between the bioavailability of synthetic folic acid and natural folate. Which is more bioavailable?
synthetic folic acid
Which of the following strategies help a person with anorexia heal? exposing the patient to pro-Ana websites teaching coping strategies to help resolve psychological conflict helping a patient to reject the desire to maintain an emaciated body shape educating the patient on the medical complications associated with anorexia
teaching coping strategies to help resolve psychological conflict helping a patient to reject the desire to maintain an emaciated body shape educating the patient on the medical complications associated with anorexia
Freezing a food ______.
temporarily halts viral and bacterial growth
Ninety-nine percent of the calcium in the body is used for ______.
the growth and development of bones the maintenance of bones
Other considerations for bariatric surgery in addition to patient selection criteria include
the need to plan small frequent meals after surgery. surgical expenses might not be covered by medical insurance. follow-up surgery may be needed to correct stretched skin.
Recent studies clearly indicate an association between TV advertising of foods and drinks and ___________________, especially in the United States. dollars spent for food in restaurants purchase of more nutritious products from grocery stores the prevalence of childhood obesity the number of meals eaten at home
the prevalence of childhood obesity
The USP symbol on a dietary supplement label indicates
the product has been evaluated and meets professionally accepted standards of supplement quality.
Nutrition is the science that links food to health and disease. the study of disease patterns among various populations. the use of dietary supplements to cure diseases. the practice of eating only healthy foods.
the science that links food to health and disease.
The functions of vitamin B-6 include ______.
the synthesis of neurotransmitters the synthesis of nonessential amino acids homocysteine metabolism
The "first 1000 days" refers to
the time from conception until a child's second birthday, a critical period for proper nutrition.
Which activities are part of a measurement of basal metabolism?
the work of the liver, kidneys, and brain beating of the heart respiration
The energy used for the digestion, absorption, and processing of food is called the
thermic effect of food.
Which of the following contributes the least to the calories that are used each day by the body?
thermogenesis
A riboflavin deficiency usually occurs with a deficiency of several other B vitamins because
these nutrients often occur in the same foods.
All of the following statements about many popular (fad) diets are true EXCEPT: they help people make permanent changes in eating habits. they promote quick weight loss that ends up being primarily water and lean muscle mass. they often recommend expensive supplements. they use testimonials from famous people.
they help people make permanent changes in eating habits.
Deficiencies of the following B vitamins often occur jointly because they all come from similar food sources.
thiamin riboflavin vitamin B-6 niacin
In the United States, bread and cereal products made from milled grains are enriched with
thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin.
The B vitamin required as a coenzyme to release energy from carbohydrates and some amino acids is
thiamin.
How can you protect yourself from the following naturally occurring toxins? thiaminase safrole solanine comfrey Cook fish thoroughly before eating. Use only small amounts of spices, such as sassafras, mace, and nutmeg. Store potatoes in a cool, dark area. Avoid herbal teas and extracts made from this plant.
thiaminase -> Cook fish thoroughly before eating. safrole -> Use only small amounts of spices, such as sassafras, mace, and nutmeg. solanine -> Store potatoes in a cool, dark area. comfrey -> Avoid herbal teas and extracts made from this plant.
What are the structural components of a triglyceride?
three attached fatty acids glycerol backbone
How do parasites spread?
through contaminated foods through direct contact from person to person through contaminated soil through contaminated water
What is the first priority for nutrition therapy when treating a person with anorexia nervosa?
to achieve a body weight within a healthy range
Select the two main goals of nutritional therapy for a person with bulimia nervosa.
to correct misconceptions about food to re-establish regular eating habits
What is the ultimate goal of nutrition therapy for individuals with anorexia nervosa?
to restore body weight to a healthy range
Which of the following are social systems that may be helpful with weight control?
weight loss support groups supportive family members registered dietitians weight control professionals
Dietary Guidelines recommends that you consume at least half of all grains as _____.
whole grains
Whole-grain cornmeal, wild rice, and buckwheat are all examples of ______.
whole grains
What are some examples of foods that are considered high in fat?
whole milk avocado salad oils butter
Choose the food that will have the most fiber.
whole orange
When nutrient deficiencies are restored, improved health status ______ visible.
will be
Iodine ______ shrink a goiter once it has formed.
will not
With reference to the WIC program, W stands for _____, I stands for _____, and C stands for _____.
women, infants, children
Which of the following are functions of vitamin C?
wound healing synthesis of bone tissue
Which of the following are rich sources of iodine? yogurt eggs peanuts, 1 oz fat-free milk
yogurt eggs fat-free milk
A reduced sense of taste may be a symptom of ________ deficiency.
zinc
An altered sense of taste and smell may be related to a ______ deficiency.
zinc
Approximately 200 enzymes require ______ as a cofactor for activity.
zinc
Intakes of ______ that are either too high or too low could impair immune function.
zinc
The two categories of functional foods are ______.
zoochemicals phytochemicals
Pair the term with its best definition. zoochemicals phytochemicals
zoochemicals -> health-promoting compounds found in animal foods phytochemicals -> health-promoting compounds found in plant foods
