Nutrition Unit 1: Review questions

Situation: I feel guilty every time I eat potato chips, I wish they weren't bad for me. Nutrition concept #

10 (there are no "good" and "bad" foods)

Situation: Otis mistakenly thought that as long as he consumed-enough calories from food along with vitamin and mineral supplements, he would stay healthy no matter what he ate. Nutrition concept # (2)

2 (foods proved energy, nutrients, and other substances needed for growth and health) 9 (adequacy, variety, and balance are key characteristics of healthy dietary patterns)

Situation: A low amount of iron in Tawana's red blood cells was the reason for her loss of appetite and low energy level. Nutrition concept #

3 (health problems related to nutrition originate within cells)

Situation: Phyllis was relieved to learn that her chronic diarrhea was due to the high level of vitamin C supplements she had been taking. Nutrition concept #

4 (poor nutrition can result from both inadequate and excessive levels of nutrition intake)

Definition: Antioxidants

Chemical substances that prevent or repair damage to cells caused by exposure to oxidizing agents such as environmental pollutants, smoke, ozone, and oxygen.

True of False: Food insecurity is a problem in developing countries, but is not a problem in the United States or Canada.

False

True of False: Tissues stores of nutrients decline after blood levels of the nutrients decline.

False

True of False: To maintain health, all essential nutrients must be consumed at the recommended level daily.

False

True or False: Nutrients are classified into 5 basic groups: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and water.

False

True or False: The word nonessential is an in nonessential nutrient means that the nutrient is not required for growth and health.

False

True or False: Inadequate intakes of vitamins and minerals can harm health, but high intakes do not.

False, Excessive as well as inadequate intake levels of vitamins and minerals can be harmful to health.

True or False: Calories are a component of food.

False, calories are a measure of the amount of energy supplied by food. They're a property of food, not a substance present in food.

Definition: Nutrient dense

Foods that contain relatively high amounts of nutrients in relation to their calorie value.

True of False: An individual's genetic traits play a role in how nutrient intake affects disease risk.

True

True of False: The development of standards for nutrient intake levels was prompted in part by the high rejection rate of World War II recruits due to underweight and nutrient deficiencies.

True

True or False: "Dietary Reference Intakes" (DRIs), provide science-based standards for nutrient intake.

True

True or False: Nutrition is defined as "the study of foods, their nutrients and other chemical constituents, and the effects that food constituents have on health."

True

True or False: Nutrients are substances in food that are used by the body for growth and health.

True

The Tolerable Upper Intake Level for iron for a 65 year old male in milligrams per day (mg/d) is: a. 1,100 b. 45 c. 350 d. 3.5

b. 45

Cassandra is on her way to her first nutrition class and is thinking about what the course will cover. Listed below are her ideas, which idea is not a component of the scope of the study of nutrition? a. diet and disease relationships b. components of healthful diets c. magical powers of super foods and for weight loss d. nutrient composition of foods

c. Magical powers of super foods and for weight loss

If you wanted to know the Recommended Dietary Allowance for protein for a 7 month old infant, you would refer to tables on the: a. Dietary Guidelines for Americans b. Infant Nutritional Recommendations for Americans c. Recommended Daily Intakes d. Recommended Dietary Allowances

d. Recommended Dietary Allowance

Groups of people at higher risk than others of becoming inadequately nourished include ___________ and ____________.

(Answers consist of:) pregnant women, breastfeeding women, infants, growing children, frail elderly, ill person, and people recovering from illness.

Situation: The Irish potato famine caused thousands of deaths. Nutrition concept #

1 (food is basic need of humans)

Situation: During the two weeks they were backpacking in the Netherlands, Tomas and Ozzie ate very few vegetables and fruits. Their health remained robust, however. Nutrition concept #

5 (humans have adaptive mechanisms for managing fluctuations in nutrient intake)

Situation: Zhang wasn't aware that he had the inherited condition hemochromatosis until he began taking iron supplements and developed iron overload symptoms. Nutrition concept #

6 (malnutrition can result from poor diets and from disease states, genetic factors, or combinations of these factors

Situation: Far more young children than soldiers died as a result of the 10-year civil war in Sudan. Nutrition concept #

7 (some groups of people are at higher risk of becoming inadequately nourished than others)

Situation: For the past 20 years, Don's idea of dinner was a big steak and potatoes. His recent heart attack changed his view of what's for dinner. Nutrition concept #

8 (poor nutrition can influence the development of certain chronic and other diseases)

Definition: Calorie

A unit of measure of the amount of energy supplied by food.

Definition: Nutrients

Chemical substances in food that are used by the body for growth and health.

Definition: Food insecurity

Limited or uncertain availability of safe, nutritious foods--or the ability to acquire them in socially acceptable ways.

Certain phytochemicals, or __________, such as lycopene and anthocyanins, act as ___________.

Plant chemicals/Phytonutrients, antioxidants

Definition: Malnutrition

Poor nutrition resulting from an excess or lack of calories or nutrients.

Definition: Essential nutrients

Nutrients required for normal growth and health that the body can generally not produce, or produce in sufficient amounts.

Definition: Metabolism

The chemical changes that take place in the body.