OB Chap 6

______ is information about performance shared with those in a position to improve the situation.

feedback

Barney is late to work one morning, so he drives over the speed limit through a school zone. As a result, he gets pulled over by a police officer and receives a ticket. This scenario is an instance of

punishment

________ is a process that involves an individual comparing perceptions of his or her of performance with those of managers, subordinates, and peers

360 degree feedback

________ is the idea that a manager should do what the situation requires.

contingency approach

Barbara is training her new puppy to sit on command. Every time the puppy responds correctly, he receives a treat. Barbara is using a __________ reinforcement schedule.

continuous

If every instance of a target behavior is reinforced, a(n) _________ schedule is in effect.

continuous

Graham's team recently completed a project, and Graham has to provide feedback to the different team members. He is nervous about doing this the right way. Which of the following should Graham avoid?

He should use the feedback to punish ineffective team members.

Avoiding extreme judgments and rating people and objects as average or neutral is known as the _______ perceptual error.

central tendency

CRF schedules are particularly useful when an employee is

learning a new skill

On the first day of class, Professor Simmons explains what the goals of the course are and what he expects of his students. This represents ______ of effective performance management.

defining performance

Polly works as a bartender. A few people wave money at her so that she will serve them first. She finds this to be rude and, so, either ignores them or serves them last. People realize that Polly serves the people who wait politely first, and much of the rude behavior stops. Polly used the model of

extinction

The law of effect states that

if an action is followed by a pleasurable consequence, it will tend to be repeated and if it's followed by an unpleasant consequence, it will tend not to be repeated.

In the leniency perceptual error, a person

leads to an individual to consistently evaluate other people and objects in an extremely positive fashion

An example of a(n) _____ goal is when Melissa's manager sets a goal for her to produce 16 widgets per hour.

objective

Sales quotas and piecework are best measured using ________ goals.

objective

_________ is behavior that is learned when one acts on the environment to produce desired consequences.

operant

_______ is the popular term for linking monetary incentives with results or accomplishments.

pay for performance

Barry set himself a goal of bowling at least one game above 250 (out of 300 possible) before the end of the season. This is a ________ goal.

performance

_____ is the set of processes and managerial behaviors that involve defining, monitoring, measuring, evaluating, and providing consequences for performance expectations.

performance management

Morgan, who has been a salesperson for six months, receives a review that she feels is unfair. Her manager just completed Samuel's review yesterday. Samuel has been a top salesperson for four years. It's likely that her manager has committed a _______

perpetual error

After a series of train incidents, NS&Q offered employee bonuses based on safety for the first quarter of this year. This is an example of

positive reinforcement

It's snowing and Alice runs outside to the mailbox without her coat. She immediately shivers and gets goose bumps. This is an example of _____ behavior.

respondent

Anna blinks her eyes whenever she looks up at the sun. This is an example of

respondent behavior

______ are the general criteria used for distributing rewards.

results, behaviors and actions, an nonperformance

In the context of goal setting, SMART stands for

specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, time bound