OB chapter 11, 14, 13

trait theory offers four conclusions:

1. we cannot ignore the implications of leadership traits 2. the positive and "dark triad" traits suggest the qualities you should cultivate and avoid if you want to assume a leadership role in the future 3. organizations may want to include personality and trait assessments in their selection and promotion processes 4. a global mindset is an increasingly valued task-oriented trait

Select the mechanisms for changing organizational culture.

Activities, processes, outcomes Stories, legends, myths Leader reactions to crisis Slogans, acronyms, sayings

Researchers determine leadership characteristics by using a statistical procedure called -, which computes an average relationship between two variables.

Blank 1: meta Blank 2: analysis

The theory which states that leader behaviors are effective when employees view them as a source of satisfaction or as a way to future satisfaction is called - theory.

Blank 1: path Blank 2: goal

The bias that occurs when knowledge of previous outcomes influences decisions about the probability of future concurrence is

Hindsight bias

The bias that occurs when knowledge of previous outcomes influences decisions about the probability of future consequences

Hindsight bias

Bernard Bass associated which of the following behaviors with leaders?

Inspiring others Creating vision and strategic plans Rallying employees around a common goal

Breeds excessive optimism and risk taking

Invulnerability

____________fit is important because it is associated with positive work attitudes and performance.

Person-organization

Stifles critical debate

Self-censorship

What type of thinking is described by Daniel Kahneman as intuitive and unconscious thought?

System 1

charisma

a form of interpersonal attraction that inspires acceptance, devotion, and enthusiasm

psychopathy

a lack of guilt, remorse or concern for others when their own actions do others harm

leadership prototype

a mental representation of the traits and behaviors people believe leaders possess

People who have a directive decision style:

are decisive and action oriented like to focus on facts

What is a form of computing that allows machines to perform cognitive functions similar to the way humans do?

artificial intelligence (AI)

What is the primary purpose of task-oriented leader behaviors?

assisting others in achieving their goals as well as the goals of the working group

How can artificial intelligence (AI) help managers enhance business operations?

automating processes managing customer communications gaining insight through data analysis

Big data, the vast quantity of data available to decision makers, can

be used to develop new products and services. enhance productivity. make information more transparent and usable.

Which of the following approaches tries to find the unique behaviors that effective leaders have?

behavioral styles

The sense of "we-ness" that overrides individual differences and motives in a group is:

cohesiveness

value and engage in the development of skills, abilities, and opportunities for others

commitment to the growth of people

Select the three emotional responses followers want leaders to foster.

community, excitement, and significance

The _________framework identifies four different types of organizational culture. A clan culture has an employee focus. Adhocracy and market cultures have external foci that emphasize innovation/growth and market share/profitability, respectively. Hierarchical cultures are internally focused on efficiency and smooth functioning.

competing values

The ability to manage oneself and one's relationships in a mature and constructive way is called ______ _______.

emotional intelligence

The ability to manage oneself and one's relationships in a mature and constructive way is called ______ _______. Multiple choice question.

emotional intelligence

Bounded rationality is the idea that decision makers: Multiple choice question.

face various restrictions when making decisions

Groupthink can result in decisions that:

fail to realistically evaluate alternative options maintain the cohesiveness of the group lack moral judgment

True or false: An assumption of the nonrational decision making models is that managers possess all of the information needed to

false

Which of the following terms refers to a person's productive potential, based on knowledge, skills and experiences?

human capital

What do managers accomplish by sacrificing for the good of the group, being a role model, and displaying high ethical standards?

idealized influence

What type of influence do managers use to instill pride, respect and trust within employees?

idealized influence

Brainstorming is a technique used to help groups generate multiple _____ and alternatives for solving _________

ideas problems

Leader-member relations result in the formation of two types of exchanges: the _________ exchange, and the _________ exchange

in-group AND out-group

inspirational motivation

includes the use of charisma, relies on an attractive vision of the future, emotional arguments, and demonstrated optimism and enthusiasm

In transformational leadership, behaviors associated with providing support, encouragement, empowerment and coaching to employees are called

individualized consideration

What are leaders practicing when they pay special attention to the needs of their followers and search for ways to help people develop and grow?

individualized consideration

What are the three dimensions of situational control?

leader-member relations, position power, and task structure

What is it called when an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal?

leadership

What is it called when an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal? Multiple choice question.

leadership

When an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal it is called

leadership

A mental representation of the traits and behaviors that people believe are possessed by leaders is called a

leadership prototype

What are the disadvantages of big data?

leaked private information cybersecurity breaches

Select the important characteristics of organizational culture

learned over time impacts outcomes at multiple levels shared concept influences our behavior at work

strive to identify and clarify the needs and desires of a group

listening

The process of forming and maintaining intensive and lasting developmental relationships between a variety of developers and a junior person is called:

mentoring

•There are four key developmental networks underlying effective _________. A receptive network is composed of a few weak ties from one social system. Having a few strong ties with developers from one social system is referred to as a traditional network. An entrepreneurial network is made up of strong ties among several developers. An opportunistic network is associated with having weak ties from different social systems.

mentoring

What are three practical things to consider in the decision-making process?

routine and frequency time constraints information and communication

Deciding to choose a solution that meets enough minimum qualifications is:

satisficing

The least effective way to use evidence-based decision making is to:

support a decision made intuitively

show concern for the well-being and needs of employees; be friendly and approachable; and treat employees as equals

supportive behaviors

leader-member relations

the extent to which the leader has the support, loyalty, and trust of the work groups

What are some of the characteristics that followers look for in leaders?

treating others with respect making them feel engaged at work fostering a sense of unity

Advantages of group decision making include

1. Greater commitment to a decision 2. Better understanding of the reasons for a decision 3. A greater pool of knowledge

List the creative performance behaviors in sequence with the first one at the top

1. Problem formulation/definition 2. Preparation/information gathering 3. Idea generation 4. Idea evaluation/validation

four memorable points about behavioral theory

1. behavior is more important than traits when it comes to leaders' effectiveness 2. leader behaviors can be systematically improved and developed 3. there is no one best style of leadership 4. abusive supervision takes its toll on employees, managers, and the overall organization

scientific evidence supports two conclusions about emotional intelligence and leadership:

1. emotional intelligence is an input to transformational leadership 2. emotional intelligence has a small, positive, and significant association with leadership effectiveness

steps to apply contingency theory

1. identify important outcomes 2. identify important leadership behaviors 3. identify situational conditions 4. match leadership to the conditions at hand 5. decide how to make the match

applying contingency theory

1. identify important outcomes 2. identify relevant leadership behaviors 3. identify situational conditions 4. match leadership to the conditions at hand 5. decide how to make the match

support for transformational leadership underscores five important managerial implications:

1. the establishment of a positive vision of the future-inspirational motivation-should be considered a first step in applying transformational leadership 2. the best leaders are not just transformational 3. transformational leadership affects outcomes at the individual, group, and organizational levels 4. transformational leadership works virtually 5. transformational leaders can be ethical or unethical

Criteria that should be used in evaluating alternatives are

1. whether it will solve the problem 2. what it will cost 3. Whether it is ethical

Which of the following are characteristic of people with the conceptual decision making style?

A long-term perspective A broad perspective They rely on intuition

________ : outlines an organization's long-term goals and the actions necessary to achieve those goals

A strategic plan

A problem occurs when there is a gap between _____ and a _______ situation

Actual Desired

________ : have an external focus and value flexibility - Creation of new products and services is the strategic thrust of this culture, which is accomplished by being adaptable, creative and fast to respond to changes in the marketplace - Does not rely on centralized power and authority relationships

Adhocracy culture

If the chosen ________ fails to solve the problem, managers can try another solution

Alternative

___________: occurs before an individual actually joins an organization. - It is represented by the information people have learned about different careers, occupations, professions and organizations. The information can come from many sources

Anticipatory socialization phase

What are the three phase's in the three phase model of organizational socialization. Model made by Daniel Feldman promtoes deeper understanding of important process

Anticipatory socialization phase,Encounter phase,Change and acquisition phase

_______ : consist of the physical manifestation of an organization's culture

Artifacts

What can an individual do to make better decisions?

Assess decision-making styles. Examine past decisions for the influence of biases. Develop critical thinking skills.

__________ : constitute organizational values that have become so taken for granted over time that they become assumptions that guide organizational behavior - They represent deep-seated beliefs that employees have about their company and thus constitute the core of organizational culture

Basic underlying assumptions

Managers should do which of the following?

Be active in socializing employees. Determine the extent that their unit's culture matches the company's culture. Develop their own social and human capital.

People who are receptive to suggestions and focus strongly on people and the social aspects of a work situation have which of the following decision-making styles?

Behavioral

Which statement about social media is true?

Being proficient with social networking tools can help you find jobs throughout your career.

A problem occurs when there is a gap between a(n) and a(n) situation.

Blank 1: actual Blank 2: desired

People who have a high tolerance for ambiguity and focus on tasks and technical concerns have the decision-making style.

Blank 1: analytical

The phase of organizational socialization that occurs before an individual actually joins an organization is socialization.

Blank 1: anticipatory

People who prefer to avoid conflict and focus strongly on people and the social aspects of a work situation have the style of decision making.

Blank 1: behavioral or behavioural

The idea that decision makers are limited by various constraints during the decision-making process is the nonrational model known as

Blank 1: bounded Blank 2: rationality

The idea that decision makers are limited by various constraints during the decision-making process is the nonrational model known as .

Blank 1: bounded Blank 2: rationality

A form of interpersonal attraction that inspires acceptance, devotion, and enthusiasm is called

Blank 1: charisma

People who have a high tolerance for ambiguity and focus on people and the social aspects of a work situation have the decision making style.

Blank 1: conceptual

Leader behavior associated with creating mutual respect or trust while concentrating on the group members' needs and desires is called

Blank 1: consideration

As situations change, different styles of leadership become appropriate. This is the basic premise of theories.

Blank 1: contingency

As situations change, different styles of leadership become appropriate. This is the basic premise of theories. Listen to the complete question

Blank 1: contingency

The situational theory which argues that a leader's effectiveness is dependent on how well a leader's style fits the situation at hand is called theory.

Blank 1: contingency

The process of producing new and useful ideas concerning products, services, processes, and procedures is

Blank 1: creativity

A(n) is a graphical representation of the process underlying decisions that shows the consequences of making various choices.

Blank 1: decision Blank 2: tree

People with a decision-making style have a low tolerance for ambiguity and are oriented toward tasks.

Blank 1: directive

The phenomenon that occurs when people who are members of a cohesive in-group so strive for unanimity that they fail to realistically appraise alternative courses of action is called .

Blank 1: groupthink

The phenomenon that occurs when people who are members of a cohesive in-group so strive for unanimity that they fail to realistically appraise alternative courses of action is called.

Blank 1: groupthink

Brainstorming is a technique used to help groups generate multiple and alternatives for solving

Blank 1: ideas or solutions Blank 2: problems

The theory that assumes leaders will develop unique personal relationships with each of their direct reports is called - theory.

Blank 1: leader Blank 2: member Blank 3: exchange

When an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal it is called .

Blank 1: leadership

Proper can create a sense of oneness and membership in a firm and thus significantly influence the protege's career.

Blank 1: mentoring or mentorship

The process of forming and maintaining an intensive and lasting developmental relationship between a variety of developers and a junior person is called

Blank 1: mentoring or mentorship

A is the divide between an actual and a desired situation.

Blank 1: problem

A mental representation of the traits and behaviors that people believe are possessed by leaders is called a leadership

Blank 1: prototype

The decision-making model that assumes managers are fully objective and have all information they need to make a decision is the decision model.

Blank 1: rational or ration

Deciding to select a solution that meets some minimum, adequate qualifications is .

Blank 1: satisficing or satisfising

According to theory, organizations should consider using personality and trait assessments in the selection and promotion process.

Blank 1: trait

According to theory, organizations should consider using personality and trait assessments in the selection and promotion process. Listen to the complete question

Blank 1: trait

Trying to identify personality characteristics that can be used to figure out who is better at leading and who is better at following is the approach to leadership.

Blank 1: trait

Leaders who are use behaviors that appeal to followers' self-concepts.

Blank 1: transformational

The idea that decision makers are limited by various constraints during the decision-making process in the non rational model known as ______ __________

Bounded rationality

A technique used for solving problems, generating creative ideas for new products, and removing performance roadblocks is

Brainstorming

How does organizational socialization embed their cultures in new employees?

By promoting and reinforcing core values and beliefs

________: requires employees to master important tasks and roles and to adjust to their work group's values and norms. - This only occurs when employees have a clear understanding about their roles and they are effectively integrated within the work unit

Change and acquisition phase

________ : have an internal focus and value flexibility rather than stability and control - This resemble a family type organization in which effectiveness is achieved by encouraging collaboration, trust and support among employees - Very employee focused and strives to instill cohesion through consensus and job satisfaction and commitment through employee involvement

Clan culture

path-goal clarifying

Clarifying employees' performance goals using positive and negative rewards.

Why is the establishment of a positive vision of the future essential for applying transformational leadership?

Communicating the vision promotes endorsement. The vision represents long-term goals. Leaders can influence others by gaining consensus of the vision.

_________: provides a practical way for managers to understand, measure and change organizational culture

Competing values framework (CVF)

People who have a high tolerance for ambiguity and focus on people and the social aspects of a work situation have the _________ decision making style

Conceptual

People who have a high tolerance for ambiguity and focus on people and the social aspects of a work situation have which of the following decision making styles?

Conceptual

Ask for feedback

Confirm your intuitive judgments by seeking feedback from your reliable individuals

__________ is a shared concept that is learned over time. It also influences our behavior at work and outcomes at multiple levels.

Culture

When you pinpoint and pick a solution that best solves a problem, this is

Decision making

Computer-based interactive systems that help decision makers use data and models to solve problems are __________ __________ systems

Decision support

Computer-based interactive systems that help decision makers use data and models to solve problems are

Decision support systems

A graphical representation of the process underlying decisions that shows the consequences of making various choices

Decision tree

Select the mechanisms for changing organizational culture.

Design of physical workspace Role modeling, teaching, coaching Rewards, status symbols and promotions Formal Statements

_________ : represents the quality of relationships among the individual and those involved in his or her developmental network

Developmental relationship strength

____________ : reflects the variety of people within the network an individual uses for development assistance

Diversity of development relationships

Of the following, who is best known for their writing on organizational culture?

Edgar Schein

What are some of the managerial implications of transformational leadership?

Effective leaders rely on task-oriented and relationship-oriented behaviors. Establishment of a positive vision of the future provides a long-term goal for the organization and its staff. Transformational leadership behavior works for geographically dispersed people, such as those working virtually.

Which statements are true about emotional intelligence and leadership?

Emotional intelligence helps people lead; however, it does not solve all problems. Emotional intelligence helps people with transformational leadership.

Which statements are true about emotional intelligence and leadership?

Emotional intelligence helps people with transformational leadership. Emotional intelligence helps people lead; however, it does not solve all problems.

Which statements are true about emotional intelligence and leadership? Multiple select question.

Emotional intelligence helps people with transformational leadership. Emotional intelligence helps people lead; however, it does not solve all problems.

Of the following, which best represent rites and rituals?

Employees avoid certain "unlucky" foods in the break room. Salespersons ring a large gong when they make a deal. Employees enjoy a beer on-site at the office.

Why is it important for managers to maintain a high leader-member exchange (LMX) relationship with each employee?

Employees stay on the track to success. Employees remain on the path to achieving their goals.

__________ : represent the values and norms that actually are exhibited or converted into employee behavior.- Represent the values that employees ascribe to an organization based on their observations of what occurs daily

Enacted values

__________: reflect the values and norms that actually are exhibited or converted into employee behavior.

Enacted values

____ : employees come to learn what the organization is really like

Encounter phase

group-oriented decision making

Encouraging group members to participate in decision making.

______ : represent the explicitly stated values and norms that are preferred by an organization

Espoused values

__________ represent the explicitly stated values and norms that are preferred by an organization.

Espoused values

value-based

Establishing a vision and supporting its accomplishment.

Bounded rationality is the idea that decision makers

Face various restrictions when making decisions

True or false: An assumption of the non rational decision making models is that mangers possess all of the information needed to make optimal decisions

False

True or false: Everyone should strive for a managerial or leadership role.

False

______________ : has an internal focus, which produces a more formalized and structured work environment and values stability and control over flexibility. - This orientation leads to the development of reliable internal processes, extensive measurement and the implementation of a variety of control mechanisms - Effectiveness in a company with this type of culture is likely to be assess with measure sof efficiency, timeliness, quality, safety and reliability of producing and delivering products and services

Hierarchy culture

How can managers become effective leaders?

Identify task-oriented traits and interpersonal attributes needed to lead. Gain perspective about different leadership behaviors their followers might need. Solicit feedback on leadership skills.

Evidence is used to ________ a decision whenever the decision process combines hard, objective facts with qualitative inputs

Inform

Ignores ethical implications

Inherent morality

Daniel Kahneman describes two types of thinking in his book Thinking, Fast and Slow. Why is System 1 "fast"?

It is automatic. It is instinctive. It relies on mental shortcuts.

Daniel Kahneman describes two types of thinking in his book Thinking, Fast and Slow. Why is System 1 "fast"?

It relies on mental shortcuts. It is instinctive. It is automatic.

Which of the following describe the behavioral styles theory of leadership?

Leader behaviors can be improved and developed Leader behavior is more important than traits There is no one best style of leadership

Why is the establishment of a positive vision of the future essential for applying transformational leadership?

Leaders can influence others by gaining consensus of the vision. The vision represents long-term goals. Communicating the vision promotes endorsement.

What must leaders do for their employees, according to path-goal theory?

Link rewards to goals. Reduce roadblocks. Provide guidance.

Who typically perform functions associated with investigating, organizing, and controlling as well as implementing an organization's vision and strategic plan?

Managers

Who typically perform functions associated with investigating, organizing, and controlling as well as implementing an organization's vision and strategic plan? Multiple choice question.

Managers

___________ : have a strong external focus and value stability and control. - Competition is the strategic thrust of these organizations. They have a strong desire to deliver results and accomplish goals - Customers and profits take precedence over employee development and satisfaction

Market culture

According to research, which of the following are differences found among men and women leadership roles?

Men are task-oriented, while women are relationship-oriented. Men use an autocratic style, while women use a participative style

According to research, which of the following are differences found among men and women leadership roles?

Men are task-oriented, while women are relationship-oriented. Men use an autocratic style, while women use a participative style.

________ : The process of forming and maintaining intensive and lasting developmental relationships between a variety of developers and a junior person

Mentoring

Protect themselves against adverse information

Mindguards

Practical guidelines derived from socialization research include which of the following?

New hires are positively affected by formalized socialization procedures. Socialization tactics can reinforce ethical behaviors. Different techniques are appropriate for different people at different times.

________: programs help employees to integrate, assimilate, and transition to new jobs by making them familiar with corporate policies, procedures, culture, and politics and by clarifying work-role expectations and responsibilities

Onboarding

__________ is a key mechanism used by organizations to embed their organizational cultures. It turns outsiders into fully functioning insiders.

Organization socialization

___________ : the set of shared, taken-for-granted implicit assumptions that a group holds and that determines how it perceives, thinks about and reacts to its various environments.

Organizational culture

___________ operates on three levels: 1. Observable artifacts 2. Espoused values 3. Basic underlying assumptions

Organizational culture

Select the mechanisms for changing organizational culture.

Organizational goals Work flow and organizational structure Rites and rituals Systems and procedures

All organization's culture fulfills four important fuctions

Organizational identity,Collective commitmen, Social system stability,sense-making device

__________ the process by which a person learns the values, norms, and required behaviors which permit him to participate as a member of the organization

Organizational socialization:

Why is it important to reflect on your own person-organization (P-O) fit?

P-O fit is closely connected to work attitudes and performance.

What term refers to the measure of compatibility between your personality and values and the climate and culture of an organization? Multiple choice question.

Person-organization fit

representation and networking

Presenting the work group in a positive light to others.

Which of the following often determine the development of subcultures?

Products and technologies Divisions or departments Occupational groups

work-facilitation

Providing counseling, mentoring, and coaching to assist employee development.

Bernard Bass associated which of the following behaviors with leaders?

Rallying employees around a common goal Creating vision and strategic plans Inspiring others

______ : involves giving recruits a realistic idea of what lies ahead by presenting both positive and negative aspects of the jobs

Realistic job preview

What must leaders do for their employees, according to path-goal theory?

Reduce roadblocks. Provide guidance. Link rewards to goals.

interaction-facilitation

Resolving disputes; facilitating communication.

What are the planned and unplanned activities and ceremonies that are used to celebrate important events or achievements called?

Rites and rituals

supportive

Showing concern for the well-being of employees.

Practical guidelines derived from socialization research include which of the following?

Socialization tactics can reinforce ethical behaviors. New hires are positively affected by formalized socialization procedures. Different techniques are appropriate for different people at different times.

How can managers become effective leaders?

Solicit feedback on leadership skills. Identify task-oriented traits and interpersonal attributes needed to lead. Gain perspective about different leadership behaviors their followers might need.

How can managers become effective leaders?

Solicit feedback on leadership skills. Gain perspective about different leadership behaviors their followers might need. Identify task-oriented traits and interpersonal attributes needed to lead.

In order to be successful decision makers, what should managers do?

Spark creativity among employees. Train employees to conduct effective brainstorming. Identify decision-making styles and build on strengths.

Which is not one of the four functions of organizational culture?

Sustainability

_______: represents " a company's ability to make a profit without sacrificing the resources of its people, the community and the planet

Sustainability

What are three things you can do to positively impact your personal and professional life?

Take ownership for enhancing your skills, abilities, and developmental networks. Asses your level of fit with current and future employers. Engage in regular contact with people in your developmental network.

Which of the following describe the behavioral styles theory of leadership?

There is no one best style of leadership Leader behavior is more important than traits Leader behaviors can be improved and developed

What are some of the managerial implications of transformational leadership?

Transformational leadership behavior works for geographically dispersed people, such as those working virtually. Establishment of a positive vision of the future provides a long-term goal for the organization and its staff. Effective leaders rely on task-oriented and relationship-oriented behaviors.

True or false: Consensus does not require unanimous agreement.

True

True or false: People's occupations and personality types influence their decision-making styles.

True

True or false: The goal of decision making is to find a solution that leads to a desired state of affairs.

True

What are key takeaways managers should remember for leadership effectiveness?

Try to develop positive relationships with all your followers. Experiment with a contingency approach toward leadership.

What are key takeaways managers should remember for leadership effectiveness?

Try to develop positive relationships with all your followers. Experiment with a contingency approach toward leadership.

What techniques can an individual use to develop leadership or managerial skills?

Understand your employer's expectations of leadership. Take responsibility for your relationship with your supervisor. Practice leadership behavior outside of work

What techniques can an individual use to develop leadership or managerial skills?

Understand your employer's expectations of leadership. Take responsibility for your relationship with your supervisor. Practice leadership behavior outside of work.

_____: represents a long-term goal that describes "what" an organization wants to become.

Vision

machiavellianism

a belief that the ends justify the means, maintenance of emotional distance, and use of manipulation

What is a key risk of neglecting to integrate subcultures within high-risk industries?

a failure to interpret and implement safety measures

leadership

a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal

position power

a source of influence associated with a particular job or position within an organization; also a leader's formal power to reward, punish, or otherwise obtain compliance from employees

a leader-member exchange relationship is also called

a vertical dyad (behavioral scientists use this terminology)

What type of leadership is exhibited in sustained displays of hostile verbal and nonverbal behavior?

abusive supervision

set challenging goals, emphasize excellence, and demonstrate confidence in employees' abilities

achievement-oriented behaviors

Research indicates that most managers have multiple decision-making styles and that those styles are based on:

age gender nationality

value-based behaviors

align and recognize

The phase of organizational socialization that occurs before an individual actually joins an organization is

anticipatory socialization

• Daniel Feldman proposed a three-phase model of socialization. The three phases are ...

anticipatory socialization, encounter, and change and acquisition.

The phase of organizational socialization that occurs before an individual actually joins an organization is

anticipatory socialization.

trait approach

attempts to identify personality characteristics or interpersonal attributes that differentiate leaders from followers

behavioral styles approach

attempts to identify the unique behaviors displayed by effective leaders

How can artificial intelligence (AI) help managers enhance business operations?

automating processes managing customer communications gaining insight through data analysis

Observable artifacts that can be present in a firm's culture are

awards manner of dress special parking spaces

understand their own strengths and limitations

awareness

What are some of the effects that employees face as a result of abusive supervision?

bad or abusive behavior decreased productivity job dissatisfaction

leader-member exchange (LMX theory)

based on the assumption that leaders develop unique one-to-one relationships (exchanges) with each of the people reporting to them

Which of the following can leaders engage in to promote psychological empowerment in employees?

behaviors that encourage self-determination behaviors that encourage employee competence behaviors that enhance perceptions of meaning

Which of the following is most likely to spark creativity?

being bored

Which of the following is most likely to spark creativity? Multiple choice question.

being bored

The nonrational model in which decision makers are limited by various constraints when making decisions is known as:

bounded rationality

A technique used for solving problems, generating creative ideas for new products, and removing performance roadblocks is:

brainstorming

A technique used to help groups generate ideas by silently and individually writing them down and then sharing them is:

brainstorming

foster cooperation and agreement both within and outside of the work organization

building community

How can an individual or group avoid making mistakes in the decision-making process?

by examining past decisions by reviewing past biases and influences by understanding judgmental heuristics

Five career functions that enhanced ___________ are - Sponsorship - Exposure and visibility - Coaching - Protection - Challenging assignments

career development

• Mentoring has two general functions: ______ and ______.

career psychosocial

achievement-oriented behaviors

challenge and encourage

Select career functions of mentoring.

challenging assignments protection exposure and visibility coaching sponsorship

Select career functions of mentoring.

challenging assignments sponsorship coaching protection exposure and visibility

A form of interpersonal attraction that inspires acceptance, devotion, and enthusiasm is called

charisma

What is a form of interpersonal attraction that inspires acceptance, devotion, and enthusiasm called?

charisma

What is a form of interpersonal attraction that inspires acceptance, devotion, and enthusiasm called? Multiple choice question.

charisma

Companies with a(n) _______ culture have an internal focus and value flexibility rather than stability and control.

clan

Companies with an internal focus with a value on flexibility rather than stability and control are said to have a(n) _____ culture.

clan

What is it called when a mentor provides advice to a protege about developing additional skills?

coaching

Select the four basic skills for leaders, according to your text.

cognitive abilities, business skills, strategic skills interpersonal skills

four basic skills leaders need

cognitive abilities, interpersonal skills, business skills, and strategic skills

The sense of "we-ness" that overrides individual differences and motives in a group is

cohesiveness

take a broad-based perspective and seek an appropriate balance between a short-term and long-term focus

conceptualization

supportive behaviors

concern and assistance

Select all of the core traits that are associated with leaders.

conscientiousness intelligence emotional stability

Leader behavior associated with creating mutual respect or trust with a focus on group members' needs and desires is called:

consideration

Leader behavior associated with creating mutual respect or trust with a focus on group members' needs and desires is called: Multiple choice question.

consideration

relationship-oriented behaviors

consideration, empowerment, servant-leadership, and ethical leadership

individualized consideration

consists of behaviors that provide support, encouragement, empowerment, and coaching to employees

Which theory posits that the situation decides the effectiveness of a particular style of leader behavior?

contingency

The situational theory which argues that a leader's effectiveness is dependent on how well a leader's style fits the situation at hand is called

contingency theory

The theory which states that leader behaviors are effective when employees view them as a source of satisfaction or as a way to future satisfaction is called - theory.

contingency theory

What is the theory that says a leader's effectiveness depends on how well a leader's style fits characteristics of the situation at hand?

contingency theory

What is the theory that says a leader's effectiveness depends on how well a leader's style fits characteristics of the situation at hand? Multiple choice question.

contingency theory

What is the theory that says a leader's effectiveness depends on how well a leader's style fits characteristics of the situation at hand?

contingency theory (reason: transactional leadership is a type of leadership that focuses on behaviors aimed at clarifying followers' goals and using rewards to manage follower performance)

group-oriented decision making behaviors

coordinate cooperation

•Mentoring serves to embed organizational culture for two reasons. First, mentoring contributes to creating a sense of oneness by promoting the acceptance of the organization's values. Second, the socialization aspect of mentoring promotes a sense of membership.

creating a sense of oneness by promoting acceptance of organizations values and socialization aspect of mentoring promotes membership

According to Edgar Schein, the most important role of an organization's leader is

creating and managing organizational culture

The joint novelty and usefulness of a product or service as judged by others is:

creative outcome effectiveness

The joint novelty and usefulness of a product or service as judged by others is: Multiple choice question.

creative outcome effectiveness

The process of producing new and useful ideas concerning products, services, processes, and procedures is:

creativity

According to many CEOs, corporate _______ is the key to making a company one of the best.

culture

Four truths about ________ 1. Leaders are the architects and developers of organizational culture a. This suggests that culture is not determined by fate and is formed and shaped by the ongoing behavior of everyone who works at a company 2. Changing culture starts with targeting one of the three levels of organizational culture observable artifacts, espoused values, and basic underlying assumptions a. Fastest way to start a culture change project is through the use of observable artifacts 3. Consider how closely the current culture aligns with the organization's vision and strategic plan 4. Use a structured approach when implementing culture change

culture change

Twelve mechanisms for creating __________ 1.Formal statements: this method relies on using formal statements of organizational philospogy, mission, vision, values and materials used for recruiting selection and socialization 2.Design of physical space, work environments and buildings 3.Slogans, language, acronyms and sayings 4.Deliberate role modeling, training programs, teaching and coaching by others 5.Explicit rewards, status symbols and promotion criteria 6.Stories, legends, or myths about key people and events 7.Organizational activates, processes or outcomes 8.Leader reactions to critical incidents and organizational crises 9.Rites and rituals: represent the planned and unplanned activities and ceremonies that are used to celebrate important events or achievements 10.The workflow and organizational structure 11.Organizational systems and procedures 12.Organizational goals and criteria throughout the employee cycle

culture change

•There are four caveats about_______. First, leaders are the architects and developers of organizational culture. Second, the process of culture change begins with targeting the three layers of culture. Third, culture needs to be aligned with a company's vision and strategic plan. Finally, it is important to use a structured approach when implementing culture change.

culture change

What is one thing managers can do to improve their decision making?

d decision-making biases by becoming aware of them.

The assumptions behind nonrational models of decision making are that:

decision makers lack complete information managers struggle to make the best decisions decision making lacks certainty

When you pinpoint and pick a solution that best solves a problem, this is:

decision making

What graphical representation of the process underlying decisions shows the consequences of making various choices?

decision tree

In terms of leadership, women use a more ______ style while men use a more ______ style

democratic; autocratic

In terms of leadership, women use a more ______ style while men use a more ______ style.

democratic; autocratic

path-goal clarifying behaviors

describe goals and expectations

Which two activities are included in the decision-making process?

determining alternative solutions choosing from among alternative solutions

The first two steps in the rational decision making model are:

determining the issue at hand generating alternative solutions

The trait approach to leadership

distinguishes the characteristics that can be used to separate leaders from followers

trait approach to leadership

distinguishes the characteristics that can be used to separate leaders from followers

According to behavioral styles theory, leader behavior is more important than leader traits when it comes to _______. Multiple choice question.

effectiveness

One of the conclusions of the competing values framework is that organizational culture is related to measures of organizational

effectiveness

Select all of the core traits that are associated with leaders.

emotional stability, conscientiousness, and intelligence

work to understand others' feelings and emotions. an individual's good intentions are assumed, even when he or she performs poorly.

empathy

represents the extent to which a leader creates perceptions of psychological empowerment in others.

empowering leadership

Select the relationship oriented leader behaviors.

empowerment, consideration, servant-leadership, and ethical leadership

intellectual stimulation

encourages employees to question the status quo and to seek innovative and creative solutions to organizational problems

What are some of the positive effects of CEO humility on employees?

engagement, performance, and commitment

Which of the following are goals of relationship-oriented leadership?

enhancing employees' skills creating positive work relationships between employees and their leaders creating positive work relationships among coworkers

Which type of leadership revolves around being a moral role model?

ethical leadership

The process of conscientiously using the best available data when making managerial decisions is:

evidence-based decision making

Select the three emotional responses followers want leaders to foster.

excitement community significance

Select all of the interpersonal attributes, whether positive or negative, that leaders may possess.

extraversion agreeableness narcissism Machiavellianism

Bounded rationality is the idea that decision makers:

face various restrictions when making decisions

True or false: Everyone should strive for a managerial or leadership role.

false!

transactional leadership

focuses on clarifying employees' role and task requirements and providing followers with positive and negative rewards contingent on performance

transformational leadership

focuses on clarifying employees' role and task requirements and providing followers with positive and negative rewards contingent on performance

servant-leadership

focuses on increased service to others rather than to oneself

consider the future implications of today's actions

foresight

What are some of the characteristics that followers look for in leaders?

fostering a sense of unity, making them feel engaged at work, and treating others with respect

What do many CEOs believe is the essence of the best companies?

great company culture

Consideration involves leader behaviors associated with creating mutual respect with a focus on what?

group members' needs and wants

pose problems rather than solutions to the workgroup, encourage group members to participate in decision making, provide necessary information to the group for analysis, and involve knowledgeable employees in decision making

group-oriented decision making behaviors

When people who are members of a cohesive in-group so strive for unanimity that they fail to realistically appraise alternative courses of action it is:

groupthink

Which of the following are skills that people should possess to be good leaders?

have business skills work well with all different kinds of people come up with solutions quickly with limited information

Which of the following are skills that people should possess to be good leaders?

have business skills, come up with solutions quickly with limited information, and work well with all different kinds of people

Important takeaways from trait theory include that:

having a "global mindset" is important, it can be, important to hiring and promoting decisions traits impact leader effectiveness

narcissism

having a grandiose sense of self-importance; requiring or even demanding excessive admiration; having a sense of entitlement; lacking empathy; and tending to be exploitative, manipulative, and arrogant

People who have the behavioral style of decision making can be characterized as:

having a hard time saying no to others working well with others avoiding conflict

seek to make themselves and others whole in the face of failure or suffering

healing

What are the three types of potential followers?

helpers, rebels, independents

humble leaders tend to display five key qualities valued by employees:

high self-awareness, openness to feedback, appreciation of others, low self-focus, and appreciation of a greater good

path-goal theory

holds that leader behaviors are effective when employees view them as a source of satisfaction or as paving the way to future satisfaction

Which of the following are steps in the general strategy of applying contingency leadership theories?

identify important outcomes identify situational conditions identify relevant leadership behaviors

The idea that people have beliefs about how leaders should behave and what they should do for their followers is called ______ leadership theory. Multiple choice question.

implicit

The idea that people have beliefs about how leaders should behave and what they should do for their followers is called ______ leadership theory.

implicit leadership theory

Evidence-based decision making holds the promise of:

improving performance avoiding decision-making biases

Select the types of task-oriented leadership.

initiating structure transactional leadership

Successfully attracting commitment, energizing workers, and creating meaning in employees' lives are the result of what type of motivation?

inspirational motivation

The use of charisma to establish an attractive vision of the future, using emotional arguments and exhibiting optimism and enthusiasm is called

inspirational motivation

what function is a leader most likely to perform that a manager would not

inspiring

Select all of the core traits that are associated with leaders. Multiple select question.

intelligence emotional stability conscientiousness

resolve disputes, facilitate communication, encourage sharing of opinions and emphasize collaboration and teamwork, and encourage close relationships among employees

interaction-facilitation behaviors

leader behaviors include/are

interaction-facilitation, group-oriented decision making, representation and networking, value-based

What are some of the effects that employees face as a result of abusive supervision?

job dissatisfaction decreased productivity bad or abusive behavior

When workers take an assignment in a foreign country, they often experience different socialization activities than other newcomers. This affects which of the following for those expatriates?

job satisfaction long-term success

What are the cognitive shortcuts used to simplify the decision making process called?

judgmental heuristics

According to a recent study, which of the following was found to deplete your human capital?

lack of sleep

Bernard Bass concluded that leaders manage, and managers do what?

lead

Bernard Bass concluded that leaders manage, and managers do what? Multiple choice question.

lead

consideration

leader behavior that creates mutual respect or trust and prioritizes group members' needs and desires

initiating structure

leader behavior that organizes and defines what group members should be doing to maximize output

Which of the following can be systematically improved and developed?

leader behaviors

Which of the following can be systematically improved and developed? Multiple choice question.

leader behaviors

What theory presupposes that leaders will develop one-to-one relationships with each of the people reporting to them?

leader-member exchange (LMX)

What theory presupposes that leaders will develop one-to-one relationships with each of the people reporting to them? Multiple choice question.

leader-member exchange (LMX)

The theory that assumes leaders will develop unique personal relationships with each of their direct reports is called

leader-member exchange theory

What are some of the individual-level behavioral outcomes associated with high level leader-member exchange (LMX) relationships?

less employee turnover AND greater employee engagement in organizational citizenship

Low leader-member relationships result in out-group exchanges that are characterized by:

less trust and respect, more formality in reward negotiations, and more formality in expectations

What are some tips for sparking creativity?

lying on the beach taking a walk doing "nothing"

Satisficing means that managers:

make a decision that is good enough make a decision that is satisfactory, but not optimal

Satisficing means that managers: Multiple select question.

make a decision that is good enough make a decision that is satisfactory, but not optimal

Who typically perform functions associated with investigating, organizing, and controlling as well as implementing an organization's vision and strategic plan?

managers

The competing values framework teaches us that companies with a _______ culture tend to have more positive organizational outcomes.

market

One lesson from the competing values framework is that innovation and operational outcomes are linked to characteristics associated with which of the following cultures?

market clan adhocracy

least preferred coworker (LPC) scale

measures the extent to which an individual takes a task or relationship-based approach toward leadership

The process of forming and maintaining an intensive and lasting developmental relationship between a variety of developers and a junior person is call

mentoring

Proper _______ can create a sense of oneness and membership in a firm and thus significantly influence the protege's career.

mentoring or mentorship

• Current models of _____it as a developmental network of relationships that help people to learn and develop.

mentoring view

Researchers determine leadership characteristics by using a statistical procedure called ________ , which computes an average relationship between two variables

meta-analysis

Research indicates that most managers have multiple decision-making styles and that those styles are based on: Multiple select question.

nationality age gender

Select employee characteristics in the path-goal theory model.

need for clarity, need for achievement, locus of control task ability, experience

What models of decision making explain how managers really come to decisions?

nonrational

ethical leadership

normatively appropriate behavior that focuses on being a moral role model

The first level of organizational culture is _______ artifacts.

observable

•The three levels of organizational culture are ....

observable artifacts, espoused values, and basic underlying assumptions.

psychological empowerment

occurs when employees feel a sense of meaning, competence, self-determination, and impact at work. reflects employees' belief that they have control over their work

What are some of the qualities of humble leaders that employees value? Multiple select question.

openness to feedback appreciation of the greater good self-awareness appreciation of others

What are some of the qualities of humble leaders that employees value? Multiple select question.

openness to feedback appreciation of others appreciation of the greater good self-awareness

Organizational identity, collective commitment, social system stability and sense-making device are the four functions of _______ culture

organizational

- It identifies four fundamental types of ________ o Clan Collaborate o Adhocracy create o Hierarchy control o Market compete

organizational culture

Four characteristics of ___________ - Shared concept - Learned over time - Influences our behavior at work - Impacts outcomes at multiple levels

organizational culture

Outcomes associated with ___________ - Both managers and academic researchers believe that organizational culture can drive employee attitudes, performance and organizational effectiveness thereby leading to competitive advantage

organizational culture

The set of implicit assumptions that a group holds and that determines how it perceives, thinks about, and reacts to its various environments is called

organizational culture

•There are five conclusions about outcomes associated with_____________ (1) culture is related to measures of organizational effectiveness; (2) employees are more satisfied and committed to companies with clan cultures; (3) innovation and quality can be increased by building characteristics associated with clan, adhocracy, and market cultures; (4) an organization's financial performance is not strongly related to culture; and (5) companies with market cultures tend to have more positive organizational outcomes.

organizational culture:

Four functions of organizational culture are ...

organizational identity, collective commitment, social system stability, and a device for sense-making.

The process by which a person learns the values, norms and required behaviors which permit him to participate as a member of the organization is called

organizational socialization

work-facilitation behaviors

organize, plan, and coach

The bias that takes place because we are optimistic based on overestimates of what we are able to do is:

overconfidence bias

What is it called when decision makers overestimate their skills relative to those of other participants?

overconfidence bias

Select the leader behaviors in the integrated model of leadership.

passive, transformational, relationship-oriented task-oriented

Which theory states that leader behaviors are effective when employees see them as a source of satisfaction?

path-goal

provide guidance on how employees can meet expectations and reinforce using positive and negative consequences

path-goal clarifying behaviors

types of leader behaviors

path-goal clarifying, achievement-oriented, work-facilitation, and supportive

The theory which states that leader behaviors are effective when employees view them as a source of satisfaction or as a way to future satisfaction is called

path-goal theory

What are some of the positive effects of CEO humility on employees?

performance engagement commitment

The extent to which your personality and values match the climate and culture in an organization is called:

person-organization fit

There are six key implications with ______ and__________ -You should foster a broad developmental network because the number and quality of your contacts will influence your career success -Look to the consistency or congruence between your career goals and the type of developmental netowkr as your disposal -A developer's willingness to provide career and psychosocial assistance depends on the protégé ability and potential and the quality of the interpersonal relationship -Become proficient at using social networking tools such as twitter -Develop a mentoring plan -Incorporate mentoring into the organization's leadership development programs

personal, organizational implications

rely more on persuasion than positional authority

persuasion

Characteristics of the rational decision-making model include the assumption that managers:

possess all information needed to make the best decision are objective

The ability to marshal human, informational, and other resources to get something done is:

power

A ______ is the divide between an actual and a desired situation

problem

When there is a difference between what is desired and the actual situation, it is a(n): Multiple choice question.

problem

What do leaders want from followers?

productivity, reliability, honesty, and flexibility

Which of the following are characteristics of ethical leadership?

projecting ethical values to others rewarding ethical behavior treating employees with concern

representation and networking behaviors

promote and connect

contingency theories of leadership

propose that the effectiveness of a particular style of leader behavior depends on the situation // it's based on the premise that a leader's effectiveness is contingent on the extent to which the leader's style matches characteristics of the situation at hand

implicit leadership theory

proposes that people have beliefs about how leaders should behave and what they should do for their followers

The decision-making model that assumes managers are fully objective and have all the data needed is the:

rational decision model

When all members of a group either agree with a decision or are able to support it, they have:

reached consensus

Select the leader behaviors in the integrated model of leadership.

relationship-oriented transformational task-oriented passive

What are the four categories of unique leader behaviors?

relationship-oriented, transformational, task-oriented passive

present the workgroup in a positive light to others, maintain positive relationships with influential others, and participate in organization-wide social functions and ceremonies

representation and networking behaviors

empowering leadership

represents the leader's ability to create perceptions of psychological empowerment in others

Analytical decision makers are those who:

respond well to new situations consider as many facts as possible tolerate ambiguity well

What are some of the qualities of humble leaders that employees value?

self-awareness, appreciation of others, appreciation of the greater good, and openness to feedback

A focus on increased service to others rather than oneself is called:

servant-leadership

achievement-oriented

setting challenging goals

interaction-facilitation behaviors

sharing and communicating

followers seek, admire, and respect leaders who foster three emotional responses in others:

significance, community, and excitement

What refers to the amount of influence and control leaders have in their immediate work environment?

situational control

There are six __________tactics. They are collective versus individual, formal versus informal, sequential versus random, fixed versus variable, serial versus disjunctive, and investiture versus divestiture.

socialization

assume responsibility for the people and resources they manage

stewardship

Select the four basic skills for leaders, according to your text.

strategic skills cognitive abilities interpersonal skills business skills

Culture "eats" which of the following for breakfast?

strategy

Select leader behaviors in the path-goal theory model.

supportive, achievement oriented, and value based

What are some tips for sparking creativity?

taking a walk doing "nothing" lying on the beach

According to Fiedler, a leader's style is either ________ as he or she is focused on accomplishing goals or _______ as he or she is more interested in developing relations with followers.

task-motivated OR relationship-motivated

According to Fiedler, the two leadership styles are:

task-oriented and relationship-oriented

Effective leadership is affected by a combination of

task-oriented traits and interpersonal attributes

task structure

the amount of structure contained within tasks performed by the work group

global mind-set (global mindset)

the belief in one's ability to influence dissimilar others in a global context

Contingency theories propose that the effectiveness of a particular style of leader behavior depends on what factor?

the situation

Contingency theories propose that the effectiveness of a particular style of leader behavior depends on what factor? Multiple choice question.

the situation

abusive supervision

the sustained display of hostile verbal and nonverbal behavior by managers

Picking a solution is which step in the rational decision making process?

third

idealized influence

to instill pride, respect, and trust within employees

What are the three ways managers use evidence or data in the decision-making process?

to support a decision to make a decision to inform a decision

The extent to which a person has a high need for structure and control in his or her life is known as:

tolerance for ambiguity

Trying to identify personality characteristics that can be used to figure out who is better at leading and who is better at following is the ________ to leadership

trait approach

Trying to identify the personality characteristics or interpersonal attributes that can differentiate leaders from followers is called: Multiple choice question.

trait approach

According to _________, organizations should consider using personality and trait assessments in the selection and promotion process.

trait theory

Important takeaways from trait theory include that:

traits impact leader effectiveness it can be important to hiring and promoting decisions having a "global mindset" is important

Select the types of task-oriented leadership.

transactional leadership initiating structure

Select the types of task-oriented leadership

transactional leadership initiating structure

Leaders who are _______ use behaviors that appeal to followers' self-concepts.

transformational

Which type of leaders appeal to their followers to pursue organizational goals over self-interests?

transformational

Which type of leaders appeal to their followers to pursue organizational goals over self-interests? Multiple choice question.

transformational

What are the four categories of unique leader behaviors?

transformational relationship-oriented task-oriented passive

Select the leader behaviors in the integrated model of leadership. Multiple select question.

transformational task-oriented passive relationship-oriented

By appealing to followers' values, motives, and personal identity, ________ leaders transform followers to pursue organizational goals over self-interests.

transformational leaders

High LMX relationships create which of the following?

trust AND mutual obligation

The extent to which an individual focuses on either task and technical concerns or people and social concerns in making decisions is:

value orientation

The model of decision-making styles is based on which of the following dimensions?

value orientation tolerance for ambiguity

establish a vision, display passion for it, and support its accomplishment; demonstrate self-confidence, communicate high performance expectations and confidence in others' abilities to meet their goals

value-based behaviors

What do behavioral scientists call a leader-member exchange relationship?

vertical dyad

What practical consideration might result in an individual rather than the whole group making a decision?

when there is limited time to make the decision

What practical consideration might result in an individual rather than the whole group making a decision? Multiple choice question.

when there is limited time to make the decision

plan, schedule, organize, and coordinate the work; provide mentoring, coaching, counseling, and feedback to assist employees in developing their skills. also provide resources and empower employees to take actions and make decisions

work-facilitation behaviors

The tendency to stick to an ineffective course of action when it is unlikely that a bad situation can be reversed is

Escalation of commitment bias

The process of conscientiously using the best available data when making managerial decisions

Evidence-based decision making

The process of producing new and useful ideas concerning products, services, processes, and procedures is

creativity

Decisions that come to mind on their own and are not evaluated for validity are known as ________

intuition

A holistic hunch can be described as

1. A judgment based on subconscious synthesis of memories 2. A decision that just feels right

Which of the following are characteristics of people with the conceptual decision making style?

1. A long term perspective 2. A broad perspective 3. They rely on intuition

Automated experiences are based on

1. A partly subconscious applying of information that was previously learned 2. Well known situations

Research has found that key decision-making errors include

1. Allocating resources poorly to study alternatives 2. Making a quick decision without looking at all available information 3. Selecting a solution without considering alternatives

People who have a directive decision style

1. Are decisive and action oriented 2. Like to focus on facts

Characteristics of the rational decision-making model include the assumption that mangers

1. Are objective 2. Possess all information needed to make the best decision

People who have the behavioral style of decision making can be characterized as

1. Avoiding conflict 2. Having a hard time saying not to others 3. Working well with others

Evidence-based decision making holds the promise of

1. Avoiding decision-making biases 2. Improving performance

Factors that have led to decision support systems include

1. Big data 2. Advances in information technology 3. Globalization of organizations

Which of the following are techniques for preventing groupthink

1. Bring in outside experts 2. Appoint a devils advocate 3. Encourage subgroup debates

Some tips for sparking creativity include

1. Daydreaming 2. Solving problems when you're groggy 3. Putting effort into it

The assumptions behind non rational models of decision making are that

1. Decision makers lack competence information 2. Decision making lacks certainty 3. Managers struggle to make the best decisions

Which of the following activities ar included in the decision making process?

1. Determining alternative solutions 2. Picking alternative solutions

Which of the following should be considered in asserting the feasibility of an alternative?

1. Does the time permit? 2. Are customers resistant?

A group that is comfortable with minority dissent is more likely to

1. Experience job satisfaction 2. Relative positively to group participation

Examples of internal resources that constrain decision making process in the non rational model include

1. Human and social capital 2. Technology and financial capital

List the four steps in the rational decision making model with the first step in the process at the top and last step on the bottom

1. Identify the issue 2. Come up with potential solutions 3. Evaluate the possibilities and select a solution 4. Put the solution into practice and evaluate it

Confirmation bias has which of the following components?

1. Information is sought that confirms the already made decision and discounts information that does not 2. A decisions is made before investigating it

Suggestions for ways to make better decisions include

1. Investigating a greater number of potential solutions 2. Slowing down when making decisions 3. Considering a borader set of alternatives

List the steps in Bagley's ethical decision tree with the first question on the top and the last question on the bottom

1. Is the proposed action legal? 2. Does it maximize shareholder value? 3. Is it ethical to take this action? 4. Would it be ethical to not take this action?

What can managers do if the chosen alternative fails to eliminate the gap between the desired and actual situation?

1. Keep trying all alternatives that are feasible 2. Return to the problem identification step in the model 3. Try implementing a different alternative

Satisficing means that managers

1. Make a decision that is good enough 2. Make a decision that is satisfactory, but not optimal

Managerscan reduce the likelihood of escalation of commitment bias if they

1. Make decision makers aware of the costs of persistence 2. Set minimum targets for performance and compare results to targets

Which of the assumptions of the rational decision-making model are faulty?

1. Managers have complete information 2. Managers leave emotion out of their decision 3. Managers have all of the resources needed to make rational decisions

Person factors that drive creative performance include

1. Motivation to apply relevant knowledge 2. Domain relevant knowledge 3. Willingness to tolerate ambiguity

Research has found certain situational characteristics that drive creativity include

1. Positive relationships with coworkers 2. Mutual accountability 3. Interpersonal diversity

A decision tree can be described as

1. Showing the process underlying decisions 2. Showing the consequences of making decisions

The disadvantages of group decision making include

1. Social pressure reduces creativity 2. Goal displacement 3. A few people dominate

Expertise is the combination of which of the following?

1. Tactic knowledge 2. Explicit knowledge

When you rely on intuition, which of the following are lacking?

1. The conscious awareness of the evoking cues 2. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the evoking cues

The model of decision-making styles is based on which of the following dimensions?

1. Tolerance for ambiguity 2. Value orientation

Analytical decision makers are those who

1. Tolerate ambiguity well 2. Respond well to new situations 3. Consider as many facts as possible

Big data, the vast quantity of data available to decision makers, can

1. allow for more narrow segmentation of customers 2. Enhance productivity 3. Make information more transparent and usable

People who have a high tolerance for ambiguity and focus on tasks and technical concerns have which of the following decision making styles?

Analytical

When decision makers are influenced by the first information they receive even if it is irrelevant, it is

Anchoring bias

People who prefer to avoid conflict and focus strongly on people and the social aspects of a work situation have the ________ style of decision making

Behavioral

The joint novelty and usefulness of a product or service as judged by others is

Creative outcome effectiveness

People who have a low tolerance for ambiguity and are task oriented when making decisions have which decision-making style?

Directive

People with a ______ decision-making style have a low tolerance for ambiguity and are oriented toward tasks

Directive

A form of __________ brainstorming known as brain writing allows participants to submit their ideas over a computer network

Electronic

When managers are using the rational model and optimizing as they make decisions, they are doing which of the following?

Finding the idea solution

When winning an argument with a rival overshadows the primary goal of trying to solve the problem, it is known as _________ ___________

Goal displacement

When people who are members of a cohesive in-group so strive for unanimity that they fall to realistically appraise alternative courses of action it is

Groupthink

When you make a decision that comes to mind without clear awareness or evaluation of the evoking cues, this is

Intuition

The intuition model is based on two distinct processes: an _________ and one a __________ one that is its opposite

Involuntary Voluntary

Test your intuitive success rate

Look at the times you relied on your intuition, calculate your success rate, and assess the reasons why your intuition was wrong at times

The ___ ______ models of decision making explain how managers really come to decisions

Non rational

An __________ is a situation in which it is possible to do something that eclipses expectations

Opportunity

The bias that takes place because we are optimistic based on overestimates of what we are able to do is

Overconfidence bias

Loyalty of dissenters is questioned

Peer pressure

If a chosen solution fails to solve the problem, mangers can return to the __________ ____________ stage of the model

Problem identification

Decision follow more logically from available knowledge

Quality

Protects "pet" ideas and assumptions

Rationalization

When all members of a group either agree with a decision or are able to support it, they have

Reached consensus

Trust judgements based on intuition

Rely on your feelings including your gut feel

The decision-making heuristic used when people estimate the probability of an event occurring based on impressions about similar occurrences is

Representative bias

It discourages decisions based on personal or bureaucratic considerations

Responsibility

Deciding to choose a solution that meets enough minimum qualifications is

Satisficing

Deciding to select a solution that meets some minimum, adequate qualifications is __________

Satisficing

Underestimates opponents

Stereotyped views of the opposition

Challenge your intuition

Test your intuition and hunches by forming counterarguments

The group process that anonymously generates ideas or judgments from physically dispersed experts is

The Delphi technique

The extent to which a person has a high need for structure and control in his or her life is known as

Tolerance for ambiguity

The reasoning behind a decision is available for scrutiny

Transparency

True or False: The goal of decision making is to find a solution that leads to a desired state of affairs

True

The extent to which an individual focuses on either task and technical concerns or people and social concerns in making decisions is

Value orientation

Judgmental heuristics are the ____________ shortcuts we use to simplify the decision making process

cognitive

A decision tree is a graphical representation of the process underlying decisions that shows the __________ of making various choices

consequences

The way an individual perceives stimuli and the general manner in which he or she responds to it is a __________-_______ style

decision-making

When you can possibly produce results that surpass goals, it is an

opportunity

If a chosen solution fails to solve the problem, managers can return to the __________ _____________ stage of the model

problem identification

The decision making model that assumes managers are fully objective and have all information they need to make a decision is the ______ decision model

rational