OB - Chapter 11: Chapter 10 Ch 12, Ch. 17 & 18 Practice Questions
During a prenatal visit, the nurse inspects the skin of the client's abdomen. Which of the following would the nurse identify as an abnormal finding? a) Bruising b) Darkening of the umbilicus c) Linea nigra d) Striae
Bruising
To prepare his 4-year-old son for a new baby, which of the following statements would you suggest a father use? a) "Mother will need to spend a lot of time with the new baby." b) "A new baby will make our family bigger but not change our love for you." c) "The new baby will need your bed so we're buying you a new one." d) "It will be fun to have a sister or brother to give your old toys to."
"A new baby will make our family bigger but not change our love for you."
A pregnant patient in the first trimester asks the nurse about taking medications while she is pregnant. She tells the nurse that she heard that it can be harmful to the fetus if medications are taken at certain times during pregnancy. What is the best response by the nurse? a) "As long as you are past 4 weeks of pregnancy, you should be able to take most medications." b) "You cannot drink alcohol, but you can take some medications, such as cold preparations and over-the-counter medications." c) "Exposure to certain substances during the embryonic phase may be harmful to the developing fetus." d) "There is no need for you to worry; you are not far enough along in your pregnancy for this to be a problem."
"Exposure to certain substances during the embryonic phase may be harmful to the developing fetus."
A pregnant woman is experiencing morning sickness. Which of the following responses indicates a need for further teaching? a) "I'll avoid an empty stomach." b) "I'll eat frequent small servings of bland foods." c) "I'll take antacid between meals." d) "I'll snack on unsalted cracker."
"I'll take antacid between meals."
At 40 weeks gestation, a woman in for her prenatal visits states to the nurse "I am tired of being pregnant". What is the appropriate response by the nurse? a) "Are you getting enough rest? If you don't take time for rest, that is why you might be tired." b) "Most woman would have asked to be induced by this point, is that what you want?" c) "That is a very normal feeling, especially at this point in pregnancy." d) "Do you need to speak with someone about your feelings?"
"That is a very normal feeling, especially at this point in pregnancy."
The nurse is teaching a prenatal class about preparing for their expanding families. Which of the following is helpful advice from the nurse? a) "Caring for your new infant is instinctual and will come naturally to you." b) "Your old coping methods will adequately get you through this period of adjustment." c) "Expect your other children to react positively to their new brother/sister." d) "The hormones of pregnancy may cause anxiety or depression postpartum."
"The hormones of pregnancy may cause anxiety or depression postpartum."
A client at 36 weeks' gestation comes in for her weekly physician visit. She tells the nurse, "I am having contractions, but they are irregular and go away when I rest. Do you think I am going into labor?" The best response by the nurse would be: a) "These are called Braxton-Hicks contractions and are preparing your body for labor but are not 'true' labor contractions." b) "It is too early for you too be in labor. Something may be wrong with the pregnancy." c) "I think we better send you to the hospital for admission. You could be in labor." d) "I think you are going into labor. We may need to give you medications to stop the contractions."
"These are called Braxton-Hicks contractions and are preparing your body for labor but are not 'true' labor contractions."
Amanda is about 16 weeks pregnant and is concerned because she feels her "abdomen" contracting. She calls the doctors office and speaks to the nurse. What is the most appropriate response to Amanda's concern? a) "You have nothing to be concerned about. I am sure you are not feeling contractions at this point in your pregnancy." b) "You need to go to the emergency room right away." c) "You need to come to the office to be examined." d) "What you are feeling are called Braxton Hicks contractions. They are considered practice contractions during pregnancy."
"What you are feeling are called Braxton Hicks contractions. They are considered practice contractions during pregnancy."
A student nurse asks the instructor about maternal pulse and blood pressure changes during the prenatal period. Which of the following responses from the nurse about cardiovascular changes during the first and second trimesters is accurate? a) "Women experience increased pulse rate and blood pressure." b) "Women experience increased pulse rate and decreased blood pressure." c) "Women experience decreased pulse rate and increased blood pressure." d) "Women experience no change in pulse rate or blood pressure."
"Women experience increased pulse rate and decreased blood pressure."
A client in her second trimester of pregnancy arrives at the health care facility for a routine follow-up visit. The nurse is required to educate the client so that the client knows what to expect during her second trimester. Which of the following information should the nurse offer? a) "You may have mood swings that could overwhelm your partner." b) "You will experience quickening, and you will actually feel the baby." c) "You will be more conscious of the changes taking place in your body now." d) "You may feel physical discomfort as the baby inside grows."
"You will experience quickening, and you will actually feel the baby."
A pregnant client is scheduled to undergo chorionic villi sampling (CVS) to rule out any birth defects. Ideally, when should this testing be completed? a) 7-9 weeks of gestation b) 4-5 weeks of gestation c) 5-6 weeks of gestation d) 10-12 weeks of gestation
10-12 weeks of gestation
A nurse should teach a client who is pregnant for the first time that she should be able to feel the baby move at about how many weeks gestation? a) 14 to 16 b) 10 to 12 c) 12 to 14 d) 18 to 20
18 to 20
A woman's prepregnant weight is within the normal range. During her second trimester, the nurse would determine that the woman is gaining the appropriate amount of weight when her weight increases by which amount per week? a) 1.5 lb b) 2/3 lb c) 2 lb d) 1 lb
1 lb
A woman in her first trimester of pregnancy is concerned about the effect that pregnancy will have on her appearance. She is fit but underweight, and she plans to restrict her weight gain as much as possible during pregnancy. How much weight do you advise her to gain? a) 28 to 40 pounds b) 15 to 25 pounds c) 16 to 30 pounds d) 25 to 30 pounds
28 to 40 pounds
A client comes to the prenatal clinic for a follow-up examination. When assessing the breasts, which of the following would the nurse expect to find? Select all that apply. a) Hyperpigmentation of the nipple b) Pallor of the areolae c) Increased sensitivity d) Prominent veins e) Warmth
• Prominent veins • Hyperpigmentation of the nipple • Increased sensitivity
The blood volume in pregnant women increases by what percent? a) 40-50 percent b) 30-40 percent c) 20-30 percent d) 10-20 percent
40-50 percent
Before becoming pregnant, a woman's heart rate averaged 72 beats per minute. The woman is now 15 weeks pregnant. The nurse would expect this woman's heart rate to be approximately: a) 95 beats per minute b) 90 beats per minute c) 100 beats per minute d) 85 beats per minute
85 beats per minute
At her 16-week checkup, a patient's blood pressure is slightly decreased from her pre-pregnancy level. You evaluate this change based on which of the following statements concerning blood pressure during pregnancy? a) Normally, blood pressure increases steadily throughout pregnancy. b) Blood pressure remains stable until decreasing the day of the delivery. c) Blood pressure progressively decreases throughout the entire pregnancy. d) A decrease in the second trimester may occur because of placental growth.
A decrease in the second trimester may occur because of placental growth.
Many factors influence how a woman adapts psychologically to pregnancy. What is the psychological adaptation the woman must come to terms with during the second trimester? a) Prepare for labor and delivery b) Accept the pregnancy c) Prepare for parenthood d) Accept the baby
Accept the baby
Which of the following tasks is the most important task of the first trimester of pregnancy? a) Making plans for the baby. b) Accepting a coming child. c) Sharing time with a significant other. d) Accepting the pregnancy.
Accepting the pregnancy.
A feeling expressed by most women upon learning they are pregnant is: a. Acceptance b. Depression c. Jealousy d. Ambivalence
Ambivalence
Question: Place the following events in the sequence the pregnant woman would experience them, from first to last. 1. Amennorhea 2. Quickening 3. Braxton Hicks contractions 4. Uterine enlargement 5. Labor
Amennorhea Uterine enlargement Quickening Braxton Hicks contractions Labor
A woman in the second trimester of pregnancy reports that she is "tired all the time." She appears pale and her hematocrit, though within the normal range, is low. Which recommendation would be most helpful for this woman? a) A calcium supplement b) More seafood and organ meats in her diet c) More meat in her diet d) An iron supplement
An iron supplement
A friend tells you that she is going to use a home pregnancy test to determine whether she is pregnant. Which of the following precautions would you give her? a) Use a diluted urine specimen. b) Arrange for prenatal care if the test is positive. c) Refrain from eating for 4 hours before testing. d) Wait until after two missed menstrual periods.
Arrange for prenatal care if the test is positive.
During a routine antepartal visit, a pregnant woman reports a white thick vaginal discharge. Which of the following would the nurse do next? a) Check the discharge for evidence of ruptured membranes. b) Tell the woman that this is entirely normal. c) Ask the woman if she is having any itching or irritation. d) Advise the woman about the need to culture the discharge.
Ask the woman if she is having any itching or irritation.
A woman in her third trimester shows the nurse a narrow, brown line that has formed on her abdomen, running from her belly button down to her pubic region. She expresses concern about this and asks the nurse whether it is normal. The nurse explains that this is a normal occurrence of pregnancy and that it results from the release of melanocyte-stimulating hormone from the pituitary, causing the appearance of extra pigmentation on the skin. This phenomenon is known as which of the following? a) Linea nigra b) Diastasis c) Striae gravidarum d) Melasma
Linea nigra
A pregnant client complains of an increase in a thick, whitish vaginal discharge. Which of the following information should a nurse provide to this client? a) Such discharge is normal during pregnancy. b) Refrain from any sexual activity. c) Consult physician for fungal infection. d) Use local antifungal agents regularly.
Such discharge is normal during pregnancy.
Which of the following changes related to the vital signs is expected in pregnant women? a) Pulse decreases. b) Blood pressure decreases. c) Lung space increases. d) Temperature decreases.
Blood pressure decreases.
As a pregnant woman lies on the examining table, she grows very short of breath and dizzy. This phenomenon probably happens because a) Her cerebral arteries are growing congested with blood b) Sympathetic nerve responses cause dyspnea when a woman lies supine c) The uterus requires more blood in a supine position d) Blood is trapped in the vena cava in a supine position
Blood is trapped in the vena cava in a supine position
Positive signs of pregnancy are diagnostic, meaning nothing else can elicit that sign except pregnancy. What is the earliest positive sign of pregnancy? a) Finding of hCG in the blood b) Positive home pregnancy test c) Finding hCG in the urine d) Visualization of the gestational sac or fetus
Visualization of the gestational sac or fetus
Positive signs of pregnancy are diagnostic, meaning nothing else can elicit that sign except pregnancy. What is the earliest positive sign of pregnancy? a) Positive home pregnancy test b) Visualization of the gestational sac or fetus c) Finding of hCG in the blood d) Finding hCG in the urine
Visualization of the gestational sac or fetus
Some women are lactose intolerant. Lactose intolerance occurs more frequently in individuals of African, Hispanic, Native American, Ashkenazic Jewish, and Asian descent. What is the major concern for a lactose intolerant woman who is pregnant? a) Calcium deficiency b) Nausea and vominting c) Vitamin D deficiency d) Dangerous symptom of abdominal cramping
Calcium deficiency
Many changes occur in the body of a pregnant woman. Some of these are changes in the integumentary system. What is one change in the integumentary system called? a) Ballotment b) Chloasma c) Linea rubria d) Chadwick's sign
Chloasma
What are the two fetal membranes? a) Amnion and endoderm b) Chorion and amnion c) Amnion and mesoderm d) Ectoderm and amnion
Chorion and amnion
A nurse is caring for a pregnant client who has been diagnosed with lordosis. The nurse offers preventive measures for which of the following consequences of lordosis when caring for this client? a) Edema in lower extremities b) Chloasma c) Chronic backache d) Diastasis
Chronic backache
During pregnancy a woman has many psychological adaptations that must be made. The nurse must remember that the baby's father is also experiencing the pregnancy and has adaptations that must be made. Some fathers actually have symptoms of the pregnancy along with the mothers. What is this called? a) Pseudo pregnancy b) Cretinism c) Pregnancy syndrome d) Couvade syndrome
Couvade syndrome
A pregnant woman's husband does not voice concerns at prenatal visits. You would believe he is emotionally involved in the pregnancy by observing which of the following actions? a) He states he is concerned about the loss of his free time. b) He states he definitely wants a girl. c) He has refused to paint the baby's room blue. d) He walks around furniture as if his abdomen is enlarged.
He walks around furniture as if his abdomen is enlarged.
If a woman is 3 months pregnant, which of the following findings related to breast changes would you expect to assess? a) Slack, soft breast tissue b) Enlarged lymph nodes c) Deeply fissured nipples d) Darkened breast areolae
Darkened breast areolae
Which of the following would the nurse identify as a normal physiologic change in the renal system due to pregnancy? a) Shortening of the ureters b) Decrease in glomerular filtration rate c) Reduction in kidney size d) Dilation of the renal pelvis
Dilation of the renal pelvis
Susan is at her 20-week obstetrics visit. Which new development can the nurse accurately tell Susan normally occurs in the fetus at 20 weeks? a) Eyelids are open. b) Lungs are fully shaped. c) A developed startle reflex is evident. d) Eyebrows and scalp hair are present.
Eyebrows and scalp hair are present.
A client in her second trimester of pregnancy is anxious about the blotchy, brown pigmentation appearing on her forehead and cheeks. She also complains of increased pigmentation on her breasts and genitalia. When educating the client, which of the following would the nurse identify as the condition experienced by the client? a) Vascular spiders b) Linea nigra c) Facial melasma (cholasma) d) Striae gravidarum
Facial melasma (cholasma)
As many as 29% of pregnancies are unintended, unwanted, or mistimed. a) False b) True
False 49%
Which of the following is a positive sign of pregnancy? a) Positive pregnancy test b) Hegar's sign c) Uterine contractions d) Fetal movement felt by examiner
Fetal movement felt by examiner
One specific vitamin is known to prevent up to 70 percent of birth defects of the central nervous system, called neural tube defects. Which vitamin should all woman who are at risk for getting pregnant have daily in their diet? a) Folic Acid b) Vitamin A c) Iodine d) Zinc
Folic Acid
A pregnant vegan reports that she eats lots of dark green leafy vegetables, legumes, citrus fruits, and berries. To ensure that her infant's nervous system will develop properly, what foods do you recommend that she add to her diet? a) Milk and cheese b) Fortified cereals c) Nuts, seeds, and chocolate d) Carrots, sweet potatoes, and mangoes
Fortified cereals
A client in her 39th week of gestation arrives at the maternity clinic stating that earlier in her pregnancy, she experienced shortness of breath. However, for the past few days, she's been able to breathe easily, but she has also begun to experience increased urinary frequency. A nurse is assigned to perform the physical examination of the client. Which of the following is the nurse most likely to observe? a) Fundal height is at its highest level at the xiphoid process. b) The lower uterine segment and cervix have softene c) Fundal height has dropped since the last recording. d) The fundus is at the level of the umbilicus and measures 20 cm.
Fundal height has dropped since the last recording.
Genetics-related health care is basic to the holistic practice of nursing. What should nursing practice in genetics include? a) Gathering relevant family and medical history information b) Discouraging females to conceive after the age of 40 years c) Providing advice on termination of pregnancy d) Identifying genetic markers
Gathering relevant family and medical history information
The urine of a woman in her second trimester of pregnancy is found to contain glucose. For which condition should she be tested? a) Anemia b) Gestational diabetes c) Preeclampsia d) Hypothyroidism
Gestational diabetes
Pregnancy tests (both urine and blood) measure levels of which hormone to validate the existence of pregnancy? a) Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) b) Estrogen c) Progesterone d) Aldosterone
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
When obtaining a blood test for pregnancy, which hormone would the nurse expect the test to measure? a. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) b. Human placental lactogen (hPL) c. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) d.Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
A pregnant woman you care for tells you she often has allergic responses to drugs. She is concerned that she will be allergic to her fetus or her body will reject the pregnancy. You would base your reply to her on which of the following statements? a) The kidneys release a hormone during pregnancy to prevent this from happening. b) The level of aldosterone during pregnancy reduces production of IgG antibodies. c) Immunologic activity is decreased during pregnancy. d) The decreased corticosteroid activity during pregnancy ensures this will not happen.
Immunologic activity is decreased during pregnancy.
During a routine visit to the clinic, a client tells the nurse that she thinks she may be pregnant. The physician orders a pregnancy test. The nurse should know the purpose of this test is to determine which change in the client's hormone level? a) Decrease in LH b) Increase in human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) c) Increase in luteinizing hormone (LH) d) Decrease in HCG
Increase in human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
When describing the pregnant woman's hypercoagulable state, which of the following would the nurse identify as being least likely related? a) Increased clotting factors b) Increased number of red blood cells c) Increased plasma fibrinogen d) Increased levels of fibrin
Increased number of red blood cells
A 28-year-old primigravida client with diabetes mellitus, in her first trimester, comes to the health care clinic for a routine visit. The client reports frequent episodes of sweating, giddiness, and confusion. What should the nurse tell the client about these experiences? a) Insulin resistance becomes minimal in the latter half of the pregnancy b) Tissue sensitivity to insulin increases as pregnancy advances c) Increased secretion of insulin occurs in the first trimester d) Use of insulin needs to be reduced as pregnancy advances
Increased secretion of insulin occurs in the first trimester
During a routine antepartal visit, a pregnant woman says, "I've noticed my gums bleeding a bit since I've become pregnant. Is this normal?" The nurse bases the response on the understanding of which of the following? a) Increased venous pressure leads to increased gingival friability. b) Elevated progesterone levels cause smooth muscle relaxation. c) Influence of estrogen and blood vessel proliferation d) Effects of regurgitation from relaxation of the cardiac sphincter
Influence of estrogen and blood vessel proliferation
The husband of a pregnant woman tells the nurse that his wife is increasingly preoccupied with herself and her fetus. The woman is in her first trimester of pregnancy. The nurse interprets this as which of the following? a) Ambivalence b) Emotional lability c) Introversion d) Acceptance
Introversion
A nurse who has been caring for a pregnant client understands that the client has pica and has been regularly consuming soil. Which of the following conditions should the nurse monitor for in the client as a manifestation of consuming soil? a) Tooth fracture b) Constipation c) Iron-deficiency anemia d) Inefficient protein metabolism
Iron-deficiency anemia
The nurse explains to a pregnant client, who is anemic, that she will need to take vitamins with iron during her pregnancy. What are food would you include on the patient's diet plan? a) Grains b) Meats c) Dairy d) Legumes
Meats
During pregnancy a woman's breasts change from their pre-pregnant state. What is one of these changes? a) Prolactin, an anterior pituitary hormone, stimulates the breasts to grow b) Estrogen causes the breasts to feel nodular c) Montgomery's tubercles become more prominent d) The areolas becomes lighter in color
Montgomery's tubercles become more prominent
The nurse is examining a woman who came to the clinic because she thinks she is pregnant. Which of the following data collected by the nurse are presumptive signs of her pregnancy? Select all that apply. a) Ultrasound pictures b) Morning sickness c) Amenorrhea d) Fetal heartbeat e) Hydatidiform mole f) Breast changes
Morning sickness Amenorrhea Breast changes
A 39-year-old woman is pregnant with her first child and appears to be thrilled about it. Now in her second trimester, she talks enthusiastically with the nurse about the latest maternity clothes she has bought and models them for the nurse. She also discusses the latest trends in health foods, which she has adopted since learning of her pregnancy. The nurse recognizes which primary emotional response to pregnancy in this patient? a) Stress b) Introversion c) Emotional lability d) Narcissism
Narcissism
A woman you care for in a prenatal clinic tells you that her pregnancy was unplanned and unwanted. At what point in pregnancy does the average woman change her mind about an unwanted pregnancy? a) When quickening occurs b) After the seventh month c) After lightening happens d) Around the third month
When quickening occurs
The nurse teaches a pregnant woman about breastfeeding, stating that stimulation of the breast through sucking or touching stimulates the secretion of which hormone? a) Cortisol b) Oxytocin c) Antidiuretic hormone d) Follicle stimulating hormone
Oxytocin
While providing an education to a prenatal class for first time mothers and fathers during the first trimester, you include information that the father may experience which of the following as normal during the pregnancy: a) Desire to be the women and give birth b) No changes, only the mother has changes during pregnancy c) Feeling distanced from the mother d) Physical symptoms similar to the mother
Physical symptoms similar to the mother
A client in her 29th week of gestation complains of dizziness and clamminess when assuming a supine position. During the assessment, the nurse observes there is a marked decrease in the client's blood pressure. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement to help alleviate this client's condition? a) Keep the client's legs slightly elevated. b) Place the client in an orthopneic position. c) Place the client in the left lateral position. d) Keep the head of the client's bed slightly elevated.
Place the client in the left lateral position.
A woman calls the clinic to schedule an appointment because "I think I might be pregnant." Upon further assessment gathering of information from the woman, which of the following would be a probable sign of pregnancy? a) Fatigue b) Nausea and vomiting c) Amenorrhea d) Positive home pregnancy test
Positive home pregnancy test
Early in pregnancy, frequent urination results mainly from which of the following? a) Decreased glomerular selectivity b) Increased concentration of urine c) Addition of fetal urine to maternal urine d) Pressure on the bladder from the uterus
Pressure on the bladder from the uterus
Amanda's menstrual period is two weeks late. She has been feeling tired and has had bouts of nausea in the morning. What classification of pregnancy symptoms is Amanda experiencing? a) Probable b) Presumptive c) No classification d) Positive
Presumptive
The hormone responsible for the initiation of lactation is what? a) Progesterone b) Prolactin c) Oxytocin d) Estrogen
Prolactin
A woman in the last trimester of pregnancy complains of sleeping poorly. She becomes light-headed and dizzy whenever she sleeps on her back, but she can't sleep at all if she lies on her side. How would you suggest she try sleeping? a) Without a pillow b) With a pillow under both hips c) With a pillow under her right hip d) With a pillow under her shoulders
With a pillow under her right hip
The client at 18 weeks' gestation states, "I feel a fluttering sensation, kind of like gas." The nurse understands that the client is describing what occurrence? a) Quickening b) Placenta previa c) Lightening d) Linea nigra
Quickening
During pregnancy, which of the following should the expectant mother reduce or avoid? a. Raw meat or uncooked shellfish b. Fresh, washed fruits and vegetables c. Whole grains d. Protein and iron from meat sources
Raw meat or uncooked shellfish
A woman in the third trimester of her first pregnancy expresses fear about the birth canal being wide enough for her to push the baby through it during labor. She is a petite person, and the baby seems so large. She asks the nurse how this will be possible. To help alleviate the patient's fears, the nurse should mention the role of the hormone that softens the cervix and collagen in the joints, which allows dilation and enlargement of the birth canal. This hormone is which of the following? a) Estrogen b) Human placental lactogen c) Relaxin d) Progesterone
Relaxin
Reva Rubin identified four major tasks that the pregnant woman undertakes to form a mutually gratifying relationship with her infant. What is "binding in"? a. Ensuring safe passage through pregnancy, labor, and birth b. Seeking acceptance of this infant by others c. Seeking acceptance of self as mother to the infant d. Learning to give of oneself on behalf of the infant
Seeking acceptance of self as mother to the infant
During pregnancy, there are many psychological changes. What is a critical component for a positive psychological experience with pregnancy by the woman? a) Her age at the time of pregnancy b) Having a planned pregnancy c) Social support d) Early prenatal care
Social support
When describing the characteristics of the amniotic fluid to a pregnant woman, which would the nurse include? a) The amount gradually fluctuates during pregnancy. b) It limits fetal movement in utero. c) It is composed primarily of organic substances. d) It is usually an acidic fluid.
The amount gradually fluctuates during pregnancy.
The nurse midwife is performing a pelvic examination on a client who came to her following a positive home pregnancy test. The nurse checks the woman's cervix for the probable sign of pregnancy known as Goodell's sign. Which of the following describes this alteration? a) The cervix softens. b) The lower uterine segment softens. c) The cervix looks blue or purple when examined. d) The fundus enlarges.
The cervix softens.
A teenager in the clinic is refusing to eat during her pregnancy because she does not want to "get fat". What information should the nurse provide on the outcomes of the infant related to poor maternal weight gain? a) The fetus could develop congenital anomalies b) The infant will be small and could have problems c) It will just make the baby smaller but there are no other problems associated d) There is little impact on the infant, the mother will suffer complications
The infant will be small and could have problems
A fertilized ovum is known as which of the following? a) Embryo b) Fetus c) Zygote d) Chorion
Zygote
Which of the following statements would the nurse include in the teaching plan for a pregnant woman related to changes in the uterus? a) The uterus reaches its maximum height in the abdomen at 39 weeks. b) The uterus changes from a pear-shaped organ to an oval one. c) Uterine growth occurs because of an increase in the number of cells in the uterus. d) The uterus moves into the abdomen by the second month of pregnancy.
The uterus changes from a pear-shaped organ to an oval one.
What factors would change during a pregnancy if the hormone progesterone were reduced or withdrawn? a. The woman's gums would become red and swollen and would bleed easily. b. The uterus would contract more and peristalsis would increase. c. Morning sickness would increase and would be prolonged. d. The secretion of prolactin by the pituitary gland would be inhibited.
The uterus would contract more and peristalsis would increase.
When caring for a newborn, the nurse observes that the neonate has developed white patches on the mucus membranes of the mouth. Which of the following conditions is the newborn most likely to be experiencing? a) Rubella b) Thrush c) Toxoplasmosis d) Cytomegalovirus infection
Thrush
Which change in the breasts should a nurse recognize as a normal change associated with pregnancy? a) Disappearance of superficial veins b) Hypopigmentation of the areola and nipples c) Tingling sensations and tenderness d) Expression of colostrum in the first trimester
Tingling sensations and tenderness
A nurse urges a pregnant patient at the first prenatal office visit to begin taking iron supplements immediately. What is the rationale for this intervention? a) To maintain proper blood glucose levels b) To prevent megalohemoglobinemia c) To reduce the risk for hypertension d) To avoid anemia
To avoid anemia
A number of inherited diseases can be detected in utero by amniocentesis. Which of the following diseases can be detected by this method? a) Phenylketonuria b) Trisomy 21 c) Impetigo d) Diabetes mellitus
Trisomy 21
Morning sickness is associated with rising levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and progesterone. a) True b) False
True
Pregnant women seem to be more susceptible to carpal tunnel syndrome than others. a) True b) False
True
Smoking may be a cause of ectopic (tubal) pregnancy. a) True b) False
True
A 28-year-old client complains of skipping her menses and suspects she is pregnant. When assessing this client, which of the following would the nurse identify as a presumptive sign of pregnancy? a) Abdominal enlargement b) Softening of the cervix c) Urinary frequency d) Positive home pregnancy test
Urinary frequency
Which of the following is a presumptive sign or symptom of pregnancy? a. Restlessness b. Elevated mood c. Urinary frequency d. Low backache
Urinary frequency
A client in her 39th week of gestation complains of swelling in the legs after standing for long periods of time. The nurse recognizes that these factors increase the client's risk for which of the following conditions? a) Hemorrhoids b) Venous thrombosis c) Supine hypotension syndrome d) Embolism
Venous thrombosis
A patient who has just given a blood sample for pregnancy testing in the doctor's office asks the nurse what method of confirming pregnancy is the most accurate. The nurse explains the difference between presumptive symptoms, probable signs, and positive signs. Which of the following should the nurse mention as an example of a positive sign, which may be used to diagnose pregnancy? a) Laboratory test of a urine specimen for hCG b) Laboratory test of a blood serum specimen for hCG c) Visualization of the fetus by ultrasound d) Absence of a period
Visualization of the fetus by ultrasound
Down syndrome may occur because of a translocation defect. This means the a) infant inherits chromosomal material from only one parent. b) parents are such close relatives that their genes are incompatible. c) additional chromosome was inherited because it was attached to a normal chromosome. d) parents have a chromosomal pattern that is exactly alike.
additional chromosome was inherited because it was attached to a normal chromosome.
An 18-year-old pregnant woman asks why she has to have a routine alpha-fetoprotein serum level drawn. You explain that this a) tests the ability of her heart to accommodate the pregnancy. b) measures the fetal liver function. c) is a screening test for placental function. d) may reveal chromosomal abnormalities.
may reveal chromosomal abnormalities.
When providing education on pre-conceptual considerations to a female patient and her spouse, the nurse knows that teratogens during the embryonic stage pose the greatest risk to the fetus. What weeks of gestation are considered the embryonic stage? a) the entire pregnancy b) fertilization to the week 2 c) week 9 to birth d) weeks 2 to 8
weeks 2 to 8
The nurse is examining a woman who came to the clinic because she thinks she is pregnant. Which of the following data collected by the nurse are presumptive signs of her pregnancy? Select all that apply. a) Amenorrhea b) Morning sickness c) Hydatidiform mole d) Ultrasound pictures e) Breast changes f) Fetal heartbeat
• Amenorrhea • Morning sickness • Breast changes
A pregnant client arrives at the maternity clinic complaining of constipation. Which of the following factors could be the cause of constipation during pregnancy? Select all that apply. a) Reduced stomach acidity b) Increase in estrogen levels c) Intestinal displacement d) Use of iron supplements e) Decreased activity level
• Decreased activity level • Use of iron supplements • Intestinal displacement
The nurse is counseling a young woman who has just entered her second trimester. The patient had an uneventful first trimester, with no symptoms of morning sickness. She tells the nurse, "It still doesn't seem real. It's just hard to believe that I will really have a baby." From experience, the nurse knows that which of the following are likely to help the woman accept the fact that she is having a baby? (Select all that apply.) a) Seeing an ultrasound image of the baby b) Giving up alcohol c) Receiving a positive result on a pregnancy test d) Feeling the baby kick e) Taking prenatal vitamins f) Setting up a crib for the baby
• Feeling the baby kick • Seeing an ultrasound image of the baby • Setting up a crib for the baby
A client who is in her 6th week of gestation is being seen for a routine prenatal care visit. The client asks the nurse about changes in her eating habits that she should make during her pregnancy. The client informs the nurse that she is a vegetarian. The nurse knows that she has to monitor the client for which of the following risks arising from her vegetarian diet? Select all that apply. a) Increased risk of constipation b) Iron-deficiency anemia c) Low gestational weight gain d) Decreased mineral absorption e) Risk of epistaxis
• Iron-deficiency anemia • Decreased mineral absorption • Low gestational weight gain
The obstetrical nurse knows that a woman's hormone levels change dramatically during pregnancy. Which of the following hormonal actions accurately represent these changes? Select all that apply. a) Maintaining the endometrium so that the embryo can implant b) Causing changes in the mother's metabolism so that nutrients are available for both c) Preparing the breasts for lactation, keeping the milk from coming in until birth occurs d) Relaxing the ligaments that connect the pelvic bones, allowing them to spread slightly e) Decreasing the blood supply to the gastrointestinal tract and slowing peristaltic waves f) Decreasing the mother's blood volume and red blood cell mass to increase oxygen
• Maintaining the endometrium so that the embryo can implant • Causing changes in the mother's metabolism so that nutrients are available for both • Relaxing the ligaments that connect the pelvic bones, allowing them to spread slightly • Preparing the breasts for lactation, keeping the milk from coming in until birth occurs