OB Chapters 5-8

Content Theory

focuses on individual needs- it tries to explain work behaviors based on what's needed for job satisfaction and the influence of unmet needs

Process Theory

focuses on the Thought processes that motivate individual behavior which includes: (equity theory, expectancy theory and goal setting theory)

Organizational justice

how fair and equitable people view workplace practices

Thematic Appreciation Test (TAT)

identify the three basic needs that people develop over a lifetime. (nAff, nAch, nPower) A projective test that presents people with a series of ambiguous pictures and asks them to develop a story about the pictures. The assumption is that the person will project his or her needs or drives onto the pictures.

Perceived inequity

occurs when someone believes that the rewards received for their work contributions compare unfavorably to the rewards other people appear to have received for their work.

Interactional Justice

people treated with dignity and respect in decisions affecting them

What is goal setting?

the process of developing, negotiating and formalizing performance targets and objectives

Motivational "Direction"

when efforts are channeled in a way that benefits the organization and the individual

Procedural Justice

Rules properly followed to implement policies

Distributive Justice

everyone should be treated the same under a policy regardless of age race ethnicity gender

Motivational "Persistence"

(how long a person can maintain effort) A motivated person stays with a task long enough to achieve his or her goal.

(B1)What are some of the actions employers can take to restore equity?

*One way is to communicate clear evaluations of any rewards given *Anticipate negative felt inequities when rewards are given

(B2)What are the basic components of expectancy theory?

1) Expectancy 2) Instrumentality 3) Valence

Goal setting guidelines that are more likely to motivate and lead towards a higher performance are:

1-Difficult goals 2-Specific goals 3-Task feedback or knowledge of results 4-Having the ability and the feelings of self-efficacy 5-When goals are accepted and there is a commottment to them

Management by objectives (MBO)

An approach that integrates goals across management functions A process of joint goal setting between a supervisor and a subordinate

Instrumentality

Performance will be rewarded

Expectancy

Effort will yield acceptable performance

**What is equity theory?

How one evaluates rewards relative to efforts made, and as compared to the rewards received by others relative to their efforts made.

Valence

The value of a reward

(B1)What is the difference between felt negative inequity and felt positive inequity?

We compare our efforts and resultant outcomes to the efforts and outcomes of others. If we find they are equivalent, we are satisfied and motivated. When the comparison is out of balance, we are dissatisfied and lose motivation.

Motivation

an internal process that energizes, directs, and sustains behavior. Individual differences have a strong impact on behavior motivation patterns.

"Level" of motivation

concerned with how hard a person tries.