OB Exam 1

________ highlight the fact that choosing among available options is not always a choice between right and wrong.

Ethical dilemmas

Background checks are a requirement for all employees working with children under the age of 18. Reece was aware of this policy but told Shane that it was okay to skip the check this month because it wasn't in the budget. This procedural error could lead to hiring an employee with a criminal record. Shane is experiencing what type of unethical behavior?

Exhibiting motivated blindness

OB is important in all facets of school and work because

It helps us to understand and manage people

At her job, Sarah doesn't identify what is bothering her team members who report directly to her. Two have left the company in the past three months and she didn't probe why they decided to leave. She just assumes they are getting a higher salary elsewhere. Sarah is showing a(an)

Lack of rigor

Elaine often volunteers to help others when they run into problems with their projects. She is very positive, always on time, and never calls in sick. Exhibiting ________ is likely to create positive impressions among Elaine's colleagues and manager.

OCB

Researchers found that care for organizational property, punctuality, and attendance positively correlate with job satisfaction and are an examples of

OCB

________ is when we give a pass to unethical behavior if the outcome is good.

Overvaluing outcomes

When Daniel's daughter got seriously ill, his boss Kyle and fellow employees went to the HR department and arranged to donate some of their sick leave to him so he could spend more time with his family. Daniel is most likely to be experiencing

POS

________ matters because it gives you credibility with your peers and those you manage.

Performance

Problem solving and critical thinking are ________ because they use logic and reasoning to develop and evaluate options.

Soft skills

Jon is dealing with several employees who are chronically late. He unilaterally decides to dock everyone's daily pay 5 percent if they are more than 10 minutes late. Jon will have better results using

The contingency approach

The remedy for motivated blindness is

To root out conflicts of interest

Giovanni is expressing ________ when he says, "I can run a mile in under five minutes."

a high self-efficacy

Which of the following is not a process theory of motivation?

acquired needs

Values represent beliefs that influence behaviors ________; attitudes relate to behavior ________.

across all situations; toward specific targets

The components of attitudes include

affective, cognitive, behavioral

________ is an artificial intervention aimed at giving management a chance to correct an imbalance, injustice, mistake, or outright discrimination that occurred in the past.

affirmative action

Narcissists are characterized by having a combination of all of the following traits except the following

agreeableness

Helen uses a wheelchair to get around. Her company, Cue Furniture, makes sure her desk is wheelchair-accessible. The ________ requires the company to do provide this.

americans and disabilities act

People with ________ see themselves as masters of their own fate.

an internal locus of control

Kerry has shown up late for her job twice this week. She expects her manager to be ________ but instead the manager directs the issue at the organization's new scheduling software that hasn't been sending out updates promptly.

angry

Francis interviews two candidates for an administrative assistant position that will require a fair amount of project management. The first candidate is enthusiastic and states that she can "do anything she sets her mind to." She shows up for the interview without a résumé because she know she will be selected for the position. The second candidate is more reserved, but offers Francis his résumé and a portfolio. He explains that in his last position he managed several projects and kept them on track. Which of the following would be the main reason for Francis to hire the second applicant?

applicant's cognitive abilities

We build stereotypes through a four-step process. Which of the following is not part of the process?

appraisal

Emmie was telling her friend about the freedom and discretion given to her in scheduling and deciding the procedures used to complete the tasks assigned to her. Which of the following job characteristics was she talking about?

autonomy

Alyson plans on applying Herzberg's theory to motivate her team of four customer service associates. The critical first step is to eliminate sources of dissatisfaction and the second step would be to

build motivators into the associates' jobs

________ is the psychological discomfort a person experiences when simultaneously holding two or more conflicting cognitions

cognitive dissonance

________ is defined by restraint of actions, inclinations, and impulses likely to upset or harm others and violate social expectations or norms.

confomity

________ is the personality trait with the strongest positive relationship with job performance.

conscientiousness

Kelley hypothesized that people make causal attributions by observing

consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency

Mark marches to the beat of his own drummer, while Simon plans on following in his father's footsteps. Mark is open to change, while Simon embraces

conservation

The two general categories of motivation theories are

content and process

Charlie is concerned with what he considers to be an unfair situation at work. Although he put in 10 hours of overtime last week, he received the same pay as a coworker who didn't put in any overtime. This week he decided to take an extra hour for lunch every day. Using the terminology of equity theory, Charlie has decided to

decrease his inputs

Kevin expresses concern about Margarite, an intern scheduled to work on his team for three weeks. Julio, Kevin's manager, quickly decides to move Margarite to another team. Which key problem-solving step has Julio skipped?

define the problem

________ is the first step on the three-step journey (or approach) of the Organizing Framework.

defining the problem

________ occurs when employment decisions about an individual are based on reasons not associated with performance or related to the job.

discrimination

An expectancy of zero means that the person

does not feel confidence in his or her ability to do the job

________ is the ability to monitor one's own and others' feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide one's thinking and actions.

emotional intellegence

________ is the harnessing of organization members' selves to their work roles.

employee engagement

Luis has just learned that Brian, who has less experience and who does less work, receives a higher salary. Since learning this, Luis has been very unhappy and has started to look for another job. What model of job satisfaction best explains Luis's reactions?

equity

Pierre offers his manager some suggestions for a new holiday display. His manager shrugs his shoulders and tells Pierre that the display is all set. Then Sherry approaches the manager with an idea for the display, and the manager tells her that it's a great idea. ________ theory is the model of motivation that explains how Pierre is striving for fairness and justice.

equity

The idea underlying the ________ model is that satisfaction is tied to how fairly an individual is treated at work.

equity

________ theory holds that people are motivated to behave in ways that produce desired combinations of expected outcomes.

expectancy

Karen is a recent high-school graduate with an excellent grade point average. After much thought, she decides to pursue a graduate degree in physics after she finishes her undergraduate degree and eventually become a professor. To attain this goal, she realizes that she must first study hard and do well in her undergraduate classes, then take the graduate entrance exam and apply to the best graduate programs in her field. Along the way, she wants to obtain an internship, as this will help her get into a quality graduate program. Which motivational mechanism of the goal-setting process does this scenario demonstrate?

fostering strategies and action plans

Carol works as a dishwasher at a restaurant. She comes across as a fun-loving, party-going person. One day her dog falls sick and Carol has to take him to the vet. She calls her boss and tells him that she won't be coming in to work. Her boss thinks that Carol is missing work intentionally, so that she can go out and party. Which of the following best describes the boss's perception of the situation?

fundamental attribution bias

Building stereotypes involves inferencing. Which of the following is not an inference?

gen Xers were born between 1965 and 1996

Characterized as an assessment of how confident you are in your own abilities, which CSE trait can be improved via job design, self-management, and creativity?

generalized self-efficacy

In 2017, women represented 30 percent of college presidents. This is up from 23 percent the year prior. This is an example of the ________ being lowered

glass ceiling

William, a hard and productive worker, quit because he couldn't get along with his coworkers. This would be diagnosed as a(n) ________ level problem.

group

Kwan and Katherine are both computer programmers, but Kwan earns more money than Katherine. However, Katherine perceives an equitable relationship because Kwan

has more education and experience

David's boss has observed that David took about 12 hours to perform tasks A, B, and C. However, he took 24 hours to complete task D. David's boss concluded that task D must have been tougher than the other tasks. Which of the following attributional information led David's boss to this conclusion?

high distinctiveness

Tony has a high CSE. He is not likely to experience

higher levels of stress

A work environment characterized by sexual, racial, and age harassment is an example of what type of barrier for implementing successful diversity programs?

hostile

Carrie goes out to lunch and orders a diet soda. If we consider ________, she is likely to prefer a salad for lunch.

implicit cognition

Deep-level characteristics of diversity

include attitudes, opinions, and values.

Eco Landscaping Company minimizes attention to a price increase by selling lawn care treatments to a subsidiary, Grow It, Inc. Grow It then increases the price of the specific treatments. The manager of Grow It wants to notify customers that they are a subsidiary of Eco Landscaping and that the increase has come from the parent company. This is an example of a remedy for

indirect blindness

Chris, a manager, knows that one of his employees values achievement and power. Chris should assign the employee to a job that includes high

influence over others

In the Organizing Framework,

inputs lead to processes, which lead to outcomes

________ is how an individual perceives the movement from performance to outcome.

instrumentality

________ are the key links between ________ in Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior.

intentions; attitudes and planned behavior

Of the following, ________ is the most closely aligned with employees' perceptions of procedural justice.

job performance

Lindsey is a new college graduate and has taken a position with an engineering company in its newly formed "rotational program." She will be able to work in different functional areas (manufacturing, finance, quality assurance, and environmental health) for short periods of time and learn many different parts of the business along the way. The company is utilizing a ________ approach.

job-swapping

By ________, a person can develop self-awareness.

knowing his or her own strengths and limits

Katherine does especially well in her language courses, but struggles in chemistry. She has ________ intelligence

linguistic

Vivek and Warren are working on an assignment for their marketing class. Warren finishes his part of the assignment; Vivek doesn't. Vivek apologizes because he took an extra shift at work and didn't give the assignment the priority it needed. He promises Warren he will stay home tonight and finish his work. What personality characteristic does this show?

locus of control

________ intelligence will be most closely related to a performance on tests like the Scholastic Aptitude Test and the Graduate Management Admissions Test.

logical-mathematical

Samantha, a member of a team you are assigned to for a management class, has often been late getting her work to the team, and when it arrives it is often of poor quality. Samantha is likely to rank ________ dimension.

low on the conscientiousness

Halfway through the semester, Samuel quit doing assignments for and going to his advanced accounting class. He attributes this to his poor performance on the first two tests, as well as his lack of talent for accounting; he feels he will do much better as a management major. Samuel is likely to be experiencing

low self-efficacy for accounting

With a high level of organizational commitment, employees will have greater ________ outcomes toward pursuing organizational goals and decisions.

motivation

Herzberg's theory predicts managers can motivate individuals by incorporating ________ into an individual's job.

motivators

Donald is on the production line for Medical Services Inc. He has been there for five years and has won Employee of the Month more than anyone else. Juan, his coworker, who has only been at Medical Services three years and hasn't even been nominated for Employee of the Month, just received a promotion. Donald perceives a

negative inequity

Which of the following is not one of the key perceiver characteristics that affect our perceptions of others?

nonverbal cues

Nora wants to be a buyer for Marstons Stores. She knows that they are looking for outgoing, social people. She purposely tries to present herself as an extrovert on the personality test that she takes even though she is shy and retiring. What is the likely result of this?

nora might get the job, but find she is unhappy in the role

Weight Watchers International stopped using the word diet in its advertising because of the word's negative

perception

Benny seems to want to control others and often manipulates people for his own gratification. He exhibits the need for

personal power

________ is the combination of stable physical, behavioral, and mental characteristics that gives individuals their unique identity.

personality

Claire works for Content Consultants. She telecommutes and has great flexibility in her work schedule. In return, Content Consultants expects to have satisfied clients who hire them again. Claire receives consistently high evaluations. Despite that, the company now wants her to work out of the main office. Claire feels that Content Consultants has breached a(n)

psychological contract

External factors include all of the following except

putting forth effort

Cara, a shift supervisor, is keeping a performance diary for each of her employees. This mechanism can ________ performance appraisals.

reduce bias in

Gabriella, a manager, hires the first person she interviews because she believes that person can do the job adequately. Gabriella is ________ the problem.

resolving

Which of the following is not a suggestion for managers who want to reduce voluntary turnover?

reward all employees equally

Ethics is primarily concerned with

right and wrong

In Maslow's need hierarchy theory, providing a work environment where employees are not worried about physical or psychological harm fulfills what level?

safety

At the Palisades Power Generation facility, ___________ is used to follow strict operation procedures and standards. Efficiency is critical for maximizing profitability and all job functions are researched to the highest extent to meet the industry standards.

scientific management

________ theory focuses on the needs that drive intrinsic motivation, which is longer lasting and has a more positive impact on task performance than extrinsic motivation.

self-determination

Which of the following statements about self-efficacy is true?

self-efficacy can be developed

________ are both elements of hedonism.

self-enhancement and openness to change

Sophia is on a four-person project team in her management class. The team produces four reports during the term, and each person leads one of these projects. The project Sophia leads earned an A, while the team receives Cs on the other three reports. Sophia believes that her project was successful because of her leadership abilities, while the other projects were not as good because of the inadequate skills of the other team members. She demonstrates ________ in her beliefs.

self-serving bias

Downsizing at a company where everyone laid off had the same job and qualifications is a type of ________ factor.

situation

Several people have quit the administrative support unit of the company recently. About that time, a new company moved into the area with a better health care plan and comparable wages. ________ is the most likely OB perspective to apply.

situation

Laurie walks into her morning status meeting. She didn't have time for breakfast or even coffee. During the meeting, she is most likely to focus on

snacks and drinks because she is hungry and thirsty

Why do we expect satisfied employees to provide higher-quality service to customers?

spillover effect

Joyce finds that the members of the project team to which she has been assigned in her management class are all athletes on the college's football and basketball teams. She immediately considers dropping the class because she thinks her experience with that team will be negative. Joyce is likely to be reacting to a

stereotype

________ is one element that allows employees to balance their work lives and family lives.

telecommuting

Naturalist intelligence is

the potential to live in harmony with one's environment

What form of diversity management is an organization adopting when it acknowledges differences but does not value nor accept them?

toleration

When Bakary, a retail store manager, faced a problem of cash missing from the register, he decided to pursue an optimal response so he

upgraded the point-of-sale software system and installed security cameras

The ________ model suggests that managers should structure the work environment and rewards to match employees.

value attainment

Nancy is at a staff meeting. Her manager asks if anyone has an idea for how to pull more customers into the restaurant at lunch time. Nancy starts to make a suggestion and her manager cuts her off mid-sentence, saying: "Oh Nancy, no ... anyone else?" Nancy is feeling angry because her manager was disrespectful and didn't allow her to explain the idea. What should Nancy do to deal with these negative emotions?

wait until after the meeting and point out how important respect is between coworkers

In McClelland's acquired needs theory,

we learn needs as we live our lives

Mack works for a small biotech firm. When the firm presents the results of its clinical trials to the FDA, Mack realizes that the results are not accurate. He reports this to the FDA. Mack is a(n)

whistle-blower