OB Exam-2

Which of the following signs/symptoms would the nurse expect to see in a woman with abruptio placentae? a. Increasing fundal height measurements. b. Pain-free vaginal bleeding. c. Fetal heart accelerations. d. Hyperthermia with leukocytosis.

a) increasing fundal height measurements

A woman is in the transition phase of labor. Which of the following comments should the nurse expect to hear? a) "I am so excited to be in labor." b) "I can't stand this pain any longer!" c) "I need ice chips because I'm so hot." d) "I have to push the baby out right now!"

b) I can't stand this pain any longer

An obstetrician declares at the conclusion of the third stage of labor that a woman is diagnosed with placenta accreta. The nurse would expect to see which of the following signs/symptoms? a. Hypertension. b. Hemorrhage. c. Bradycardia. d. Hyperthermia.

b) hemorrhage

During delivery, the nurse notes that the baby's head has just been delivered. The nurse concludes that the baby has just gone through which of the following cardinal moves of labor? a) Flexion. b) Internal rotation. c) Extension. d) External rotation.

c)extension

A nurse administers magnesium sulfate via infusion pump to an eclamptic woman in labor. Which of the following outcomes indicates that the medication is effective? a. Client has no patellar reflex response. b. Urinary output is 30 mL/hr. c. Respiratory rate is 16 rpm. d. Client has no grand mal seizures.

d) client has no grand Mal seizures

The nurse in the obstetrician's office is caring for four 25-week-gestation prenatal clients who are carrying singleton pregnancies. With which of the following clients should the nurse carefully review the signs and symptoms of preterm labor (PTL)? Select all that apply. a. 38-year-old in an abusive relationship. b. 34-year-old whose first child was born at 32 weeks' gestation. c. 30-year-old whose baby has a two-vessel cord. d. 26-year-old with a history of long menstrual periods. e. 22-year-old who smokes 2 packs of cigarettes every day.

a) 38-year old in an abusive relationship b)34-year old whose first child was born at 32 weeks' gestation e) 22-year old who smokes 2 packs of cigarettes every day

A client is on terbutaline (Brethine) via subcutaneous pump for preterm labor. The nurse auscultates the fetal heart rate at 100 beats per minute via Doppler. Which of the following actions should the nurse perform next? a. Assess the maternal pulse while listening to the fetal heart rate. b. Notify the health care provider. c. Stop the terbutaline infusion. d. Administer oxygen to the mother via face mask.

a) assess the maternal pulse while listening to the fetal heart rate

A labor nurse is caring for a client, 38 weeks' gestation, who has been diagnosed with symptomatic placenta previa. Which of the following physician orders should the nurse question? a. Begin oxytocin drip rate at 0.5 milliunits/min. b. Assess fetal heart rate every 10 minutes. c. Weigh all vaginal pads. d. Assess hematocrit and hemoglobin

a) begin oxytocin drip rate at 0.5 milliunits/min

A client just spontaneously ruptured membranes. Which of the following factors makes her especially at high risk for having a prolapsed cord? Select all that apply. a. Breech presentation. b. Station -3. c. Oligohydramnios. d. Dilation 2 cm. e. Transverse lie.

a) breech position b) station -3 e) transverse lie

A client who has been diagnosed with severe preeclampsia is being administered magnesium sulfate via IV pump. Which of the following medications must the nurse have immediately available in the client's room? a. Calcium gluconate. b. Morphine sulfate. c. Naloxone (Narcan). d. Meperidine (Demerol).

a) calcium gluconate

The nurse is admitting four full-term primigravid clients to the labor and delivery unit. The nurse requests pre-cesarean section orders from the health care practitioner for which of the clients? The client who has: Select all that apply. a. Cervical cerclage. b. FH 156 with beat-to-beat variability. c. Maternal blood pressure of 90/60. d. Full effacement. e. Active herpes simplex 2

a) cervical cerclage e) active herpes simplex 2

A client has just entered the labor and delivery suite with ruptured membranes for 2 hours, fetal heart rate of 146, contractions every 5 minutes × 60 seconds, and a history of herpes simplex type 2. She has no observable lesions. After notifying the doctor of the admission, which of the following is the appropriate action for the nurse to take? a. Check dilation and effacement. b. Prepare the client for surgery. c. Place the bed in Trendelenburg position d. Check the biophysical profile results.

a) check dilation and effacement

A client has been diagnosed with water intoxication after having received IV oxytocin (Pitocin) for over 24 hours. Which of the following signs/symptoms would the nurse expect to see? a. Confusion, drowsiness, and vomiting. b. Hypernatremia and hyperkalemia. c. Thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. d. Paresthesias, myalgias, and anemia.

a) confusion, drowsiness, and vomiting

A client with a complete placenta previa is on the antepartum clinical unit in preparation for delivery. Which of the following should the nurse include in a teaching session for this client? a. Coughing and deep breathing. b. Phases of the first stage of labor. c. Lamaze labor techniques. d. Leboyer hydrobirthing.

a) coughing and deep breathing

A client with a fetal demise is admitted to labor and delivery in the latent phase of labor. Which of the following behaviors would the nurse expect this client to exhibit? a. Crying and sad. b. Talkative and excited. c. Quietly doing rapid breathing. d. Loudly chanting songs.

a) crying and sad

A nurse is educating a pregnant woman regarding the moves a fetus makes during the birthing process. Please place the following cardinal movements of labor in the order the nurse should inform the client that the fetus will make: a) Descent. b) Expulsion. c) Extension. d) External rotation. e) Internal rotation.

a) descent, e)internal rotation, c) extension, d)external rotation b)expulsion

The nurse is caring for four women who are in labor. The nurse is aware that he or she will likely prepare which of the women for cesarean delivery? Select all that apply. a. Fetus is in the left sacral posterior position. b. Placenta is attached to the posterior portion of the uterine wall. c. Fetus has been diagnosed with meningomyelocele. d. Client is hepatitis B surface antigen positive. e. The lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio in the amniotic fluid is 1.5:1.

a) fetus is in the left sacral posterior position c) fetus has been diagnosed with meningomyelocele

A woman, 32 weeks' gestation, contracting every 3 min × 60 sec, is receiving magnesium sulfate. For which of the following maternal assessments is it critical for the nurse to monitor the client? a. Low urinary output. b. Temperature elevation. c. Absent pedal pulses. d. Retinal edema.

a) low urinary output

A woman in active labor received Nubain (nalbuphine hydrochloride) 14 mg IV for pain relief. One half hour later her respirations are 8 rpm. The nurse reports the respiratory rate to the physician. Which of the following medications would be appropriate for the physician to order at this time? a. Narcan (naloxone). b. Reglan (metoclopramide). c. Benadryl (diphenhydramine). d. Vistaril (hydroxyzine).

a) narcan (naloxone)

A client is in labor and delivery with a diagnosis of HELLP syndrome. The nurse notes the following blood values: PT (prothrombin time) 99 sec (normal 60 to 85 sec). PTT (partial thromboplastin time) 30 sec (normal 11 to 15 sec). For which of the following signs/symptoms would the nurse monitor the client? a. Pink-tinged urine. b. Early decelerations. c. Patellar reflexes +1. d. Blood pressure 140/90.

a) pink-tinged urine

The nurse is interpreting the fetal monitor tracing below. Which of the following actions should the nurse take at this time? a) Provide caring labor support. b) Administer oxygen via tight-fitting face mask. c) Turn the woman on her side. d) Apply the oxygen saturation electrode to the mother.

a) provide caring labor support

Immediately after a woman spontaneously ruptures her membranes, the nurse notes a loop of the umbilical cord protruding from the woman's vagina. Which of the following actions should the nurse perform first? a. Put the client in the knee-chest position. b. Assess the fetal heart rate. c. Administer oxygen by tight face mask. d. Telephone the obstetrician with the findings.

a) put the client in the knee-chest position

The nurse is assisting in the delivery of a baby via vacuum extraction. Which of the following nursing diagnoses for the gravida is appropriate at this time? a. Risk for impaired skin integrity. b. Risk for body image disturbance. c. Risk for impaired parenting. d. Risk for ineffective sexuality pattern.

a) risk for impaired skin integrity

While evaluating the fetal heart monitor tracing on a client in labor, the nurse notes that there are fetal heart decelerations present. Which of the following assessments must the nurse make at this time? a) The relationship between the decelerations and the labor contractions. b) The maternal blood pressure. c) The gestational age of the fetus. d) The placement of the fetal heart electrode in relation to the fetal position.

a) the relationship between the decelerations and the labor contractions

A nurse is monitoring the labor of a client who is receiving IV oxytocin (Pitocin) at 6 mL per hour. Which of the following clinical signs would lead the nurse to stop the infusion? a. Change in maternal pulse rate from 76 to 98 bpm. b. Change in fetal heart rate from 128 to 102 bpm c. Maternal blood pressure of 150/100. d. Maternal temperature of 102.4°F.

b) change in fetal heart rate from 128 to 103 bpm

Which of the following is the appropriate nursing care outcome for a woman who suddenly develops an amniotic fluid embolism during her labor? a. Client will be infection free at discharge. b. Client will exhibit normal breathing function at discharge. c. Client will exhibit normal gastrointestinal function at discharge. d. Client will void without pain at discharge.

b) client will exhibit normal breathing function at discharge

A client's assessments reveal that she is 4 cm dilated and 80% effaced with a fetal heart tracing showing frequent late decelerations and strong contractions every 3 minutes, each lasting 90 seconds. The nursing management of the client should be directed toward which of the following goals? a. Completion of the first stage of labor. b. Delivery of a healthy baby. c. Safe pain medication management. d. Prevention of a vaginal laceration.

b) delivery of a healthy baby

The nurse identifies the following nursing diagnosis for a client undergoing an emergency cesarean section: Risk for ineffective individual coping related to emergency procedure. Which of the following nursing interventions would be appropriate in relation to this diagnosis? a. Apply antiembolic boots bilaterally. b. Explain all procedures slowly and carefully. c. Administer an antacid per MD orders. d. Monitor the FH and maternal vital signs.

b) explain all procedures slowly and carefully

The practitioner is performing a fetal scalp stimulation test. Which of the following fetal responses would the nurse expect to see? a) Spontaneous fetal movement. b) Fetal heart acceleration. c) Increase in fetal heart variability. d) Resolution of late decelerations.

b) fetal heart acceleration

A doctor orders a narcotic analgesic for a laboring client. Which of the following situations would lead a nurse to hold the medication? a. Contraction pattern is every 3 min × 60 sec. b. Fetal monitor tracing shows late decelerations. c. Client sleeps between contractions. d. The blood pressure is 150/90.

b) fetal monitor tracing shows late decelerations

During a vaginal delivery, the obstetrician declares that a shoulder dystocia has occurred. Which of the following actions by the nurse is appropriate at this time? a. Administer oxytocin intravenously per doctor's orders. b. Flex the woman's thighs sharply toward her abdomen. c. Apply oxygen using a tight-fitting face mask. d. Apply downward pressure on the woman's fundus.

b) flex the woman's thighs sharply toward her abdomen

A woman, 39 weeks' gestation, is admitted to the delivery unit with vaginal warts from human papillomavirus. Which of the following actions by the nurse is appropriate? a. Notify the health care practitioner for a surgical delivery. b. Follow standard infectious disease precautions. c. Notify the nursery of the imminent delivery of an infected neonate. d. Wear a mask whenever the perineum is exposed.

b) follow standard infectious disease precautions

The nurse turns off the oxytocin (Pitocin) infusion after a period of hyperstimulation. Which of the following outcomes indicates that the nurse's action was effective? a. Intensity moderate. b. Frequency every 3 minutes. c. Duration 130 seconds. d. Attitude flexed.

b) frequency every 3 minutes

A physician has notified the labor and delivery suite that four clients will be admitted to the unit. The client with which of the following clinical findings would be a candidate for an external version? a. +3 station. b. Left sacral posterior position. c. Flexed attitude. d. Rupture of membranes for 24 hours.

b) left sacral posterior position

A client is admitted in labor with spontaneous rupture of membranes 24 hours earlier. The fluid is clear and the fetal heart rate is 124 with moderate variability. Which assessment is most important for the nurse to make at this time? a. Contraction frequency and duration. b. Maternal temperature. c. Cervical dilation and effacement. d. Maternal pulse rate.

b) maternal temperature

The physician has ordered Prepidil (dinoprostone) for four gravidas at term. The nurse should question the order for which of the women? a. Primigravida with Bishop score of 4. b. Multigravida with late decelerations. c. G1 P0000 contracting every 20 minutes × 30 seconds. d. G6 P3202 with blood pressure 140/90 and pulse 92.

b) multigravida with late decelerations

A known drug addict is in active labor. She requests pain medication. Which of the following actions by the nurse is appropriate? a. Encourage the woman to refrain from taking medication to protect the fetus. b. Notify the physician of her request. c. Advise the woman that she can receive only an epidural because of her history. d. Assist the woman to do labor breathing.

b) notify the physician of her request

A nurse notes a sinusoidal fetal heart pattern while analyzing a fetal heart tracing of a newly admitted client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take at this time? a. Encourage the client to breathe with contractions. b. Notify the practitioner. c. Increase the intravenous infusion. d. Encourage the client to push with contractions.

b) notify the practitioner

The nurse is caring for an eclamptic client. Which of the following is an important action for the nurse to perform? a. Check each urine for presence of ketones. b. Pad the client's bed rails and headboard. c. Provide visual and auditory stimulation. d. Place the bed in the high Fowler's position.

b) pad the client's bed rails and headboard

Which of the following physical findings would lead the nurse to suspect that a client with severe preeclampsia has developed HELLP syndrome? Select all that apply. a. +3 pitting edema. b. Petechiae. c. Jaundice. d. +4 deep tendon reflexes. e. Elevated specific gravity.

b) petechiae c) jaundice

A client, G2 P1001, 5 cm dilated and 40% effaced, has just received an epidural. Which of the following actions is important for the nurse to take at this time? a) Assess the woman's temperature. b) Place a wedge under the woman's side. c) Place a blanket roll under the woman's feet. d) Assess the woman's pedal pulses.

b) place a wedge under the woman's side

A laboring woman, who has developed an apparent amniotic fluid embolism, is not breathing and has no pulse. In addition to calling for assistance, which of the following actions by the nurse, who is alone with the patient, is appropriate at this time? a. Perform cardiac compressions and breaths in a 15 to 2 ratio. b. Provide chest compressions at a depth of at least 2 inches. c. Compress the chest at the lower 1⁄2 of the sternum. d. Provide rescue breaths over a 10-second time frame.

b) provide chest compressions at a depth of at least 2 inches

The fetal monitor tracing of a laboring woman who is 9 cm dilated shows recurring late decelerations to 100 bpm. The nurse notes a moderate amount of greenish-colored amniotic fluid gush from the vagina after a practitioner performs an amniotomy. Which of the following nursing diagnoses is appropriate at this time? a. Risk for infection related to rupture of membranes. b. Risk for fetal injury related to possible intrauterine hypoxia. c. Risk for impaired tissue integrity related to vaginal irritation. d. Risk for maternal injury related to possible uterine rupture.

b) risk for fetal injury related to possible intrauterine hypoxia

A physician writes the following order—Administer ampicillin 1 g IV q 4 h until delivery—for a newly admitted laboring client with ruptured membranes. The client had positive vaginal and rectal cultures for group B streptococcal bacteria at 36 weeks' gestation. Which of the following is a rationale for this order? a. The client is at high risk for chorioamnionitis. b. The baby is at high risk for neonatal sepsis. c. The bacterium is sexually transmitted. d. The bacterium causes puerperal sepsis.

b) the baby is at high risk for neonatal sepsis

A gravid client at term called the labor suite at 7:00 p.m. questioning whether she was in labor. The nurse determined that the client was likely in labor after the client stated: a) "At 5:00 p.m., the contractions were about 5 minutes apart. Now they're about 7 minutes apart." b) "I took a walk at 5:00 p.m., and now I talk through my contractions easier than I could then." c) "I took a shower about a half hour ago. The contractions seem to hurt more since I finished." d) "I had some tightening in my belly late this afternoon, and I still feel it after waking up from my 2-hour nap."

c) I took a shower about a half hour ago. the contractions seem to hurt more since I finished

Three 30-week-gestation clients are on the labor and delivery unit in preterm labor. For which of the clients should the nurse question a doctor's order for beta agonist tocolytics? a. A client with hypothyroidism. b. A client with breast cancer. c. A client with cardiac disease. d. A client with asthma.

c) a client with cardiac disease

A delirious patient is admitted to the hospital in labor. She has had no prenatal care and vials of crack cocaine are found in her pockets. The nurse monitors this client carefully for which of the following intrapartal complications? a. Prolonged labor. b. Prolapsed cord. c. Abruptio placentae. d. Retained placenta.

c) abruptio placentae

There are four clients in active labor in the labor suite. Which of the women should the nurse monitor carefully for the potential of uterine rupture? a. Age 15, G3 P0020, in active labor. b. Age 22, G1 P0000, eclampsia. c. Age 25, G4 P3003, last delivery by cesarean section. d. Age 32, G2 P0100, first baby died during labor.

c) age 25, G4 P3003, last delivery by cesarean section

A labor nurse is caring for a client, 30 weeks' gestation, who is symptomatic from a complete placenta previa. Which of the following physician orders should the nurse question? a. Administer betamethasone (Celestone) 12 mg IM daily times b. Maintain strict bed rest. c. Assess cervical dilation. d. Regulate intravenous (Ringer's lactate: drip rate to 150 mL/hr).

c) assess cervical dilation

A woman has been in the second stage of labor for 21/2 hours. The fetal head is at +4 station and the fetal heart is showing mild late decelerations. The obstetrician advises the woman that the baby will be delivered with forceps. Which of the following actions should the nurse take at this time? a. Obtain a consent for the use of forceps. b. Encourage the woman to push between contractions. c. Assess the fetal heart rate after each contraction. d. Advise the woman to refuse the use of forceps.

c) assess the fetal heart rate after each contraction

A client, 39 weeks' gestation, fetal heart baseline at 144 bpm, tells the admitting labor and delivery room nurse that she has had to wear a pad for the past 4 days "because I keep leaking urine." Which of the following is an appropriate action for the nurse to perform at this time? a. Palpate the woman's bladder to check for urinary retention. b. Obtain a urine culture to check for a urinary tract infection. c. Assess the fluid with nitrazine and see if the paper turns blue. d. Percuss the woman's uterus and monitor for ballottement.

c) assess the fluid with nitrazine and see if the paper turns blue

A 30-year-old G2 P0010 in preterm labor is receiving nifedipine (Procardia). Which of the following maternal assessments noted by the nurse must be reported to the health care practitioner immediately? a. Heart rate of 100 bpm. b. Wakefulness. c. Audible rales. d. Daily output of 2,000 mL.

c) audible rales

The nurse is assessing the Bishop score on a postdates client. Which of the following measurements will the nurse assess? Select all that apply. a. Gestational age. b. Rupture of membranes. c. Cervical dilation. d. Fetal station. e. Cervical position.

c) cervical dilation d) fetus station e) cervical position

A primigravida is pushing with contractions. The nurse notes that the woman's perineum is beginning to bulge and that there is an increase in bloody show. Which of the following actions by the nurse is appropriate at this time? a) Report the findings to the woman's health care practitioner. b) Immediately assess the woman's pulse and blood pressure. c) Continue to provide encouragement during each contraction. d) place the client on her side with O2 via face mask

c) continue to provide encouragement during each contraction

When monitoring a fetal heart rate with moderate variability, the nurse notes V-shaped decelerations to 80 from a baseline of 120. One occurred during a contraction, another occurred 10 seconds after the contraction, and a third occurred 40 seconds after yet another contraction. The nurse interprets these findings as resulting from which of the following? a. Metabolic acidosis. b. Head compression. c. Cord compression. d. Insufficient uteroplacental blood flow.

c) cord compression

A woman is in active labor and is being monitored electronically. She has just received Stadol 2 mg IM for pain. Which of the following fetal heart responses would the nurse expect to see on the internal monitor tracing? a) Variable decelerations. b) Late decelerations. c) Decreased variability. d) Transient accelerations.

c) decreased variability

A nurse is caring for a gravid client who is G1 P0000, 35 weeks' gestation. Which of the following would warrant the nurse to notify the woman's health care practitioner that the client is in preterm labor? Select all that apply. a. Contraction frequency every 15 minutes. b. Effacement 10%. c. Dilation 3 cm. d. Cervical length of 2 cm. e. Contraction duration of 30 seconds.

c) dilation 3 cm d) cervical length of 2 cm

A woman with severe preeclampsia, 38 weeks' gestation, is being induced with IV oxytocin (Pitocin). Which of the following would warrant the nurse to stop the infusion? a. Blood pressure 160/110. b. Frequency of contractions every 3 minutes. c. Duration of contractions of 130 seconds. d. Fetal heart rate 156 with early decelerations.

c) duration of contractions of 130 seconds

A woman is to receive Prepidil (dinoprostone gel) for labor induction. The nurse should be prepared to administer the medication via which of the following routes? a. Intravenously. b. Orally. c. Endocervically. d. Intrathecally.

c) endocervically

The nurse is caring for two post-cesarean section clients in the postanesthesia suite. One of the clients had her surgery under spinal anesthesia, while the other client had her surgery under epidural anesthesia. Which of the following is an important difference between the two types of anesthesia that the nurse should be aware of? a. The level of the pain relief is lower in spinals. b. Placement of the needle is higher in epidurals. c. Epidurals do not fully sedate motor nerves. d. Spinal clients complain of nausea and vomiting.

c) epidurals do not fully sedate motor nerves

Which of the following responses is the primary rationale for the inclusion of the information taught in childbirth education classes? a) Mothers who are performing breathing exercises during labor refrain from yelling. b) Breathing and relaxation exercises are less exhausting than crying and moaning. c) Knowledge learned at childbirth education classes helps to break the fear-tension-pain cycle. d) Childbirth education classes help to promote positive maternal-newborn bonding.

c) knowledge learned at childbirth education classes helps to break the fear-tension-pain cycle

When performing Leopold's maneuvers, the nurse notes that the fetus is in the left occiput anterior position. Which is the best position for the nurse to place a fetoscope to hear the fetal heartbeat? a)Left upper quadrant. b)Right upper quadrant. c)Left lower quadrant. d)Right lower quadrant.

c) left lower quadrant

A woman who is hepatitis B-surface antigen positive is in active labor. Which action by the nurse is appropriate at this time? a. Obtain an order from the obstetrician to prepare the client for cesarean delivery. b. Obtain an order from the obstetrician to administer intravenous ampicillin during labor and the immediate postpartum. c. Obtain an order from the pediatrician to administer hepatitis B immune globulin and hepatitis B vaccine to the baby after birth. d. Obtain an order from the pediatrician to place the baby in isolation after delivery.

c) obtain an order from the pediatrician to administer hepatitis B immune globulin and hepatitis B vaccine to the baby after birth

Which of the following lab values should the nurse report to the physician as being consistent with the diagnosis of HELLP syndrome? a. Hematocrit 48%. b. Potassium 5.5 mEq/L. c. Platelets 75,000. d. Sodium 130 mEq/L.

c) platelets 75,000.

A 29-week-gravid client is admitted to the labor and delivery unit with vaginal bleeding. To differentiate between placenta previa and abruptio placentae, the nurse should assess which of the following? a. Leopold's maneuver results. b. Quantity of vaginal bleeding. c. Presence of abdominal pain. d. Maternal blood pressure.

c) presence of abdominal pain

Immediately prior to an amniotomy, the external fetal heart monitor tracing shows 145 bpm with early decelerations. Immediately following the procedure, an internal tracing shows a fetal heart rate of 120 with variable decelerations. A moderate amount of clear, amniotic fluid is seen on the bed linens. The nurse concludes that which of the following has occurred? a. Placental abruption. b. Eclampsia. c. Prolapsed cord. d. Succenturiate placenta.

c) prolapsed cord

The nurse is caring for an Orthodox Jewish woman in labor. It would be appropriate for the nurse to include which of the following in the plan of care? a) Encourage the father to hold his partner's hand during labor. b) Ask the woman if she would like to speak with her priest. c) Provide the woman with a long-sleeved hospital gown. d) Place an order for the woman's postpartum vegetarian diet.

c) provide the woman with a long-sleeved hospital gown

After a multiparous woman has been in active labor for 15 hours, an ultrasound is done. The results state that the obstetric conjugate is 10 cm and the suboccipitobregmatic diameter is 10.5 cm. Which of the following labor findings is related to these results? a. Full dilation of the cervix. b. Full effacement of the cervix. c. Station of -3. d. Frequency every 5 minutes.

c) station of -3

A multipara, LOA, station +3, who has had no pain medication during her labor, is now in stage 2. She states that her pain is 6 on a 10-point scale and that she wants an epidural. Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate? a) "Epidurals do not work well when the pain level is above level 5." b) "I will contact the doctor to get an order for an epidural right away." c) "The baby is going to be born very soon. It is really too late for an epidural." d) "I will check the fetal heart rate. You can have an epidural if it is over 120."

c) the baby is going to be born very soon. it is really too late for an epidural

A client, G3 P2002, 40 weeks' gestation, who has vaginal candidiasis, has just been admitted in early labor. Which of the following should the nurse advise the woman? a. She may need a cesarean delivery. b. She will be treated with antibiotics during labor. c. The baby may develop thrush after delivery. d. The baby will be isolated for at least one day.

c) the baby may develop thrush after delivery

The health care practitioner performed an amniotomy 5 minutes ago on a client, G3 P1011, 40 weeks' gestation, -4 station, and ROP position. The fetal heart rate is 140 with variable decelerations. The fluid is green tinged and smells musty. The nurse concludes that which of the following situations is present at this time? a. The fetus is post-term. b. The presentation is breech. c. The cord is prolapsed. d. The amniotic fluid is infected.

c) the cord is prolapsed

During the delivery of a macrosomic baby, the woman develops a fourth-degree laceration. How should the nurse document the extent of the laceration in the woman's medical record? a. Into the musculature of the buttock. b. Through the urinary meatus. c. Through the rectal sphincter. d. Into the head of the clitoris.

c) through the rectal sphincter

Which of the following situations in a fully dilated client is incompatible with a forceps delivery? Select all that apply. a. Maternal history of asthma. b. Right occiput posterior position at +4 station. c. Transverse fetal lie. d. Fetal heart rate of 60 beats per minute at -1 station. e. Maternal history of cerebral palsy.

c) transverse fetal lie d) fetal heart rate of 60 bpm at -1 station

Given the fetal heart rate pattern shown below, which of the following interventions should the nurse perform first? a. Increase the intravenous drip rate. b. Apply oxygen by face mask. c. Turn the woman on her side. d. Report the tracing to the obstetrician.

c) turn the woman on her side

Four women request to labor in the hospital bathtub. In which of the following situations is the procedure contraindicated? Select all that apply. a. Woman during transition. b. Woman during second stage of labor. c. Woman receiving oxytocin for induction. d. Woman with meconium-stained fluid. e. Woman with fetus in the occiput posterior position.

c) woman receiving oxytocin for induction d) woman with meconium-stained fluid

The nurse is caring for a nulliparous client who attended Lamaze childbirth education classes. Which of the following techniques should the nurse include in her plan of care? Select all that apply. a) Hypnotic suggestion. b) Rhythmic chanting. c) Muscle relaxation. d) Pelvic rocking. e) Abdominal massage.

c)muscle relaxation d)pelvic rocking e)abdominal massage

A client telephones the labor and delivery suite and states, "My bag of waters just broke and it smells funny." Which of the following responses would be appropriate for the nurse make at this time? a. "Have you notified your doctor of the smell?" b. "The bag of waters always has an unusual odor." c. "Your labor should start very soon." d. "Have you felt the baby move since the membranes broke?"

d) "have you felt the baby move since the membranes broke?"

A client is receiving terbutaline (Brethine) for preterm labor. Which of the following findings would warrant stopping the infusion? Select all that apply. a. Change in contraction pattern from q 3 min × 90 sec to q 2 min × 60 sec. b. Change in fetal heart pattern from no decelerations to early decelerations. c. Change in beat-to-beat variability from minimal to moderate. d. Change in fetal heart rate from 160 bpm to 210 bpm. e. Change in the amniotic sac from intact to ruptured.

d) change in fetal heart rate from 160 bpm to 210 bpm e) change in amniotic sac from intact to ruptured

A nurse is caring for four clients on the labor and delivery unit. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? a. Check the blood sugar of a gestational diabetic. b. Assess the vaginal blood loss of a client who is post-spontaneous abortion. c. Assess the patellar reflexes of a client with mild preeclampsia. d. Check the fetal heart rate of a client who just ruptured membranes.

d) check the fetal heart rate of a client who just ruptured membranes

A client, G4 P1021, has been admitted to the labor and delivery suite for induction of labor. The following assessments have been made: Bishop score of 2, fetal heart rate of 156 with good variability and no decelerations, TPR 98.6°F, P 88, R 20, BP 120/80, negative obstetric history. Cervidil (dinoprostone) has been inserted. Which of the following findings would warrant the removal of the prostaglandin? a. Bishop score of 4. b. Fetal heart rate of 152. c. Respiratory rate of 24. d. Contraction frequency of 1 minute.

d) contraction frequency of 1 minute

A nurse describes a client's contraction pattern as: frequency every 3 min and duration 60 sec. Which of the following responses corresponds to this description? a) Contractions lasting 60 seconds followed by a 1-minute rest period. b) Contractions lasting 120 seconds followed by a 2-minute rest period. c) Contractions lasting 2 minutes followed by a 60-second rest period. d) Contractions lasting 1 minute followed by a 120-second rest period.

d) contractions lasting 1 minute followed by a 120-second rest period

A 40-week-gestation client has an admitting platelet count of 90,000 cells/mm3 and a hematocrit of 29%. Her lab values 1 week earlier were platelet count 200,000 cells/mm3 and hematocrit 37%. Which additional abnormal lab value would the nurse expect to see? a. Decreased serum creatinine level. b. Elevated red blood count (RBC). c. Decreased alkaline phosphatase. d. Elevated alanine transaminase (ALT).

d) elevated alanine transaminase (ALT)

A woman, G2 P0101, 5 cm dilated, and 30% effaced, is doing first-level Lamaze breathing with contractions. The nurse detects that the woman's shoulder and face muscles are beginning to tense during the contractions. Which of the following interventions should the nurse perform first? a) Encourage the woman to have an epidural. b) Encourage the woman to accept intravenous analgesia. c) Encourage the woman to change her position. d) Encourage the woman to perform the next level breathing.

d) encourage the woman to perform the next level breathing

The nurse documents in a laboring woman's chart that the fetal heart is being "assessed via intermittent auscultation." To be consistent with this statement, the nurse, using a Doppler electrode, should assess the fetal heart at which of the following times? a) After every contraction. b) For 10 minutes every half hour. c) Periodically during the peak of contractions. d) For 1 minute immediately after contractions.

d) for 1 minute immediately after contractions

A woman, G3 P2002, 42 weeks' gestation, is admitted to the labor suite for induction. A biophysical profile (BPP) report on the client's chart states BPP score of 6 of 10. The nurse should monitor this client carefully for which of the following? a. Maternal hypertension. b. Maternal hyperglycemia. c. Increased fetal heart variability. d. Late fetal heart decelerations.

d) late fetal heart decelerations

A primigravid client received Cervidil (dinoprostone) for induction 8 hours ago. The Bishop score is now 10. Which of the following actions by the nurse is appropriate? a. Perform nitrazine analysis of amniotic fluid. b. Report abnormal findings to the obstetrician. c. Place woman on her side. d. Monitor for onset of labor.

d) monitor for onset of labor

A woman, G3 P2002, is 6 cm dilated. The fetal monitor tracing shows recurring deep late decelerations. The woman's doctor informs her that the baby must be delivered by cesarean section. The woman refuses to sign the informed consent. Which of the following actions by the nurse is appropriate? a. Strongly encourage the woman to sign the informed consent. b. Prepare the woman for the cesarean section. c. Inform the woman that the baby will likely die without the surgery. d. Provide the woman with ongoing labor support.

d) provide the woman with ongoing labor support

A client is on magnesium sulfate for severe preeclampsia. The nurse must notify the attending physician regarding which of the following findings? a. Patellar and biceps reflexes of +3. b. Urinary output of 30 mL/hr. c. Respiratory rate of 16 rpm. d. Serum magnesium level of 9 g/dL.

d) serum magnesium level of 9 g/dL

Which of the following situations is considered a vaginal delivery emergency? a. Third stage of labor lasting 20 minutes. b. Fetal heart dropping during contractions. c. Three-vessel cord. d. Shoulder dystocia.

d) shoulder dystocia

A nurse is teaching a class of pregnant couples the most therapeutic breathing technique for the latent phase of labor. Which of the following techniques did the nurse teach? a) Alternately panting and blowing. b) Rapid, deep breathing. c) Grunting and pushing with contractions. d) Slow chest breathing.

d) slow chest breathing

A baby is entering the pelvis in the vertex presentation and in the extended attitude. The nurse determines that which of the following positions is consistent with this situation? a. LMA (left mentum anterior). b. LSP (left sacral posterior). c. RScT (right scapular transverse). d. ROP (right occiput posterior).

a) LMA (left mentum anterior)

A nurse has been assigned to circulate during the cesarean section of triplets. Which of the following actions should the nurse take before the birth of the babies? Select all that apply. a. Count the number of sterile sponges. b. Document the time of the first incision. c. Notify the pediatric staff. d. Perform a sterile scrub. e. Assemble the sterile instruments.

a) count the number of sterile sponges b)document the time of the first incision c) notify the pediatric staff

A client enters the labor and delivery suite. It is essential that the nurse note the woman's status in relation to which of the following infectious diseases? Select all that apply. a. Hepatitis B. b. Rubeola. c. Varicella. d. Group B streptococcus. e. HIV/AIDS.

a) hepatitis B d)group B streptococcus e) HIV/AIDS

The nurse auscultates a fetal heart rate of 152 on a client in early labor. Which of the following actions by the nurse is appropriate? a) Inform the mother that the rate is normal. b) Reassess in 5 minutes to verify the results. c) Immediately report the rate to the health care practitioner. d) Place the client on her left side and apply oxygen by face mask.

a) inform the mother that the rate is normal

The nurse is caring for a laboring gravida who is 43 weeks pregnant. For which of the following should the nurse carefully monitor this client and fetus? a. Late decelerations. b. Hyperthermia. c. Hypotension. d. Early decelerations.

a) late decelerations

The labor and delivery nurse performs Leopold's maneuvers. A soft round mass is felt in the fundal region. A flat object is noted on the left and small objects are noted on the right of the uterus. A hard round mass is noted above the symphysis. Which of the following positions is consistent with these findings? a)Left occipital anterior (LOA). b)Left sacral posterior (LSP). c)Right mentum anterior (RMA). d)Right sacral posterior (RSP).

a) left occipital anterior (LOA)

A client is in the second stage of labor. She falls asleep immediately after a contraction. Which of the following actions should the nurse perform as a result? a) Awaken the woman and remind her to push. b) Cover the woman's perineum with a sheet. c) Assess the woman's blood pressure and pulse. d) Administer oxygen to the woman via face mask.

b) cover the woman's perineum with a sheet

Immediately following administration of an epidural anesthesia, the nurse must monitor the mother for which of the following? a) Paresthesias in her feet and legs. b) Drop in blood pressure. c) Increase in central venous pressure. d) Fetal heart accelerations.

b) drop in blood pressure

The nurse is caring for a 30-week-gestation client whose fetal fibronectin (fFN) levels are positive. It is essential that she be taught about which of the following? a. How to use a blood glucose monitor. b. Signs of preterm labor. c. Signs of preeclampsia. d. How to do fetal kick count assessments.

b) signs of preterm labor

A full-term client, contracting every 15 min × 30 sec, has had ruptured membranes for 20 hours. Which of the following nursing interventions is contraindicated at this time? a. Intermittent fetal heart auscultation. b. Vaginal examination. c. Intravenous fluid administration. d. Nipple stimulation.

b) vaginal examination

A low-risk 38-week gestation woman calls the labor unit and says, "I have to come to the hospital right now. I just saw pink streaks on the toilet tissue when I went to the bathroom. I'm bleeding." Which of the following responses should the nurse make first? a) "Does it burn when you void?" b) "You sound frightened." c) "That is just the mucous plug." d) "How much blood is there?"

b) you sound frightened

The labor nurse has just received a shift report on four gravid patients. Which of the patients should the nurse assess first? a. G5 P2202, 32 weeks, placenta previa, today's hemoglobin 11.6 g/dL. b. G2 P0101, 39 weeks, type 2 diabetic, blood glucose (15 minutes ago) 85 mg/dL. c. G1 P0000, 32 weeks, placental abruption, fetal heart (15 minutes ago) 120 bpm. d. G2 P1001, 39 weeks, Rh-negative, today's hematocrit 31%.

c) G1 P0000, 32 weeks, placental abruption, fetal heart (15 minutes ago) 120 bpm

A woman being induced with oxytocin (Pitocin) is contracting every 3 min × 30 seconds. Suddenly the woman becomes dypsneic and cyanotic, and begins to cough up bloody sputum. Which of the following nursing interventions is of highest priority? a. Check blood pressure. b. Assess fetal heart rate. c. Administer oxygen. d. Stop oxytocin infusion.

c) administer oxygen

The nurse is providing acupressure to provide pain relief to a woman in labor. Where is the best location for the acupressure to be applied? Select all that apply. a) On the malleolus of the wrist. b) Above the patella of the knee. c) On the medial aspect of the lower leg. d) At the top one third of the sole of the foot. e) Below the medial epicondyle of the elbow.

c) on the medial aspect of the lower leg d) at the top one third of the sole of the foot

The nurse is monitoring a woman, G2 P1001, 41 weeks' gestation, in labor. A 12 p.m. assessment revealed: cervix, 4 cm; 80% effaced; -3 station; and FH 124 with moderate variability. A 5 p.m. assessment: cervix, 6 cm; 90% effaced; -3 station; and FH 120 with moderate variability. A 10 p.m. assessment: cervix, 8 cm; 100% effaced; -3 station; and FH 124 with moderate variability. Based on the assessments, which of the following should the nurse conclude? a. Labor is progressing well. b. The woman is likely carrying a macrosomic fetus. c. The baby is in fetal distress. d. The woman will be in second stage in about five hours.

b) the woman is likely carrying a macrocosmic fetus

A G1 P0, 8 cm dilated, is to receive pain medication. The health care practitioner has decided to order an opiate analgesic with an analgesic-potentiating medication. Which of the following medications would the nurse expect to be ordered as the analgesic-potentiating medication? a) Seconal (secobarbital). b) Vistaril (hydroxyzine). c) Benadryl (diphenhydramine). d) Tylenol (acetaminophen).

b) vistaril (hydroxyzine)

The doctor writes the following order for a 31-week-gravid client with symptomatic placenta previa: Weigh all vaginal pads and estimate blood loss. The nurse weighs one of the client's saturated pads at 24 grams and a dry pad at 4 grams. How many milliliters (mL) of blood can the nurse estimate the client has bled? Calculate to the nearest whole number. _________ mL.

20 mL

An insulin-dependent diabetic is in active labor. The physician has written the following order: Administer regular insulin 5 units per hour via IV pump. The insulin has been diluted as follows: 50 units/500 mL normal saline. At what rate should the nurse set the pump? Please calculate to the nearest whole number.

50 mL/hr

what are the two most acceptable fetal positions?

LOA and ROA

Which of the following nonpharmacological interventions recommended by nurse midwives may help a client at full term to go into labor? Select all that apply. a) Engage in sexual intercourse. b) Ingest evening primrose oil. c) Perform yoga exercises. d) Eat raw spinach. e) Massage the breast and nipples.

a)Engage in sexual intercourse. b)Ingest evening primrose oil e)Massage the breast and nipples.

how to calculate frequency of contraction

beginning of one contraction to the beginning of the next

A preterm labor client, 30 weeks' gestation, who ruptured membranes 4 hours ago, is being given IM dexamethasone (Decadron). When she asks why she is receiving the drug, the nurse replies: a. "To help to stop your labor contractions." b. "To prevent an infection in your uterus." c. "To help to mature your baby's lungs." d. "To decrease the pain from the contractions."

c) "to help to mature your baby's lungs"

A client with an internal fetal monitor catheter in place has just received IV butorphanol (Stadol) for pain relief. Which of the following monitor tracing changes should the nurse anticipate? a. Early decelerations. b. Late decelerations. c. Diminished short- and long-term variability. d. Accelerations after contractions.

c) diminished short- and long-term variability

The results from a fetal blood sampling test are reported as pH 7.22. The nurse interprets the results as: a. The baby is severely acidotic. b. The baby must be delivered as soon as possible. c. The results are equivocal, warranting further sampling. d. The results are within normal limits.

c) the results are equivocal, warranting further sampling

A nurse is caring for four laboring women. Which of the women will the nurse carefully monitor for signs of abruptio placentae? a. G2 P0010, 27 weeks' gestation. b. G3 P1101, 17 years of age. c. G4 P2101, cancer survivor. d. G5 P1211, cocaine abuser.

d) G5 P1211, cocaine abuser

A client is in active labor. Which of the following assessments would warrant immediate intervention? a. Maternal PaCO2 of 40 mm Hg. b. Alpha-fetoprotein values of 2 times normal. c. 3 fetal heart accelerations during contractions. d. Fetal scalp sampling pH of 7.19.

d) fetal scalp sampling pH of 7.19.

A woman is scheduled to have an external version for a breech presentation. The nurse carefully assesses the client's chart knowing that which of the following is a contraindication to this procedure? a. Station -2. b. 38 weeks' gestation. c. Reactive NST. d. Previous cesarean section.

d) previous c/s

LSA (fetal positioning)

left sacrum anterior (butt first with the majority of the body on the left side)

RSA (fetal positioning)

right sacrum anterior (butt first with the majority of the body on the right side)

A client is scheduled for an external version. The nurse would expect to prepare which of the following medications to be administered prior to the procedure? a. Oxytocin (Pitocin). b. Ergonovine (Methergine). c. Betamethasone (Celestone). d. Terbutaline (Brethine).

d) terbutaline (brethine)

88) The health care practitioner orders the following medication for a laboring client: Stadol 0.5 mg IV STAT for pain. The drug is on hand in the following concentration: Stadol 2 mg/mL. How many mL of medication will the nurse administer? Calculate to the nearest hundredth

0.25 mL

The physician writes the following order for a newly admitted client in labor: Begin a 1000 mL IV of D5 1/2 NS at 150 mL/hr. The IV tubing states that the drop factor is 10 gtt/mL. Please calculate the drip rate to the nearest whole

25 gtt/min

A woman, 402⁄7 weeks' gestation, has had ruptured membranes for 15 hours with no labor contractions. Her obstetrician has ordered 10 units oxytocin (Pitocin) to be diluted in 1,000 mL D51⁄2 NS. The order reads: Administer oxytocin IVat 0.5 milliunits per min. Calculate the drip rate for the infusion pump to be programmed. Please calculate to the nearest whole number.__________

3 mL/hr 0.5 x 60= 30 milliunits per hour 30/1 x 1000/10units=300/300 x 1000/300 x=3

A client, 38 weeks' gestation, is being induced with IV oxytocin (Pitocin) for hypertension and oligohydramnios. She is contracting q 3 min × 60 to 90 seconds. She suddenly complains of abdominal pain accompanied by significant fetal heart bradycardia. Which of the following interventions should the nurse perform first? a. Turn off the oxytocin infusion. b. Administer oxygen via face mask. c. Reposition the patient. d. Call the obstetrician.

a) turn off the oxytocin infusion

how to calculate duration

count how long the contraction lasts

A woman who states that she "thinks" she is in labor enters the labor suite. Which of the following assessments will provide the nurse with the most valuable information regarding the client's labor status? a)Leopold's maneuvers b)Fundal contractility c)Fetal heart assessment d)Vaginal examination

d) vaginal examination

A client, G3 P2002, is immediately postexternal version. The nurse monitors this client carefully for which of the following? a. Decreased urinary output. b. Elevated blood pressure. c. Severe occipital headache. d. Variable fetal heart decelerations.

d) variable fetal heart decelerations

A client in labor is talkative and happy. How many centimeters dilated would a maternity nurse suspect that the client is at this time? a) 2cm. b) 4cm. c) 8cm. d) 10 cm.

a) 2cm

The nurse is to intervene when caring for a laboring client whose baby is exhibiting signs of fetal distress. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? a. Administer oxygen via nasal cannula. b. Place the client in high Fowler's position. c. Remove the internal fetal monitor electrode d. Increase the intravenous infusion rate.

d) increase the intravenous infusion rate

A nurse is caring for women from four different countries. Which of the women is most likely to request that her head be kept covered throughout her hospitalization? a) Arabic woman. b) Chinese woman. c) Russian woman. d) Greek woman.

a) Arabic woman

A 28-week-gestation client with intact membranes is admitted with the following findings: Contractions every 5 min × 60 sec, 3 cm dilated, 80% effaced. Which of the following medications will the obstetrician likely order? a. Oxytocin (Pitocin). b. Ergonovine (Methergine). c. Magnesium sulfate. d. Morphine sulfate.

c) magnesium sulfate

A woman has just arrived at the labor and delivery suite. To report the client's status to her primary health care practitioner, which of the following assessments should the nurse perform? Select all that apply. a)Fetal heart rate. b)Contraction pattern. c)Urinalysis. d)Vital signs. e)Biophysical profile.

a) fetal heart rate b) contraction pattern d) vital signs

A nurse is assisting an anesthesiologist who is inserting an epidural catheter. Which of the following positions should the nurse assist the woman into? a) Fetal position. b) Lithotomy position. c) Trendelenburg position. d) Lateral recumbent position.

a) fetal position

The nurse is admitting a 38-week-gestation client in labor. The nurse is unable to find the fetal heartbeat with a Doppler. Which of the following comments by the nurse would indicate that the nurse is in denial? a. "I'll keep trying until I find the heartbeat." b. "I am sure it is the machine. If I change the battery, I'm sure it will work." c. "I am so sorry. I am not able to find your baby's heartbeat." d. "Sometimes I really hate these machines."

a) "I'll keep trying until I find the heartbeat"

A client, 42 weeks' gestation, is admitted to the labor and delivery suite with a diagnosis of acute oligohydramnios. The nurse must carefully observe this client for signs of which of the following? a. Fetal distress. b. Dehydration. c. Oliguria. d. Jaundice.

a) fetal distress

A 38-week-gestation woman is in labor and delivery with a painful, board-like abdomen and progressively larger serial girth measurements. Which of the following assessments is appropriate at this time? a. Fetal heart rate. b. Cervical dilation. c. White blood cell count. d. Maternal lung sounds.

a) fetal heart rate

To reduce possible side effects from a cesarean section under general anesthesia, clients are routinely given which of the following medications? a. Antacids. b. Tranquilizers. c. Antihypertensives. d. Anticonvulsants.

a) antacids

During a vaginal examination, the nurse palpates fetal buttocks that are facing the left posterior and are 1 cm above the ischial spines. Which of the following is consistent with this assessment? a)LOA −1 station. b)LSP −1 station. c)LMP +1 station. d)LSA +1 station.

b) LSP -1 station

In which of the following clinical situations would it be appropriate for an obstetrician to order a labor nurse to perform amnioinfusion? a. Placental abruption. b. Meconium-stained fluid. c. Polyhydramnios. d. Late decelerations.

b) meconium-stained fluid

The nurse is assessing the fetal station during a vaginal examination. Which of the following structures should the nurse palpate? a)Sacral promontory. b)Ischial spines. c)Cervix. d)Symphysis pubis.

b)ischial spines

A client had an epidural inserted 2 hours ago. It is functioning well, the client is hemodynamically stable, and the client's labor is progressing as expected. Which of the following assessments is highest priority at this time? a. Assess blood pressure every 15 minutes. b. Assess pulse rate every 1 hour. c. Palpate bladder. d. Auscultate lungs.

c) palpate bladder

The nurse is interpreting the results of a fetal blood sampling test. Which of the following reports would the nurse expect to see? a) Oxygen saturation of 99%. b) Hgb of 11 g/dL. c) Serum glucose of 140 mg/dL. d) pH of 7.30.

d) pH of 7.30

A pregnant woman, G3 P2002, had her two other children by cesarean section. Which of the following situations would mandate that this delivery also be by cesarean? a. The woman refuses to have a regional anesthesia. b. The woman is postdates with intact membranes. c. The baby is in the occiput posterior position d. The previous uterine incisions were vertical.

d) the previous uterine incisions were vertical

An anesthesiologist informs the nurse that a woman scheduled for cesarean section will have the procedure under general anesthesia with postoperative patient-controlled analgesia rather than under continuous epidural infusion. Which of the following would warrant this decision? a. The woman has a history of drug addiction. b. The woman is allergic to morphine sulfate. c. The woman is a thirteen-year-old adolescent. d. The woman has had surgery for scoliosis.

d) the woman has had surgery for scoliosis

A nurse is monitoring a client who is receiving an amnioinfusion. Which of the following assessments is critical for the nurse to make to prevent a serious complication related to the procedure? a. Color of the amniotic fluid. b. Maternal blood pressure. c. Cervical effacement. d. Uterine resting tone.

d) uterine resting tone

An obstetrician is performing an amniotomy on a gravid woman in transition. Which of the following assessments must the nurse make immediately following the procedure? a) Maternal blood pressure. b) Maternal pulse. c) Fetal heart rate. d) Fetal fibronectin level.

c) fetal heart rate

A nurse determines that a client is carrying a fetus in the vertical lie. The nurse's judgment should be questioned if the fetal presenting part is which of the following? a) Sacrum. b) Occiput. c) Mentum. d) Scapula.

d) scapula

A physician has given a nurse a verbal order to apply cricoid pressure. Which of the following is the likely indication for the action? a. Forceps delivery. b. Endotracheal tube insertion. c. Epidural insertion. d. Third stage of labor.

b) endotracheal tube insertion

A woman, 40 weeks' gestation, calls the labor unit to see whether or not she should go to the hospital to be evaluated. Which of the following statements by the woman indicates that she is probably in labor and should proceed to the hospital? a) "The contractions are 5 to 20 minutes apart." b) "I saw a pink discharge on the toilet tissue when I went to the bathroom." c) "I have had cramping for the past 3 or 4 hours." d) "The contractions are about a minute long and I am unable to talk through them."

d) the contractions are about a minute long and I am unable to talk through them

In addition to breathing with contractions, which of the following actions can help a woman in the first stage of labor to work with her pain? a) Lying in the lithotomy position. b) Performing effleurage. c) Practicing Kegel exercises. d) Pushing with each contraction.

b) performing effleurage

The nurse wishes to assess the variability of the fetal heart rate. Which of the following actions is recommended prior to performing this assessment? a) Place the client in the lateral recumbent position. b) Insert an internal fetal monitor electrode. c) Administer oxygen to the mother via face mask. d) Ask the mother to indicate when she feels fetal movement.

b) insert an internal fetal monitor electrode

Which of the following actions would the nurse expect to perform immediately before a woman is to have regional anesthesia? Select all that apply. a) Assess fetal heart rate. b) Infuse 1,000 mL of Ringer's lactate. c) Place the woman in the Trendelenburg position. d) Monitor blood pressure every 5 minutes for 15 minutes. e) Have the woman empty her bladder.

a) assess fetal heart rate b)infuse 1,000 mL of lactated ringer's e) have the woman empty her bladder

On examination, it is noted that a full-term primipara in active labor is right occipi- toanterior (ROA), 7 cm dilated, and +3 station. Which of the following should the nurse report to the physician? a)Descent is progressing well. b)Fetal head is not yet engaged. c)Vaginal delivery is imminent. d)External rotation is complete.

a) descent is progressing well

A 40-week-gestation woman has received Cytotec (misoprostol) for cervical ripening. For which of the following signs/symptoms should the nurse carefully monitor the client? a. Diarrhea and back pain. b. Hypothermia and rectal pressure. c. Urinary retention and rash. d. Tinnitus and respiratory distress.

a) diarrhea and back pain

A woman has decided to hire a doula to work with her during labor and delivery. Which of the following actions would be appropriate for the doula to perform? Select all that apply. a) Give the woman a back rub. b) Assist the woman with her breathing. c) Assess the fetal heart rate. d) Check the woman's blood pressure. e) Regulate the woman's intravenous.

a) give the woman a back rub b) assist the woman with her breathing

A client is in the third stage of labor. Which of the following assessments should the nurse make/observe for? Select all that apply. a) Lengthening of the umbilical cord. b) Fetal heart assessment after each contraction. c) Uterus rising in the abdomen and feeling globular. d) Rapid cervical dilation to ten centimeters. e) Maternal complaints of intense rectal pressure.

a) lengthening of the umbilical cord c)uterus rising in the abdomen and feeling globular

The physician has ordered oxytocin (Pitocin) for induction for 4 gravidas. In which of the following situations should the nurse refuse to comply with the order? a. Primigravida with a transverse lie. b. Multigravida with cerebral palsy. c. Primigravida who is 14 years old. d. Multigravida who has type 1 diabetes.

a) primigravida with a transverse lie

While caring for a client in the transition phase of labor, the nurse notes that the fetal monitor tracing shows average short-term and long-term variability with a baseline of 142 beats per minute (bpm). What should the nurse do? a) Provide caring labor support. b) Administer oxygen via face mask. c) Change the client's position. d) Speed up the client's intravenous.

a) provide caring labor support

A midwife advises a mother that her obstetric conjugate is of average size. How should the nurse interpret that information for the mother? a) The anterior to posterior diameter of the pelvis will accommodate a fetus with an average-sized head. b) The fetal head is flexed so that it is of average diameter. c) The mother's cervix is of average dilation for the start of labor. d) The distance between the mother's physiological retraction ring and the fetal head is of average dimensions.

a) the anterior to posterior diameter of the pelvis will accommodate a fetus with an average-sized head

A nurse concludes that a woman is in the latent phase of labor. Which of the following signs/symptoms would lead a nurse to that conclusion? a) The woman talks and laughs during contractions. b) The woman complains about severe back labor. c) The woman performs effleurage during a contraction. d) The woman asks to go to the bathroom to defecate.

a) the woman talks and laughs during contractions

The nurse is performing a vaginal examination on a client in labor. The client is found to be 5 cm dilated, 90% effaced, and station −2. Which of the following has the nurse palpated? a) Thin cervix. b) Bulging fetal membranes. c) Head at the pelvic outlet. d) Closed cervix.

a) thin cervix

A client enters the labor and delivery suite stating that she thinks she is in labor. Which of the following information about the woman should the nurse note from the woman's prenatal record before proceeding with the physical assessment? Select all that apply. a)Weight gain b)Ethnicity and religion c)Age d)Type of insurance e)Gravidity and parity

a) weight gain b) ethnicity and religion c) age e) gravidity and parity

A pregnant woman is discussing positioning and the use of leg stirrups for delivery with a labor nurse. Which of the following client responses indicates that the client understood the information? Select all that apply. a) When the client states, "I am glad that deliveries can take place in a variety of places, including a Jacuzzi bathtub." b) When the client says, "I heard that for doctors to deliver babies safely, it is essential to have the mother's legs up in stirrups." c) When the client states, "I understand that if the fetus needs to turn during labor, I may end up delivering the baby on my hands and knees." d) When the client says, "During difficult deliveries it is sometimes necessary to put a woman's legs up in stirrups." e) When the client states, "I heard that midwives often deliver their patients either in the side-lying or squatting position."

a) when the client states, "I am glad that deliveries can take place in a variety of places, including a jacuzzi bathtub" c) When the client states, "I understand that if the fetus needs to turn during labor, I may end up delivering the baby on my hands and knees." d) When the client says, "During difficult deliveries it is sometimes necessary to put a woman's legs up in stirrups." e) When the client states, "I heard that midwives often deliver their patients either in the side-lying or squatting position."

The childbirth education nurse is evaluating the learning of four women, 38 to 40 weeks' gestation, regarding when they should go to the hospital. The nurse determines that the teaching was successful when a client makes which of the following statements? Select all that apply. a) The client who says, "If I feel a pain in my back and lower abdomen every 5 min- utes." b) The client who says, "When I feel a gush of clear fluid from my vagina." c) The client who says, "When I go to the bathroom and see the mucous plug on the toilet tissue." d) The client who says, "If I ever notice a greenish discharge from my vagina." e) The client who says, "When I have felt cramping in my abdomen for 4 hours or more."

a)The client who says, "If I feel a pain in my back and lower abdomen every 5 min- utes." b)The client who says, "When I feel a gush of clear fluid from my vagina." d) the client who says, "if I ever notice a greenish discharge from my vagina"

When, during the latent phase of labor, should the nurse assess the fetal heart pattern of a low-risk woman, G1 P0000? Select all that apply. a)After vaginal exams. b)Before administration of analgesics. c)Periodically at the end of a contraction. d)Every ten minutes. e)Before ambulating.

a)after vaginal exams b)before administration of analgesics c)periodically at the end of a contraction e)before ambulating

A nurse is caring for a laboring woman who is in transition. Which of the following signs/symptoms would indicate that the woman is progressing into the second stage of labor? Select all that apply. a)Bulging perineum. b)Increased bloody show. c)Spontaneous rupture of the membranes. d)Uncontrollable urge to push. e)Inability to breathe through contractions.

a)bulging perineum b)increased bloody show d)uncontrollable urge to push

The nurse is assessing an internal fetal heart monitor tracing of an unmedicated, full- term gravida who is in transition. Which of the following heart rate patterns would the nurse interpret as normal? a) Baseline of 140 to 150 with V-shaped decelerations to 120 unrelated to contractions. b) Baseline of 140 to 150 with decelerations to 100 that mirror each of the contractions. c) Baseline of 140 to 142 with decelerations to 120 that return to baseline after the end of the contractions. d) Baseline of 140 to 142 with no obvious decelerations or accelerations.

b) baseline of 140 to 150 with decelerations to 100 that mirror each of the contractions

A woman is in the second stage of labor with a strong urge to push. Which of the following actions by the nurse is appropriate at this time? a) Assess the fetal heart rate between contractions every 60 minutes. b) Encourage the woman to grunt during contractions. c) Assess the pulse and respirations of the mother every 5 minutes. d) Position the woman on her back with her knees on her chest.

b) encourage the woman to grunt during contractions

A gravid client, G3 P2002, was examined 5 minutes ago. Her cervix was 8 cm dilated and 90% effaced. She now states that she needs to move her bowels. Which of the following actions should the nurse perform first? a) Offer the client the bedpan. b) Evaluate the progress of labor. c) Notify the physician. d) Encourage the patient to push.

b) evaluate the progress of labor

A client who is 7 cm dilated and 100% effaced is breathing at a rate of 50 breaths per minute during contractions. Immediately after a contraction, she complains of tingling in her fingers and some light-headedness. Which of the following actions should the nurse take at this time? a) Assess the blood pressure. b) Have the woman breathe into a bag. c) Turn the woman on her side. d) Check the fetal heart rate.

b) have the woman breathe into a bag

The nurse is assessing a client who states, "I think I'm in labor." Which of the following findings would positively confirm the client's belief? a) She is contracting q 5 min × 60 sec. b) Her cervix has dilated from 2 to 4 cm. c) Her membranes have ruptured. d) The fetal head is engaged.

b) her cervix has dilated from 2 to 4 cm

A nurse is assessing the vital signs of a client in labor at the peak of a contraction. Which of the following findings would the nurse expect to see? a) Decreased pulse rate. b) Hypertension. c) Hyperthermia d) Decreased respiratory rate.

b) hypertension

Which of the following actions is appropriate for the nurse to perform when caring for a Chinese-speaking woman in active labor? a) Apply heat to the woman's back. b) Inquire regarding the woman's pain level. c) Make sure that the woman's head is covered. d) Accept the woman's loud verbalizations.

b) inquire regarding the woman's pain level

A client in labor, G2 P1001, was admitted 1 hour ago at 2 cm dilated and 50% effaced. She was talkative and excited at that time. During the past 10 minutes she has become serious, closing her eyes and breathing rapidly with each contraction. Which of the following is an accurate nursing assessment of the situation? a)The client had poor childbirth education prior to labor. b)The client is exhibiting an expected behavior for labor. c)The client is becoming hypoxic and hypercapnic. d)The client needs her alpha-fetoprotein levels checked

b) the client is exhibiting an expected behavior for labor

An ultrasound report states, "The fetal head has entered the pelvic inlet." What does the nurse interpret this statement to mean? a) The fetus has become engaged. b) The fetal head has entered the true pelvis. c) The fetal lie is horizontal. d) The fetus is in an extended attitude.

b) the fetal head has entered the true pelvis

An induction of a 42-week gravida with IV oxytocin (Pitocin) is begun at 0900 at a rate of 0.5 milliunits per minute. The woman's primary physician orders: Increase the oxytocin drip by 0.5 milliunits per minute every 10 minutes until contractions are every 3 minutes × 60 seconds. The nurse refuses to comply with the order. Which of the following is the rationale for the nurse's action? a. Fetal distress has been noted in labors when oxytocin dosages greater than 2 milliunits per minute are administered. b. The relatively long half-life of oxytocin can result in unsafe intravascular concentrations of the drug. c. It is unsafe practice to administer oxytocin intravenously to a woman who is carrying a postdates fetus. d. A contraction duration of 60 seconds can lead to fetal compromise in a baby that is postmature.

b) the relatively long half-life of oxytocin can result in unsafe intravascular concentrations of the drug

A woman had a baby by normal spontaneous delivery 10 minutes ago. The nurse notes that a gush of blood was just expelled from the vagina and the umbilical cord lengthened. What should the nurse conclude? a) The woman has an internal laceration. b) The woman is about to deliver the placenta. c) The woman has an atonic uterus. d) The woman is ready to expel the cord bloods.

b) the woman is about to deliver the placenta

A woman, G1 P0000, 40 weeks' gestation, entered the labor suite stating that she is in labor. Upon examination it is noted that the woman is 2 cm dilated, 30% effaced, contracting every 12 min × 30 sec. Fetal heart rate is in the 140s with good variabil- ity and spontaneous accelerations. What should the nurse conclude when reporting the findings to the primary health care practitioner? a) The woman is high risk and should be placed on tocolytics. b) The woman is in early labor and could be sent home. c) The woman is high risk and could be induced. d) The woman is in active labor and should be admitted to the unit.

b) the woman is in early labor and could be sent home

On vaginal examination, it is noted that a woman with a well-functioning epidural is in the second stage of labor. The station is −2 and the baseline fetal heart rate is 130 with no decelerations. Which of the following nursing actions is appropriate at this time? a) Coach the woman to hold her breath while pushing 3 to 4 times with each contraction. b) Administer oxygen via face mask at 8 to 10 liters per minute. c) Delay pushing until the baby descends further and the mother has a strong urge to push. d) Place the woman on her side and assess her oxygen saturation.

c) delay pushing until the baby descends further and the mother has a strong urge to push

A client is complaining of severe back labor. Which of the following nursing inter- ventions would be most effective? a) Assist mother with childbirth breathing. b) Encourage mother to have an epidural. c) Provide direct sacral pressure. d) Move the woman to a hydrotherapy tub.

c) provide direct sacral pressure

The childbirth educator is teaching a class of pregnant couples the breathing technique that is most appropriate during the second stage of labor. Which of the following techniques did the nurse teach the women to do? a) Alternately pant and blow. b) Take rhythmic, shallow breaths c) Push down with an open glottis. d) Do slow chest breathing.

c) push down with an open glottis

A nurse has just performed a vaginal examination on a client in labor. The nurse palpates the baby's buttocks as facing the mother's right side. Where should the nurse place the external fetal monitor electrode? a) Left upper quadrant (LUQ). b) Left lower quadrant (LLQ). c) Right upper quadrant (RUQ). d) Right lower quadrant (RLQ).

c) right upper quadrant (RUQ)

While performing Leopold's maneuvers on a woman in labor, the nurse palpates a hard round mass in the fundal area, a flat surface on the left side, small objects on the right side, and a soft round mass just above the symphysis. Which of the following is a reasonable conclusion by the nurse? a)The fetal position is transverse. b)The fetal presentation is vertex. c)The fetal lie is vertical. d)The fetal attitude is flexed.

c) the fetal lie is vertical

During the third stage, the following physiological changes occur. Please place the changes in chronological order. a) Hematoma forms behind the placenta. b) Membranes separate from the uterine wall. c) The uterus contracts firmly. d) The uterine surface area dramatically decreases.

c) the uterus contracts firmly d) the uterine surface area dramatically decreases a) hematoma forms behind the placenta b) membranes separate from uterine wall

A nurse is teaching childbirth education classes to a group of pregnant teens. Which of the following strategies would promote learning by the young women? a) Avoiding the discussion of uncomfortable procedures like vaginal exams and blood tests. b) Focusing the discussion on baby care rather than on labor and delivery. c) Utilizing visual aids like movies and posters during the classes. d) Having the classes at a location other than high school to reduce their embarrassment.

c) utilizing visual aids like movies and posters during the classes

The nurse enters a laboring client's room. The client is complaining of intense back pain with each contraction. The nurse concludes that the fetus is likely in which of the following positions? a)Mentum anterior. b)Sacrum posterior. c)Occiput posterior. d)Scapula anterior.

c)occiput posterior

One hour ago, a multipara was examined with the following results: 8 cm, 50% effaced, and +1 station. She is now pushing with contractions and the fetal head is seen at the vaginal introitus. The nurse concludes that the client is now: a) 9 cm dilated, 70% effaced, and +2 station. b) 9 cm dilated, 80% effaced, and +3 station. c) 10 cm dilated, 90% effaced, and +4 station. d) 10 cm dilated, 100% effaced, and +5 station.

d) 10 cm dilated, 100% effaced, and +5 station

It is 4 p.m. A client, G1 P0000, 3 cm dilated, asks the nurse when the dinner tray will be served. The nurse replies: a) "Laboring clients are never allowed to eat." b) "Believe me, you will not want to eat by the time it is the dinner hour. Most women throw up, you know." c) "The dinner tray should arrive in an hour or two." d) "A heavy meal is discouraged. I can get clear fluids for you whenever you would like them, though."

d) a heavy meal is discouraged. I can get clear fluids for you whenever you would like them, though

To decrease the possibility of a perineal laceration during delivery, the nurse performs which of the following interventions prior to the delivery? a) Assists the woman into a squatting position. b) Advises the woman to push only when she feels the urge. c) Encourages the woman to push slowly and steadily. d) Massages the perineum with mineral oil.

d) massages the perineum with mineral oil

Upon examination, a nurse notes that a woman is 10 cm dilated, 100% effaced, and −3 station. Which of the following actions should the nurse perform during the next contraction? a) Encourage the woman to push. b) Provide firm fundal pressure. c) Move the client into a squat. d) Monitor for signs of rectal pressure.

d) monitor for signs of rectal pressure

A woman, G3 P1010, is receiving oxytocin (Pitocin) via IV pump at 3 milliunits/min. Her current contraction pattern is every 3 minutes × 45 seconds with moderate intensity. The fetal heart rate is 150 to 160 bpm with moderate variability. Which of the following interventions should the nurse take at this time? a. Stop her infusion. b. Give her oxygen. c. Change her position. d. Monitor her labor.

d) monitor her labor

A nurse is coaching a woman who is in the second stage of labor. Which of the following should the nurse encourage the woman to do? a) Hold her breath for twenty seconds during every contraction. b) Blow out forcefully during every contraction. c) Push between contractions until the fetal head is visible. d) Take a slow cleansing breath before bearing down.

d) take a slow cleansing breath before bearing down

The nurse sees the fetal head through the vaginal introitus when a woman pushes. The nurse, interpreting this finding, tells the client, "You are pushing very well." In addition, the nurse could also state which of the following? a) "The baby's head is engaged." b) "The baby is floating." c) "The baby is at the ischial spines." d) "The baby is almost crowning."

d) the baby is almost crowning

A woman who is in active labor is told by her obstetrician, "Your baby is in the flexed attitude." When she asks the nurse what that means, what should the nurse say? a) The baby is in the breech position. b) The baby is in the horizontal lie. c) The baby's presenting part is engaged. d) The baby's chin is resting on its chest.

d) the baby's chin is resting on its chest

After analyzing an internal fetal monitor tracing, the nurse concludes that there is moderate short-term variability. Which of the following interpretations should the nurse make in relation to this finding? a) The fetus is becoming hypoxic. b) The fetus is becoming alkalotic. c) The fetus is in the middle of a sleep cycle. d) The fetus has a healthy nervous system.

d) the fetus has a healthy nervous system