OB Exam

Patients who are undergoing assisted reproductive therapy are at increased risk of developing which of the following?

Heterotopic pregnancies

What is the typical cause of dysfunctional uterine bleeding?

Hormonal imbalances resultinng in endometrial changes

Which of the following hormones is released by the anterior pituitary gland?

Luteinizing hormone

A 38 y/o patient presents to the sonography department with a history of oliguria, abdominal distension, and a history of clomid treatment. Which of the following disorders would most likely discovered during this examination?

OHS

A patient presents to the sonography department with a positive pregnancy test and left lower quadrant pain. Sonographically, a single live intrauterine pregnancy is identified. The crown rump length yields a 6-week gestation. A structure is identified that appears to be connecting the developing embryo to the secondary yolk sac. What is this structure called?

Omphalomesentric Duct

Which potential space lies between the urinary bladder and the pubic symphysis?

Space of retzius

An elevated MSAFP level is associated with all of the following except:

Spina bifida occulta

Which of the following disorders will demonstrate a normal maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein value?

Spina bifida occulta

Which of the following measurements is used to estimate gestational age in the first trimester?

mean sac diameter

A 49 y/o female patient presents with symptoms of night sweats, dyspareunia, hot flashes, and a decrease in libido. What is the most likely cause?

menopause

At what gestational age should physiologic bowel herniation be resolved?

16 weeks

A G1P0 patient presents for nuchal translucency ultrasound at 12 weeks gestation. She commented to the technologist that she was already feeling fetal movement. Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein bloodwork was elevated. What will likely be demonstrated on ultrasound?

Anencephaly

Which imaging plane of the fetal heart is best for assessing continuity of the interventricular septum and aortic valve?

Aortic outflow tract

Which sonographic exam is used to assess fetal hypoxia?

Biophysical profile

Which of the following would be considered to be the least accurate measurement in the estimation of gestational in the presence of dolichocephaly?

Biparietal diameter

A fetus is demonstrated to have a mass in the lung that has both cystic and solid components. Pleural effusion also present. What disorder is indicated?

Cystic adenomatoid malformation

Which ovarian tumor presents with elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase and precocious puberty if it presents in a child?

Dysgerminoma

Which of the following heart anomalies is associated with pentalogy of Cantrell?

Ectopia cordis

Which pelvic mass presents sonographically as a cystic mass with homogenous low-level internal echoes

Endometrioma

Which of the following is consistent with a finding of Turner syndrome?

Fetuses present with cystic hygroma

A fetus is shown to have bowel floating around in the amniotic fluid herniated through a defect on the right side of a normal cord insertion. What is the likely diagnosis?

Gastroschisis

True precocious puberty is associated with:

Intracranial tumors

what is an expected future complication of the fetus who suffers from ADPKD?

It will most likely develope renal cysts late in adult life

Follicular ovarian cysts result from:

Maintaining the Graafian follicle

Polyframnios and macrosomia in the third trimester would be indicative of:

Maternal diabetes

Which of the following can cause a false-positive diagnosis for placenta previa?

Myometrial contractions in the lower uterine segment

Why is it important to document the type of hormone replacement a patient is taking prior to completing their sonogram?

Normal endometrial thickness measurements will vary depending on the type of HRT used

Which of the following would not typically be associated with oligohydramnuios?

Omphalocele

A patient presents with fever, leukocytosis purulent vaginal discharge and dyspareunia. On ultrasound, the uterus was ill-defined and the endometrium appeared irregular and thickened. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Which of the following disorders results from persistent bladder outlet obstruction?

Prune belly syndrome

A patient with a positive pregnancy test is referred to the sonography department with a history of painless vaginal bleeding. Sonographically, you visualize a single live intrauterine gestation. The crown rump length is consistent with an 8-week pregnancy. Within the fetal skull, you visualize a round, anechoic structure. What does this most likely represent?

Rhombencephalon

How does an umbilical cord hemangioma present on ultrasound?

Solid hyperechoic mass in the umbilical cord near its attachment site in the placenta

Which of the following exams would require surgical asepsis to be practiced?

Sonohysterogram

A patient presents with an enlarged bulky uterus and menorrhagia. Which of the following is most likely to be the cause?

Submucosal leiomyoma

Which of the following statements is true concerning the basal layer of the endometrium?

The basal layer is the outermost layer of ther endometrium

What signals the corpus luteum to continue to produce progesterone when a fertilized egg is approaching the endometrium?

The syncytiotrophoblast cells produce hCG which keeps the corpus luteum producing progesterone

Why are assisted reproduction patients prone to ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome?

They have elevated human chorionic gonadotropin levels from ovulation induction

Which of the following disorders is associated with uncontrolled pre-gestational maternal diabetes?

caudal regression syndrome

The production of human chorionic gonadotropin maintains which structure on the ovary?

corpus luteum

The term "thanatrophoric" means:

death bearing

A fetal sonogram demonstrated a heterogeneous mass on the anterior neck. Maternal history included an iodine deficiency. What is the most likely differential for this finding?

fetal goiter

The first structure that can be identified in the embryo is the

heart

What type of twin gestation is most likely to incur complications?

monochorionic monoamniotic pregnancy

Which of the following is most likely to correlate with chromosomal abnormalities?

omphalocele containing only bowel

Which of the following is a false statement with respect to differentiating the appearance of a leiomyosarcoma from that of leiomyoma?

only leiomyosarcoma will be singular

Which of the following terms describes a straight uterus that tilts forward in the body forming a 90 degree angle with the vagina?

anteverted

A 38 y/o patient presents for routine ultrasound; triple screen showed low maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) elevated human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), and low estriol. Sonographic findings include absent nasal bone, macroglossia, and clinodactyly. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Down syndrome

What are the most common abnormal findings seen on a pranatal sonogram?

Genitorinary system

Upon sonographic analysis of a 31-week fetus, you visualize an echogenic, triangular-shaped mass within the fetal chest. Which of the following would most likely result in this manifestation?

Pulmonary sequestration

A patient presented with pelvic pain, infertility, and palpable right adnexal mass. Sonography demonstrated a multicystic complex right adnexal mass with dirty shadowing and bilateral hyfrosalphinx. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Tubo-ovarian abscess

Amniocentesis shows a fetus with a 47, XXY karyotype. What abnormalities may be demonstrated sonographically on the routine sonogram?

Usually normal sonogram

A 38 y/o patient presents to the sonography department for a pelvic sonogram. She states that her doctor told her that her uterus extended above for umbilicus. She also complains of pelvic pressure, menorrhagia, and constipation. Sonographically, which of the following would be most likely discovered during this study?

Uterine leiomyoma

The administration of DES during pregnancy in the 1970s has been linked with

Uterine malformation in the exposed fetus

A sonogram demonstrates a placental cord insertion at the edge of the placenta with the vessels lying over the internal os. What is this disorder?

Vasa previa

A small amount of fluid is discovered between the urinary bladder and uterus during a routine sonographic examination of the female pelvis. Which of the following is the proper name of this space?

Vesicourterine pouch

A 60 y/o female patient presents with elevated estrogen levels, ovarian tumor, ascites and pleural effusion. What is the most likely diagnosis for the ovarian tumor?

thecoma