OB Test 3
Activities that can help increase positive experience
-Create high-quality connections -Cultivate kindness by giving yourself the goal -Develop distractions, primarily healthy distractions -Dispute negative self-talk and thoughts
Negative Emotions
-are limiting -Spur you to act in narrow or specific ways.
Experts estimate that about ________ of every conversation is interpreted through nonverbal communication.
65 to 95%
Mindlessness
A state of reduced attention. It is expressed in behavior that is rigid or thoughtless
Listening styles:
Active: I am fully invested. Involved: I am partially invested. Passive: Not my responsibility. Detached: I'm disinterested.
Performing
Activity is focused on solving task problems There is a climate of open communication, strong cooperation, and lots of helping behavior. Conflicts and job boundary disputes are handled constructively and efficiently.
Positive Emotions
Are resources that fuel individual, group, and organizational success. •Help build social, psychological, and physical resources. •Combat negative emotions. Broaden your mindset, open you to consider new things. •Have benefits which endure over long periods of time.
Non-defensive listening
Avoiding defensive language from either party, which can foster inaccurate and inefficient information
_________ teams are created with members from different disciplines within an organization, such as finance, operations, and R&D.
Cross-functional
A person should ------- in order to develop hope.
Generate an important goal that is attainable yet challenging
Susan, a management major, is taking an overload of classes this term. On a team project in one of her classes, one of her teammates sees how busy she is and does the final proofreading of the team project for her. Susan is most likely feeling ________
Gratitude
Norming
Groups making it this far usually do so thanks to a respected member, other than the leader, challenging the group to resolve its power struggles so something can be accomplished.
Attentional hyperactivity
Happens when our minds are racing or wandering, resulting in compulsive daydreaming or fantasizing
Willpower
Having a goal and the determination to achieve it.
Compromiser
Helps resolve conflict by meeting others halfway
What has been shown by research to reduce social loafing?
Hybrid rewards
Which of the following is true about balancing positive and negative emotions?
Ideally, we should try to have more positive experiences than negative.
______ is one advantage of having a face-to-face conversation.
Immediate feedback
Forming:
In this ice-breaking stage, group members tend to be uncertain and anxious about such things as their roles, who is in charge, and the group's goals. Mutual trust is low, and there is a good deal of holding back to see who takes charge and how.
Attentional deficit
Inability to focus vividly on an object.
Which of the following statements about mindfulness is false?
Mindfulness requires less effort than letting our minds wander.
Managers tend to give more ________ feedback than positive feedback to employees.
Negative
Flourish
Occurs with achievement is pursued for its own sake.
Which of the following situations does not reflect mindfulness?
Pat is biking to school when someone cuts her off and causes her to fall. She gets up and starts kicking her bicycle.
Recorder
Performs a "group memory" function by documenting discussion and outcomes
Procedural technician
Performs routine duties (handing out materials or rearranging seats)
Achievement
Pertaining to the extent to which you have a self-directed life, containing achievement for its own sake.
Kerry's manager asks her to head up a team reviewing office protocols. Kerry is in a great mood, having received a substantial bonus last week. This indicates that ________ experiences lead us to be more responsive to positive information.
Positive
Energizer
Prods group to move along or to accomplish more
________ is not one of the components of well-being.
Productivity
Elaborator
Promotes greater understanding through examples or exploration of implications
Larry learned that his coworker Simon had a vacation planned with his family for an upcoming reunion and had used all of his paid annual leave. Since Larry knew he wouldn't be using all of his annual leave, he donated three days to Simon. This is an example of ________ behavior in the organization.
Prosocial
Coordinator
Pulls together ideas and suggestions
Jonathan is concerned about an important presentation that he will be making next week. He asks Roger to listen to it and give him Feedback. He is in the ___________ step of the TED protocol for effective presentations.
Put it together
What is true about research on the relationship of virtuous leadership to organizational and individual employee performance?
Recent research in this area has shown a positive relationship between these variables.
Commentator
Records and comments on group processes/dynamics
Katie attended a party at her mother's office. She really didn't want to go and was not in a good mood. Her mother introduced Katie to her new assistant, Matthew. When Matthew said, "Hello," Katie responded, "Hi, Michael." Katie is acting in a(n) ________ manner.
attentive
Why should you invest in PsyCap?
because you have the expectation of future returns or benefits
Erin is getting some funny looks in the office. Every few hours or so she sits up in her desk chair with her feet grounded, closes her eyes and takes a deep breath two times. She is practicing
breathing mediation
According to Barbara Fredrickson's theory, positive emotions
broaden your perspective and build on themselves.
Amy receives a note from Carrie, asking her to pick up some materials for a project from Staples. Amy does the shopping, but misses a few items because she can't decipher Carrie's writing. This is an example of
noise
Dana is trying to talk to a client from Russia, but his Russian accent is so thick that she can hardly understand what he is saying. In this situation, ________ hampers Dana's communication with her client.
noise
Marianne is in her business statistics class, sitting by Darius. Darius is holding his cell phone under the desk, texting someone, and it is distracting Marianne from listening to the professor's lecture. This is an example of
noise
Therese is making a presentation in one of her classes. Her PowerPoint slides contain several arithmetic errors that Kathy is finding distracting. This is an example of
noise
Linguistic style includes all of the following except
nonverbal behavior.
Jennie and Lacey are having an argument. As Lacey speaks, Jennie crosses her arms and looks at the ground. Lacey gets the message even thought Jennie isn't saying anything. Jennie is using ________ in the conversation with Lacey.
nonverbal communication
A feeling of team spirit is sometimes experienced during the _______ stage because members believe they have found their proper roles. Group cohesiveness, defined as the "we feeling" that binds members of a group together, is the principal by-product of Stage 3.
norming
In which stage of the group development process do group members resolve their power struggles so that something can be accomplished?
norming
The ____ stage is often characterized by a climate of open communication, strong cooperation, and lots of helping behavior. Cohesiveness and personal commitment to group goals help the group achieve more than could any one individual acting alone
performing
Hope
persevering toward goals and, when necessary, redirecting paths to goals in order to succeed
Otto is convinced that social media offers many benefits for employees and wants to institute a plan at Compass Inc. Which of the following is a potential benefit for employees?
personal stability
Wanda sees a woman struggling with a small child and two bags of groceries. She stops and offers to carry the grocery bags to the woman's car. This is ________ behavior.
prosocial
Instrumental support
providing financial aid, material resources, or needed services.
Informational support
providing help in defining, understanding, and coping with problems.
Esteem support
providing information that a person is accepted and respected despite any problems or inadequacie
Self-efficacy is a component of
psychological capital
Research by the Gallup organization on employee strengths shows that employees who reported using their strengths every day at work are 15 percent less likely to
quit.
The perceptual model of communication depicts communication as a process in which
receivers create meanings in their own mind
Armando has a goal of earning a B in his statistics course, but currently his grade is a C-. Therefore, he decides to study more hours for the next test and even get involved in a study group. Armando is experiencing _____
resilience
In which way do employees waste time on social media?
shopping online
Jackson and Samuel both work for XYZ Company, in different departments. They discover a common interest in classic cars, and on weekends often meet up at car shows. They are probably providing ________ to each other.
social companionship
______has been shown to increase job satisfaction, performance, and retention, and it has also been shown to improve work-life balance and foster creativity and collaboration.
social media
____is the amount of perceived helpfulness derived from our relationships with others.
social support
______ is a reciprocal belief that another person will consider how their intentions and behaviors will affect you.
trust
Contractual trust:
trust of character
Communication trust:
trust of disclosure
Group
two or more freely interacting people with shared norms, goals and a common identity.
Non-verbal communication
Communicating without the use of words. Body movements, touch, facial expressions, and eye contact
Information seeker/giver
Clarifies key issues
Opinion seeker/giver
Clarifies pertinent values
Team players are:
Committed, collaborative, competent. They contribute to the work, constructively interact with team members, keep the team on track, expect quality work, possess relevant knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) for team's responsibilities.
Which of the following is not an element of POB?
Employees are self-absorbed and anxious
Which of the following statements is true?
Employees' level of flourishing is related to organizational outcomes such as productivity and financial performance.
Gatekeeper
Encourages all group members to participate
_____ groups are assigned by organizations or managers, while _______ groups form when the members' purpose of getting together is friendship or a common interest.
Formal; informal
A person in the encourager role will
Foster group solidarity by accepting and praising various points of view
Encourager
Fosters group solidarity by accepting and praising various points of view
Storming
Individuals test the leader's policies and assumptions as they try to determine how they fit into the power structure. Subgroups take shape, and subtle forms of resistance occur. Many groups stall in Stage 2 because power and politics erupt into open rebellion.
Karla received an outstanding performance review and her manager encouraged her to further her education because she shows initiative and a willingness to do more than what she feels are her abilities. _______ is the emotion Karla is most likely experiencing.
Insipration
Derek manages his team by promoting trust by making sure his words match his actions. If he promises something, he holds true to his word. He is also guided by morals and being honest. As a virtuous leader, what trait is he exhibiting?
Integrity
Eileen signed up for a photography class after having seen some spectacular wildlife art pictures done by a local artist. She is most likely experiencing ________
Interest
Dylan and Jack are playing a game of chess. Jack wins, and then he touches Dylan on the shoulder and says "good game." What does this communicate?
Jack likes Dylan
Orienter
Keeps group headed toward its stated goal(s)
A group becomes a team when:
Leadership becomes a shared activity Accountability shifts from strictly individual to both individual and collective The group develops its own purpose or mission Problem solving becomes a way of life, not a part-time activity Effectiveness is measured by the group's collective outcomes and products
In regard to differences in how men and women communicate, in general
Males are expected to hide their emotions
________ is defined as belonging to and serving something that you believe is bigger than yourself.
Meaningfulness
Waypower
Means for achieving the goal. Need to see alternative paths to achieve the goal.
Harmonizer
Mediates conflict through reconciliation or humor
Imelda's life is difficult right now. Her husband and she recently decided to divorce and she is now a single parent of two preteenagers. They are good kids, but it is difficult taking care of them and managing her full-time job as a middle manager. Imelda has started taking work home at night and finishing projects at night after her children are in bed. Imelda is likely exhibiting
Resilience
Follower
Serves as a passive audience
How to be effective during crucial conversations:
Share your facts Tell your story Ask for other's facts and stories Talk tentatively Encourage testing
Harriet is an active member of the large Freshman Orientation board. There are five separate teams on this board, and they all want Harriet as a member because she is good at keeping the team on track. Which of the following behaviors does Harriet exhibit?
She helps plan and organize work; monitors progress; and provides constructive feedback
________ is one characteristic that describes an organization without positive OB.
Single-minded focus on winning
Tuckman's Five-Stage Model of Group Development
Stage 1: Forming Stage 2: Storming Stage 3: Norming Stage 4: Performing Stage 5: Adjourning
Xavier is creating a social media policy for OCA & Associates. He plans to: 1.Outline consequences for violations. 2. Align the policy with the organization's culture. 3. Stay away from defining what is considered illegal. 4. Clarify what is confidential. 5. Designate a spokesperson for online policies. Which of these is not an element of an effective social media policy?
Stay away from defining what is considered illegal.
Initiator
Suggests new goals or ideas
In the TED five-step protocol for effective presentations, TED stands for
Technology, education, design
Evaluator
Tests group's accomplishments with various criteria such as logic and practicality
Positivity effect
The attraction of all living systems toward positive energy and away from negative energy.
Active listening
The process of actively decoding and interpreting verbal messages. Requires cognitive attention and information processing unlike hearing
Adjourning
The work is done so it is time to move on to other things. Return to independence can be eased by rituals celebrating "the end" and "new beginnings" through parties, award ceremonies, graduations, etc. Leaders need to emphasize valuable lessons learned during the adjourning stage.
Competence trust
Trust of capability.
Which of the following is true of virtuous leadership?
Virtuous leaders promote trust.
________ represents what individuals and organizations aspire to be when they are at their very best.
Virtuousness
Meaningfulness
When someone feels a sense of belonging and serving something that is bigger than self.
Linguistic style
a person's characteristic speaking pattern.
Roles
a set of expected behaviors for a given position.
Team
a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves collectively accountable
Strategies to increase positive experiences include all of the following except
accept negative thoughts.
Which of the following is not one of the most frequently experienced positive emotions?
accomplishment
Your top signature strengths are curiosity, love of learning, and social intelligence. Which of the following careers would probably not be a good match for you?
accountant
Maria needs to talk to her coworker, Wayne, about his offensive behavior at the group dinner. To discuss this effectively, which of the following should Maria avoid?
accuse wayne of improper actions
Listening
actively decoding and interpreting verbal messages.
Positive practices that escalate positive outcomes because of their associations with positive emotions and social capital are having a(n) ________ effect.
amplifying
Communication competence is
an individual's ability to effectively use communication behaviors in a given context.
Noise
anything that interferes with the transmission and understanding of the message.
When positive practices reduce the impact of negative events or stressors, a(n) ________ effect has occurred.
buffering
Media richness
capacity of a communication medium to convey information and promote understanding, based on feedback, channel, type of communication, and language source. Two-way face-to-face conversations are the richest form of communication, while static media such as newsletters, computer reports, and general e-mail blasts are the leanest.
A(n) _______ helps guide behavior as well as avoid and overcome conflict.
charter
Norman is elected president of the debate club. He is known as a team player. That means that Norman is
committed, collaborative, and competent.
___ is a circular and dynamic process in which people interpret and make sense of the information they exchange.
communication
Michele is concerned with the victims of Hurricane Simon, which has devastated her home state of Florida. She starts a fund to help the victims of this disaster. Michele is displaying compassion
compassion
______ trust addresses the question: "How effectively do people meet or perform their responsibilities and acknowledge other people's skills and abilities?"
competence
Linda wants to leave her company. No one ever seems to do what they say they will do. In addition, her manager's expectations seem to change from one day to the next. Linda is missing
contractual trust.
The team is generating a lot of ideas on how to approach the management case study problem. Everyone seems to have a plan. Joe stands up and says, "I will make a list on the board of all of our ideas." Joe is acting as
coordinator
Negative nonverbal communication skills include avoiding eye contact, ________, and speaking too fast
crossing your arms
JM Video Games uses ________ to help design new products. It reviews proposed designs twice a year, and the winner of the design competition is awarded $2,500.
crowdsourcing
_________ are discussions between two or more people where the stakes are high, opinions vary, and emotions run strong.
crucial conversations
Some organizations block employees' access to social media sites. This can
damage employee morale and loyalty
Louis is a member of the marketing team on the Superb Mattress account. Recently, he has emerged as a team leader. His supervisor, Michele, is letting Louis make the final decision as to which campaigns are presented to the client. This provides Louis with
decision-making discretion.
_________ occurs when people perceive that they are being attacked or threatened.
defensiveness
Raj is listening to his parents, who are unhappy about his grades. He is sitting in the chair, with his legs crossed and arms folded. Raj is communicating
defensiveness.
Crucial conversations
discussions between two or more people where (1) the stakes are high, (2) opinions vary, and (3) emotions run strong.
Cue Company's Research & Development team has developed a new malaria treatment, and the company anticipates large profits over the next five years. Cue will supply 15 percent of the drug free of charge to people in poor countries. In addition, the company will sponsor employee volunteer teams to help build medical clinics in identified areas, with no loss of vacation time or pay. What system is Cue Company practicing?
doing well and doing good
Whalin Seafood Co. made a corporate commitment to sustainability, modifying the ways in which they purchase products. Two years ago, Whalin made a corporate commitment to local sourcing and saw their profits increase. This is an example of
doing well and doing good.
Cyrus accepts a position as a part-time clerk at a small hardware store. His manager, Max, wants to confirm Cyrus's hours for the next 10 days. This is a fairly routine and predictable situation, so Max
e-mails a follow-up to Cyrus.
Ghandi stated, "If I have the belief that I can do it, I shall surely acquire the capacity to do it even if I may not have had it at the beginning." What emotion does this represent?
efficacy
Javier's supervisor asks him to create a PowerPoint presentation for the next staff meeting based on a series of note cards he provided. Javier is experiencing ________ because he is proficient at PowerPoint.
efficacy
is the characteristic of PsyCap that consists of having confidence.
efficacy
Organizational climate:
employees' perceptions of formal and informal organizational policies, practices, procedures, and routines.
Task roles
enable the work group to define, clarify, and pursue a common purpose.
Harry is thinking about meeting Connie. He writes a text message to Connie, inviting her for a drink at the local bar. This is an example of
encoding
_______ is the process of translating thoughts into a code or language that can be understood by others.
encoding
Meghan is a member of a group that raises money for a homeless shelter. She feels that the group spends too much time arguing the merits of different fundraisers and needs to make a decision. She calls for a vote at today's meeting. Meghan has taken on the role of
energizer
Which of the following is not a component of virtuous leadership?
engagement
Jennifer recently accepted a position in the sales department of XYZ Corporation. She really wants to make a good impression and has been working hard. During a coffee break, her coworker, Maria tells Jennifer that the sales manager has been very impressed with Jennifer's attention to detail. Maria is performing ________ support.
esteem
Standard setter
evaluates the quality of group processes
Steve has been doing his own taxes for years and recently ran into a problem. He has asked his friend Joanne, an accountant, to go through the financial details with him. Steve needs
instrumental support.
There are two competing explanations about the origin of linguistic styles between men and women: ______ and ______.
evolutionary psychology; social role theory
If a manager wants to reduce the chances of an employee becoming defensive, he or she should
exhibit empathy.
Younger employees also are more likely to use the Internet and social media to accomplish their tasks. This is an example of the ___________ that represent the key issue when considering communication across generations.
expectations and norms
______ is the richest form of communication.
face to face exchanges
Rebecca e-mailed a wedding invitation to her cousin Shawn. A few days later, she got a reply saying that he can't make it to the wedding because he will not be able to get any vacation. In the communication process, Shawn's reply is an example of
feedback
A state of ________ exists when employees are physically, cognitively, and emotionally engaged in an activity or project.
flow
When we are in ________ we are not necessarily thinking about anything; we are just doing.
flow
Which of the following actions does not foster employee positivity?
focus only on providing positive feedback
Positive OB (POB)
focuses on positive human characteristics that can be measured, developed, and effectively managed for performance improvement.
At the weekly staff meeting, Carrie is always criticizing one project manager or another. She claims to run a "tight ship," and she doesn't listen to explanations of delays or additional workload. Carrie's employees dread and resent these meetings. To move forward, these employees need to learn
forgiveness
Group members tend to be uncertain and anxious about such unknowns as their roles, the people in charge, and the group's goals during the _____ stage.
forming
Phil is part of a newly formed work group. He has been introduced to all the group members, but he still feels like he cannot trust them. The group has not yet chosen a leader, and Phil feels unsure about his exact role within the group. According to Tuckman's five-stage model of group development, which of the following stages is Phil's group currently in?
forming
Maintenance roles
foster supportive and constructive interpersonal relationships.
A person in the ______ role will encourage all group members to participate.
gatekeeper
When a receiver expresses a reaction to the sender's message, he or she is
giving feedback
Unity creates great _______
group
________ are powerful forms of social control that influence group and member behavior.
group norms and roles
Claire takes on the role of ______; she tends to mediate conflict through humor
harmonizer
Efficacy (E)
having the confidence to take on challenging tasks and put in the effort necessary to succeed
Norm
shared attitudes, opinions, feelings, or actions that guide social behavior.
Recent research shows that in the forming and storming stages of team development, teams perform better when members exhibit which of the following personality traits?
high tolerance for uncertainty
Sean is questioning his team's effectiveness. He asks himself "Is the group performing less than, equal to, or greater than the sum of its parts?" Once he thinks this through, he recognizes that two people are not contributing at all. What can be done to guard against social loafing?
hold both individuals and the group accountable use hybrid rewards assure equality of efforts
____is the characteristic of PsyCap that consists of persevering toward goals.
hope
People with high levels of positive psychological capital tend to display
hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism
Veronica just accepted a job at QuizBiz. salespersons who exceeded their quotas. At QuizBiz, the individual bonuses are smaller, but there are team rewards as well. This is known as a _____ reward system
hybrid
Pietro is assigned to a team in his environmental science class. He is not comfortable with Sam, the team leader, but is not completely sure why. Which of the following behaviors would not build trust?
if Sam keeps information to himself
Leaning backward or gesturing with palms facing up communicate _______, a term used to represent availability for communication.
immediacy
What is the difference between formal and informal groups?
in a formal group, the relationship between the members is professional and they gather just to accomplish the task allowed to them; while an informal group there is a personal relationship between the members as they share their experiences, problems with each other
Rinaldo is working on a financial analysis of a potential acquisition. It has taken three days of concentrated effort. Jeff stops by to ask for advice. Rinaldo says he can't break his concentration just then. Rinaldo is
in the zone.
A person who clarifies key issues for a group has taken on the role of
information seeker/giver
John received a poor performance evaluation from his boss. On the weekend, he talks with his neighbor Faisal about his situation. Faisal asks him questions about his work and the evaluation, and as a result John develops a plan of action for improving his productivity. Faisal has provided
informational support.
Kelly is a member of the community service group of her sorority. Traditionally, they pick a charity and run one fundraiser. Kelly suggests a new approach. In addition to the charity work, she wants to establish a new goalthat the members mentor inner city children. Kelly is acting as
initiator
Lee and Victor are good friends. Lee's laptop computer has become very slow and is not working correctly, and he goes to Victor and asks for help. Victor downloads some antimalware software onto Lee's computer, and its performance improves. Victor has provided
instrumental support.
Alicia is meeting with her study group. She is listening to the group, but is also worried about her dad who is scheduled for surgery tomorrow. She hasn't asked as many questions or provided much information as she usually does. Alicia will focus on the conversation for a while, but then sits back and stares ahead. This is an example of a(n) ______ listener.
involved
Why is it critical for managers to develop policies and procedures governing the appropriate use of social media?
it can create many legal, financial, and personnel risks.
Karin has to make a presentation on the new social media policy. She wants to make it creative primarily because
it is more effective if you present your message more as a colorful story with emotion than as a detail-laden report.
_________ is a set of culturally learned signals by which we communicate what we mean and interpret others' meanings and evaluate one another as people
linguistic style
Which of the following is not an outcome likely to result from positive emotions?
loss of focus
Of the following, _______ is the most frequently experienced emotion.
love
Optimism (O):
making a positive attribution about succeeding now and in the future.
Neil is attending a job fair. He knows that there is a lot of competition for these positions and wants to stand out. Neil practices his greeting and "elevator" pitch in front of a mirror. He brings copies of his résumé and business cards. On each card, he notes his blog site address. On the blog, he has comments on several recent articles about new technologies in this field. Neil is maximizing
media richness
______is widely practiced by employees and in workplaces everywhere. Many companies are now even sponsoring this type of training for their employees
mindfullness
Dr. Riley, a professor in the economics department, finds that if he keeps his door open, people tend to stop in to say hello. This interruption is distracting. So now Dr. Riley keeps his office door open only a crack during his office hours, asking visitors to knock before entering. This small change allows him to grade exams more quickly and accurately. This is an example of his increasing his
mindfulness
In the Framework of POB,________ is/are a key input to positivity from situation factors.
mindfulness
Reyna is meeting with her supervisor to discuss a project. Someone knocks on the door and walks in, saying, "I have a quick question." The supervisor keeps looking at Reyna and puts her hand up to stop the person who interrupted them. This behavior reflects
mindfulness
Some companies now allow employees to use noise-canceling headphones at work, thinking that it prevents distractions. Others companies disagree, noting that concentration goes down. These companies want to encourage
mindfulness.
Chris just finished a calculus test. Afterward, he walked all the way across campus without being aware of anything or anyone he passed. Chris is being
mindlessness
Social media benefits for employers include all the following
minimize cyberloafing
Amanda is preparing for Jerome's annual review. He is a solid employee—with strong analytical, computer and critical thinking skills. Jerome needs to work on his timeliness and communication skills. Amanda only discusses Jerome's shortcomings during the review, making this a(n) ________ experience.
negative
Which of the following is a benefit of purposefully building a fun work environment?
optimism
Xavier has a degree in English. He wants to get a job in publishing, but knows he will have to start as an assistant or possibly a part-time employee. Xavier is both realistic and flexible. This is an example of
optimism
__ is defined as employees' perceptions of formal and informal organizational policies, practices, procedures and routines:
organizational climate
________ creates positivity from situation factors.
organizational climate
The ______ keeps the group headed toward its stated goals
orienter
Professor Marsden explains to the class that he wants the assigned paper submitted for review at several points in the research process. Lydia notes that she has to submit the paper multiple times. Marcy notes that the paper has to be reviewed before it is final. This reflects the ______ of communication
perceptual
Communication competence:
performance-based index of an individual's abilities to effectively use communication behaviors in a given context.
Teams are task groups that have matured to the _____ stage.
performing
Prosocial behaviors
positive acts performed without expecting anything in return.
Mary is happy to work in a company that fosters great relationships. In particular, Mary is impressed with the level of communication on the group and team level as well as throughout the organization. Overall, her company offers a(n)
positive climate.
Mickey is a successful salesman at AHR Corp. In addition to his normal duties, Mickey has created a best practices manual for new salespeople to help ensure their success. This is an example of
positive deviance
_______is one characteristic that describes an organization with positive OB.
positive deviance
Flourishing represents the extent to which our lives contain PERMA—
positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and achievement.
Buffering effect
positive practices and resources reduce the impact of negative events and stressors
Amplifying effect
positive practices from one individual result in additional positive practices by others, which spur positivity in others, which generate other positive outcomes
The ________ effect is the attraction of all living systems toward that which is life-giving and away from that which is life-depleting.
positivity
Macallan Financial investment makes decisions based on financial research, interviewing managers and employees at companies under consideration, and assessing the ________ by examining annual rankings contained in independent sources such as Fortune and Working Mother. These rankings measure communication, work-life balance, training and development, recognition for hard work and teamwork.
potential for advancement
Organizational ________ is the host of procedures, policies, routines, and rules thatorganizations use to get things done
practices
Pete and Dana are working on a project together. They disagree on how to present the key concept of equality. Dana complains that Pete is dismissing her "feminist" position without consideration. Pete claims that Dana considers him a chauvinist. Wyatt, their supervisor, knows that both Pete and Dana are committed employees who support equality. He sits both of them down to work through the issues. This reflects ________ justice.
restorative
What are the three global values that are essential for promoting positive OB?
restorative justice, compassion, and temperance.
Groups transform individuals into functioning organizational members communicating and enforcing ______ expectations.
role
During a class lecture, Mike finds himself thinking about an argument he had last night with his girlfriend. Mike is displaying
rumination
Joseph wants Taylor to pick up some snacks to bring to a meeting. In this case, Joseph is the ______ (the person wanting to communicate information), and Taylor is the _______ (the person, group, or organization for whom the message is intended).
sender; receiver
A follower is a person who
serves as a passive audience.
Group role
set of expected behaviors for members of the group as a whole.
Positive nonverbal actions include all of the following except
speaking very slowly
Which of the following is not a form of social support?
spending time discussing your vision
Social companionship
spending time with others in leisure and recreational activities.
A commentator will record and comment on group processes/dynamics, while a(n) _____ will evaluate the quality of group processes
standard setter
Carol takes over as CEO of Sandstorm Jeans, a company on the verge of bankruptcy. She institutes radical changes and eliminates 35 percent of the positions. Even after this, the remaining employees resist her ideas. This represent the ____ stage; it is a time of testing.
storming
Which of the following is not a benefit of positive emotions?
survival orientation
Which of the following is not a criteria for businesses demonstrating doing well and doing good?
taking a net loss
Lana is frustrated with her OB project group. She frequently asks: "What's the problem with our group? We don't seem to be getting anywhere." This is a(n) ____ function.
task
A ________ is a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable.
team
_____ are deliberate plans that outline exactly what the team is to do, such as goal setting and defining roles.
team performance strategies
In a study of executives from 300 companies, the most desirable soft skill named was
teamwork
Wendy is running the weekly staff meeting at Janus Services. Brad, a coworker, is unprepared for the meeting and doesn't have the correct information for his department. He is increasingly rude and impatient, annoying the other staff members. Brad is exhibiting a lack of
temperance.
Mindfulness
the awareness that emerges through paying attention on purpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgmentally to the unfolding of experience moment by moment.
Task interdependence:
the degree to which team members depend on each other for information, materials, and other resources to complete their job tasks.
Outcome interdependence
the degree to which the outcomes of task work are measured, rewarded, and communicated at the group level so as to emphasize collective outputs rather than individual contributions.
Communication:
the exchange of information between a sender and a receiver, and the inference (perception) of meaning between the individuals involved.
Social loafing
the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort to decline as group size increases.
Rumination
the uncontrollable repetitive dwelling on causes, meanings, and implications of negative feelings or events in the past.
Trust
the willingness to be vulnerable to another person, and the belief that the other person will consider the impact of how his or her intentions and behaviors will affect you.
Norms are typically
unwritten and seldom discussed openly, but they have a powerful influence on group and organizational behavior.
To manage e-mail effectively, an employee should
use a spell checker.
Cyberloafing:
using Internet at work for personal use while pretending to do legitimate work
are abstract ideals that guide one's thinking and behavior across all situations.
values
Michele is a freelancer who works with a publishing company on an editorial team. She resides in Connecticut, while the company is based in Illinois. Michele attends team meetings via Skype and is in constant email contact. This is an example of a(n) ____ team.
virtual
______is the need to see one or more alternative paths to achieve a goal, even when faced with adversity.
waypower
We have the cognitive capacity to process words at a much higher rate than people speak. Which of the following can result from this?
we miss or lose some of what we hear
Sharon has to train several new freelancers on a fairly simple computer system used by XYZ Company. The freelancers are located in different states. Which of the following mediums serves her purpose?
webinars
Virtuousness:
what individuals and organizations aspire to be when they are at their very best.
Resilience (R)
when beset by problems and adversity, sustaining and bouncing back and even beyond to attain success.
Positive psychological capital (PsyCap)
when people have high levels of hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism (HERO).
Upward spirals of positivity
where your positive behaviors, feelings, and attitudes feed your own and those of others in a continual, reinforcing process
According to Ben Horowitz, the renowned technology entrepreneur and venture capitalist, _______ and genius are in his mind the two most critical characteristics of successful entrepreneurs.
willpower
Hope consists of
willpower and waypower
Virtual teams
work together over time and distance via electronic media to combine effort and achieve common goals.
Counter social loafing by:
•Limiting group size. •Assuring equity of effort. •Holding people accountable.
