OBGYN Chapter 27 Terms

Turner syndrome

a chromosomal aberration where one sex chromosome is absent; may also be referred to as monosomy X

ectopic cordis

a condition in which the heart is located either partially or completely outside the fetal chest

aneuploidy

a condition of having an abnormal number of chromosomes

rhabdomyoma

a fetal heart tumor found within the myocardium

ductus arteriosus

a fetal shunt that connects the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch

ductus venosus

a fetal shunt that connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava

DiGeorge syndrome

a genetic disorder characterized by an absent or hypoplastic thymus, which ultimately leads to impairment of the immune system and susceptibility to infection, as well as cognitive disorders, congenital heart defects, palate defects, and hormonal abnormalities

tetralogy of Fallot

a group of abnormalities consisting of an overriding aortic root, ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, and right ventricular hypertrophy

pentalogy of Cantrell

a group of anomalies that includes an omphalocele, along with ectopic cordis, cleft sternum, anterior diaphragmatic defect, and pericardial defects

oligohydramnios

a lower-than-normal amount of amniotic fluid for the gestational age

cystic adenomatoid malformation

a mass consisting of abnormal bronchial and lung tissue that develops within the fetal chest

biophysical profile

a method of fetal monitoring with sonography to produce a numeric scoring system that predicts fetal well-being

thoracentesis

a procedure that uses a needle to drain fluid from the pleural cavity for either diagnostic or therapeutic reasons

pulmonary sequestration

a separate mass of nonfunctioning lung tissue with its own blood supply

tuberous sclerosis

a systemic disorder that leads to the development of tumors within various organs

lecithin to sphingomyelin ratio

a test of the amniotic fluid that predicts fetal lung maturity

atrioventricular defect

abnormal development of the central portion of the heart; also referred to as endocardial cushion defect

aortic stenosis

abnormal narrowing of the aortic valve

transposition of the great vessels

abnormality in which the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle and the aorta arises from the right ventricle

aortic atresia

abnormality in which there is a small or absent opening between the left ventricle and aorta

fetal hydrops

an abnormal accumulation of fluid in at least two fetal body cavities

omphalocele

an anterior abdominal wall defect where there is herniation of the fetal bowel and other abdominal organs into the base of the umbilical cord

foramen of Bochdalek

an opening located in the left posterolateral portion of the diaphragm

foramen of Morgagni

an opening located right anteromedially within the diaphragm

foramen ovale

an opening within the fetal heart within the atrial septum that allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium

ventricular septal defect

an opening within the septum that separates the right and the left ventricles

trisomy 18

chromosomal aberration in which there is a third chromosome 18; also referred to as Edwards syndrome

trisomy 21

chromosomal aberration in which there is a third chromosome 21; also referred to as Down syndrome

pericardial effusion

fluid accumulation around the heart in the pericardial cavity

hypoplastic left heart syndrome

incomplete development of the left ventricle, resulting in a small or absent left ventricle

hypoplastic right heart syndrome

incomplete development of the right ventricle, resulting in a small or absent right ventricle

eventration of the diaphragm

lack of muscle in the dome of the diaphragm

papillary muscle

paired muscles in both sides of heart that hold in place either the mitral or tricuspid valves

endocardial cushion defect

see key term atrioventricular defect

Potter syndrome

syndrome characterized by bilateral renal agenesis, abnormal facies, pulmonary hypoplasia, and limb abnormalities

chordae tendineae

tendons within the heart that attach the tricuspid valve in the right ventricle and the mitral valve in the left ventricle to their respective papillary muscle

pleural effusion

the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space

pulmonary atresia

the absence of the pulmonary valve, which in turn prohibits blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery and essentially to the lungs

Bochdalek hernia

the herniation of abdominal contents into the chest cavity because of an opening in the left posterolateral portion of the diaphragm

diaphragmatic hernia

the herniation of the abdominal contents into the chest cavity through a defect in the diaphragm

tricuspid regurgitation

the leakage of blood back through the tricuspid valve

Ebstein anomaly

the malformation or malpositioning of the tricuspid valve that causes multiple heart defects

coarctation of the aorta

the narrowing of the aortic arch

pulmonary stenosis

the narrowing of the pulmonary valve

bat-wing sign

the sonographic appearance of a fetal unilateral pleural effusion

pulmonary hypoplasia

underdevelopment of the lungs