OBGYN- Chapter 28: The Fetal Gastrointestinal System
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
a growth disorder syndrome synonymous with enlargement of several organs, including the skull, tongue, and liver
Which of the following best describes a choledochal cyst? a) It is the cystic dilatation of the common bile duct b) It is the herniation of the abdominal contents into the umbilical cord c) It is the congenital absence of the cystic duct d) It is the inflammation of the biliary tree caused by extrinsic obstruction
a) It is the cystic dilatation of the common bile duct
Which of the following laboratory values would be significant in the detection of an abdominal wall defect? a) MSAFP b) Human chorionic gonadotropin c) Maternal serum amylase d) Estradiol
a) MSAFP
All of the following are associated with omphalocele except: a) Normal cord insertion b) Multiple chromosomal abnormalities c) Elevated MSAFP d) Periumbilical mass
a) Normal cord insertion
An excessive amount of amniotic fluid is termed: a) Polyhydramnios b) Oligohydramnios c) Esophageal atresia d) Amniotic fluid index
a) Polyhydramnios
Which of the following is most often associated with duodenal atresia? a) Trisomy 21 b) Trisomy 18 c) Trisomy 13 d) Triploidy
a) Trisomy 21
Omphalocele
an anterior abdominal wall defect where there is herniation of the fetal bowel and other abdominal organs into the base of the umbilical cord
Cystic fibrosis
an inherited disorder in which mucus secreting organs such as the lungs, pancreas, and other digestive organs produce thick and sticky secretions instead of normal secretions
The congenital absence of part of the esophagus is termed: a) Duodenal atresia b) VACTERL association c) Down syndrome d) Esophageal atresia
b) VACTERL association
Hepatomegaly would be seen in conjunction with: a) Down syndrome b) Edwards syndrome c) Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome d) Hirschsprung disease
c) Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
Double bubble sign
classic sonographic sign of duodenal atresia representing the stomach and proximal duodenum
Pentalogy of Cantrell includes all of the following findings except: a) Cardiovascular malformations b) Diaphragmatic malformations c) Omphalocele d) Gastroschisis
d) Gastroschisis
The most common abnormality of the fetal liver is: a) Gallstones b) Hepatocellular lymphadenopathy c) Cirrhosis d) Hepatomegaly
d) Hepatomegaly
All of the following are associated with omphalocele except: a) Trisomy 18 b) Pentalogy of Cantrell c) Intrauterine growth restriction d) Hirschsprung disease
d) Hirschsprung disease
An omphalocele is associated with all of the following except: a) Pentalogy of Cantrell b) Trisomy 18 c) Patau syndrome d) Meconium aspiration syndrome
d) Meconium aspiration syndrome
All of the following are associated with esophageal atresia except: a) Down syndrome b) VACTERL association c) Edwards syndrome d) Oligohydramnios
d) Oligohydramnios
All of the following are associated with gastroschisis except: a) Normal cord insertion b) Multiple chromosomal abnormalities c) Elevated MSAFP d) Periumbilical mass
d) Periumbilical mass
Gastroschisis
herniation of abdominal contents through a right-sided, periumbilical abdominal wall defect
Choledochal cyst
the cystic dilatation of the common bile duct
The fetal stomach should be visualized by: a) 6 weeks b) 14 weeks c) 20 weeks d) 18 weeks
b) 14 weeks
Intrauterine growth restriction is defined as: a) A small-for-dates fetus b) A fetus that falls below the 10th percentile for gestational age c) A fetus that is immunocompromised and has decreased umbilical cord Doppler ratios for gestational age d) A fetus that falls below the fifth percentile for gestational age
b) A fetus that falls below the 10th percentile for gestational age
Which of the following would be least likely associated with an elevated MSAFP? a) Pentalogy of Cantrell b) Anorectal atresia c) Gastroschisis d) Omphalocele
b) Anorectal atresia
What is an inherited disorder in which mucus secreting organs such as the lungs, pancreas, and other digestive organs produce thick and sticky secretions instead of normal secretions? a) Hirschsprung disease b) Cystic fibrosis c) Multiple sclerosis d) Turner syndrome
b) Cystic fibrosis
Which of the following is associated with echogenic bowel? a) Fetal anemia b) Cystic fibrosis c) Radial ray syndrome d) Portal hypertension
b) Cystic fibrosis
Fetal stool is termed: a) Plicae b) Meconium c) Laguna d) Lanugo
b) Meconium
Duodenal atresia and esophageal atresia are associated with: a) Oligohydramnios b) Polyhydramnios c) Normal amniotic fluid index d) Anhydramnios
b) Polyhydramnios
The congenital maldevelopment of the rectum and absence of anal opening is termed: a) Jejunal atresia b) Intussusception c) Anorectal atresia d) Duodenal atresia
c) Anorectal atresia
Which of the following is considered to be the most common type of colonic atresia? a) Duodenal atresia b) Jejunal atresia c) Anorectal atresia d) Intussusception
c) Anorectal atresia
Which of the following would be most likely associated with an excessive amount of amniotic fluid? a) Duodenal atresia b) Hepatomegaly c) Bilateral renal agenesis d) Physiologic bowel herniation
c) Bilateral renal agenesis
The fetal gut develops at the end of the fifth menstrual week and can be divided into all of the following except: a) Midgut b) Foregut c) Centralgut d) Hindgut
c) Centralgut
Congenital maldevelopment of the proximal portion of the small intestine is termed: a) VACTERL association b) Esophageal atresia c) Duodenal atresia d) Jejunal atresia
c) Duodenal atresia
The herniation of the bowel into the base of the umbilical cord before 12 weeks is termed: a) Gastroschisis b) Omphalocele c) Hernia umbilicus d) Physiologic herniation
c) Hernia umbilicus
All of the following are sonographic findings of esophageal atresia except: a) Absent stomach b) Polyhydramnios c) Macrosomia d) Intrauterine growth restriction
c) Macrosomia
Anorectal atresia
congenital maldevelopment of the rectum and absence of the anal opening
Normally, physiologic bowel herniation resolves by: a) 8 weeks b) 10 weeks c) 24 weeks d) 12 weeks
d) 12 weeks
An omphalocele may contain: a) Fetal liver b) Ascites c) Fetal colon d) All of the above
d) All of the sbove
The "double bubble" sign is indicative of: a) Esophageal atresia b) Duodenal atresia c) Hydrocephalus d) Anorectal atresia
d) Anorectal atresia
In what location does the gastroschisis occur more often? a) Left lateral of the cord insertion b) Right lateral of the cord insertion c) Just superior to the fetal bladder d) Base of the umbilical cord
d) Base of the umbilical cord
Fetal meconium typically consists of all of the following except: a) Skin b) Hair c) Bile d) Blood
d) Blood
What organ (s) produces amniotic fluid after 12 weeks? a) Fetal liver and the spleen b) Fetal intestines and lungs c) Fetal intestines and the liver d) Fetal kidneys
d) Fetal kidneys
The majority of amniotic fluid is composed of: a) Fetal blood b) Fetal serous fluid c) Maternal serous fluid d) Fetal urine
d) Fetal urine
Hepatomegaly would least likely be associated with: a) Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome b) Fetal anemia c) Intrauterine infections d) Gastroschisis
d) Gastroschisis
A functional bowel disorder within the fetus that is caused by the absence of intestinal nerves is found in: a) Gastroschisis b) Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome c) Omphalocele d) Hirschsprung disease
d) Hirschsprung disease
An abnormal connection between the esophagus and trachea is termed: a) Esophageal-duodenal herniation b) Double bubble sign c) Esophageal atresia d) Tracheoesophageal fistula
d) Tracheoesophageal fistula
What chromosomal anomaly is associated with echogenic bowel? a) Trisomy 18 b) Trisomy 13 c) Trisomy 21 d) Triploidy
d) Triploidy
All of the following are associated with duodenal atresia except: a) Trisomy 21 b) Esophageal atresia c) VACTERL association d) Turner syndrome
d) Turner syndrome