OCE 1001 Chapter 1

Christopher Columbus established trade routes from Europe around Africa to India.

False

Vikings led by Thor Heyerdahl established temporary colonies in North America.

False

According to the animation, what are the four primary zones in Earth's interior?

crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

Which of the following statements is supported by the nebular hypothesis regarding the formation of our solar system?

The Sun became a star when its temperature and density became so great that nuclear fusion began.

In general, the salinity content of ocean water has remained constant throughout the majority of Earth's history.

True

Oceanic crust is primarily:

basalt.

Match the term or person with the appropriate phrase. Vikings

established impermanent settlement in North America and the first Europeans to explore Iceland and Greenland

Match the term or person with the appropriate phrase. Balboa

first European explorer to see the Pacific Ocean

Match the term or person with the appropriate phrase. Eratosthenes

first determination of Earth's circumference

A tentative, testable statement about the general nature of a phenomenon is called a/an:

hypothesis.

The Sun and the rest of the solar system formed about 5 billion years ago from a huge cloud of dust and gas called a:

nebula.

What common household item is used in this video to demonstrate density stratification?

oil and vinegar salad dressing

Where did the energy of the Sun come from originally?

thermal energy that was converted from the gravitational energy of the original nebula collapse

The four principal ocean basins (plus an additional ocean) on Earth are the:

Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Southern, and Arctic Oceans.

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases A. Vasco de Gama B. Ptolemy C. Christopher Columbus D. John Cabot E. Ferdinand Magellan

B. Ptolemy

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases A. observation B. hypothesis C. belief D. theory E. testing

C. belief

Of the following events, which occurred during the Age of Discovery in Europe?

Christopher Columbus made several trips across the Atlantic and discovered a "new world." Ferdinand Magellan's crew completed the first circumnavigation of the globe.

The European "Age of Discovery" ended with:

Ferdinand Magellan's circumnavigation of the globe.

percentage of a pie chart to ocean size for Artic, Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian

Pacific-50% Indian-20% Atlantic-25% Artic-5%

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. mantle

contains minerals rich in iron and magnesium, between the crust and the core, and has the second largest volume according to the chemical classification

Which of the following best describes why the 2010 earthquake in Chile caused a large tsunami while the 2010 earthquake in Haiti only caused a small and local tsunami?

The earthquake in Haiti was the result of motion on a transform boundary, which does not produce any vertical motion of the sea floor, whereas the Chilean earthquake was the result of motion along a convergent plate boundary, which does.

Radiometric dating is used to determine the ages of rocks.

True

In science, which one of the following would be considered an observation?

Waves are seen to approach the beach at an angle.

What is a nebula?

a large, diffuse cloud of dust and gas in space

In the video, which one of the following items separates out of the mixture almost immediately once the shaking stops?

air bubbles

The average depth of the world's oceans is approximately:

3,682 meters (12,080 feet).

When did our Solar System begin to form?

5 billion years ago

How did our Solar System begin to form?

A large cloud of dust and gas began to contract under the force of gravity.

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. A. oxygen B. water vapor C. carbon dioxide D. methane E. ammonia

A. oxygen

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases.A. Adriatic B. Black C. Caspian D. Indian E. Mediterranean

D. Indian

The first person we are aware of who determined the circumference of the Earth using trigonometry and the angle of sunlight at Alexandria, Egypt, was:

Eratosthenes.

In the video, it states that Protoearth (the early Earth) had a composition that was homogenous. What does the term homogenous mean?

It means that it was well mixed and uniform in composition throughout.

How does the experiment shown in the video relate to an important class topic?

It shows how Earth's interior and its oceans became layered based on density.

After allowing time for settling, what eventually happens to the highest density material?

It sinks to the bottom.

Of the following statements about the asthenosphere, which is/are true?

The asthenosphere is a plastic layer that extends from the base of the lithosphere to a depth of about 700 kilometers (430 miles) The asthenosphere is very hot and contains areas of partially molten rock.

How are the materials that make up Earth's interior stratified (layered) in relation to their densities?

The highest density materials are concentrated at Earth's core, while lower density materials are located closer to Earth's Surface.

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. lithosphere

crust and the uppermost mantle consisting of a solid rock layer

Based on the concept of isostatic adjustment, which of the following would result in the uplift of Earth's surface?

lithosphere that was made to be less dense lithosphere that was thickened by mountain building lithosphere that was heated by hot asthenosphere

The water in Earth's oceans came __________.

mostly from volcanic outgassing and partly from comets

The mechanism by which populations evolve and new species develop is called:

natural selection.

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. asthenosphere

plastic (capable of flow) portion of the upper mantle beneath the lithosphere