OCE ch 14

The migratory routes of many commercially important baleen whales are poorly known.

False

One adaptation for deep diving in marine mammals is an increase in heart rate during the dive.

false

Sharks have lunate caudal fins.

false

Strategies for staying afloat in pelagic environments include a swim bladder, increased body fat and increased body density.

false

The Odontoceti or toothed whales include the humpback, the gray, and the sperm whales.

false

Match the organism with the correct taxonomic classification. gray whale

Order Cetacea, Suborder Mysticeti

Match the organism with the correct taxonomic classification. bottlenose dolphin

Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti

Match the organism with the correct taxonomic classification. killer whale

Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti

Match the organism with the correct taxonomic classification. sperm whale

Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. goatfish

forked caudal fin

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. herring

forked caudal fin

Where do amphipods live?

in bottom mud

Where do dolphins generate sounds for use in echolocation?

in the blowhole

One of the prey items of baleen whales are krill. What are krill?

small shrimp-like organisms

What are krill?

small shrimp-like organisms

All the following are baleen whales except :

sperm whales.

What type of caudal fin is characteristic of fast-swimming fish that migrate long distances?

lunate fins

Of the following statements about schooling, which is/are true?

-Schooling reduces the percentage of ocean volume in which a cruising predator might find one of their kind. -More than half of all fish species are known to join schools during at least a portion of their lives. -Schools can move and appear as one large and dangerous fish, thus preventing a predator from attacking.

Of the following adaptations, which is/are used by various pelagic organisms to keep them from sinking?

-intricate ornamental body projections -fatty organs that effectively increase buoyancy -swim bladders that use gas to regulate buoyancy -soft, gelatinous bodies with little if any hard tissue

Match the organism with the correct taxonomic classification. walrus

Order Carnivora

Of the following groups of organisms, which is/are considered zooplankton?

-Copepods -Radiolarians -Jellyfish -Krill

Of the following statements about the characteristics of marine mammals, which is/are true?

-Marine mammals evolved from land species. -Marine mammals bear live young. -Marine mammals are warm-blooded. -Marine mammals must surface to breathe air. -Marine mammals have hair (or fur) during at least some stage of their development.

Of the following characteristics, which is/are true of marine mammals of order Sirenia?

-They are the only vegetarian marine mammals. -Sirenians include manatees, which have nails on their front flippers. -They live in shallow water and move slowly, which can often endanger them to being run over by boats. -They have a paddle-like tail and rounded front flippers. -They have sparse hairs that are concentrated around the mouth but cover their bodies.

How does sonar work?

A sound signal is bounced off the ocean floor.

All the following are adaptations to staying above the ocean floor except :

All the above are correct.

What is the harbor seal controversy at Children's Pool in La Jolla California about?

Do harbor seals have the right to use the beach at Children's Pool?

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Please identify the word and/or phrase that does NOT fit the pattern. Enter only the letter of the answer (caps, no period, and not the full entry) in the field below. A. copepods B. foraminiferans C. krill D. radiolarians E. squid.

E. squid.

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Please identify the word and/or phrase that does NOT fit the pattern. Enter only the letter of the answer (caps, no period, and not the full entry) in the field below. A. anal B. caudal C. dorsal D. pelvic E. ventral

E. ventral

How are echolocation and sonar different?

Echolocation is used by dolphins and whales, whereas sonar is a data collection tool developed by people.

What is the main opposition of having harbor seals at Children's Pool in La Jolla?

Harbor seals defecate in the water, producing high levels of bacteria in the water offshore.

What evidence exists that harbor seals have always been in the area?

The existence of a rock offshore known as Seal Rock.

A group of animals that "violates" the trophic pyramid by feeding on organisms two or three levels below it is the _________.

Mysticeti or baleen whales

Match the organism with the correct taxonomic classification. fur seal

Order Carnivora

Which of the following is not a member of the Order Carnivora?

Sperm whales

What does a dolphin's melon do?

The melon focuses sound waves during emission.

How do gray whales collect and eat such small organisms?

They use their baleen to filter prey items from their environment.

Why was the seawall constructed in La Jolla?

To create a quiet beach behind the seawall that is free of large waves so that children can safely use the beach.

Photophores are cells found in bioluminescent organisms that may contain bioluminescent bacteria and the pigment luciferin.

True

Plates of baleen resemble what common household item?

a broom

Which set of fins is used as stabilizers?

anal and dorsal

Which of the following is an example of commensalism?

barnacles attached to the surface of a large migrating whale

Which fin(s) is/are most commonly used for moving fast?

caudal

Because the area has not yet been designated as a marine sanctuary, lifeguards are allowed to do what so that people can use the beach?

chase the harbor seals off the beach

Microscopic, shrimplike animals that have a hard exoskeleton that can be either herbivorous, carnivorous, or parasitic are called:

copepods.

What does sonar data tell us about the seafloor?

depth, shape, and composition

Because of the scarcity of food in the deep-sea environment, many organisms rely on _________ as their principal source of food.

detritus

Sea lions are easily distinguished from seals because they:

have external ears.

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. tiger shark

heterocercal caudal fin

The caudal fin shape that is asymmetrical, with most of the mass in the upper lobe, is a:

heterocercal fin.

Fossil evidence indicates that modern whales have evolved from ancestors similar to the _________.

hippopotamus

This marine mammal:

is a small mammal with dense fur and lack an insulating blubber layer.

Cruisers are thought to have relatively high body temperature because:

it increases the power output of muscle tissue.

The cultural tradition and government-ordered capture of pilot whales for food by Faroe Islanders in the North Atlantic is deemed __________.

legal aboriginal subsistence whaling

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. blue marlin

lunate caudal fin

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. bluefin tuna

lunate caudal fin

The oxygen-storing compound in the red muscle tissue of fishes is called _________.

myoglobin

The stinging cells used by cnidarians to capture prey are called _________.

nematocysts

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. flounder

rounded caudal fin

Identify the adaptation that allows deep-sea fishes to capture prey without exerting much energy.

sensitive lateral lines

Individual fishes within schools maintain their spacing through visual contact and _________.

the lateral line system

Which side of the baleen faces inside the mouth on a living whale?

the more fibrous side

The most sophisticated use of sound by marine mammals is found in the _________.

toothed whales

Krill, cnidarians, and arrow worms are macroscopic zooplankton.

true

Many cetaceans can extract almost 90% of the oxygen from each breath.

true

Red muscle tissue is abundant in cruisers, while white muscle tissue is abundant in lungers.

true

We currently believe that all marine mammals evolved from land-dwelling mammals.

true

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. gray angelfish

truncate caudal fin

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. salmon

truncate caudal fin

An example of a "cruiser" is a:

tuna.

Bioluminescence is employed by deep-sea animals for all the following reasons except:

warning coloration.

The muscle tissue of a "lunger" is predominantly:

white.