OCE ch 6
poles (90 degrees)
A boundary or belt characterized by cold deserts occurs in which of the following regions?
60 degrees
A boundary or belt characterized by variable winds and stormy, cloudy weather year round occurs in which of the following regions?
pressure
A person experiences a popping feeling in their ears during the takeoff or landing of an airplane or while driving on steep mountain roads due to changes in the ________ of the atmosphere.
sea breeze
Air warmed by the land that rises and is replaced by cooler air from the ocean may produce a:
warm air is less dense than cool air so it tends to sink toward the Earth's surface.
All the following are true of the movement of Earth's atmosphere except :
to the right of their original direction.
As a result of the Coriolis effect in the northern hemisphere, winds always are deflected:
Nonrotating Earth one pair of convection cells all surface air flows toward the equator Rotating Earth three pairs of convection cells presence of trade winds and westerlies Neither all surface air flows poleward air sinks at the equator equatorial and subpolar air flows inward and upward
Circulation in the atmosphere is influenced by whether the planetary body is rotating or nonrotating. Sort the following features by whether they apply to a rotating Earth, a nonrotating Earth, or neither.
re-radiation of solar energy from Earth's surface back into the atmosphere as infrared radiation
Earth's atmosphere is heated primarily by __________.
cold, dry sinking air in the polar high regions produces little precipitation
Earth's polar regions (above 60° latitude) are classified as deserts because __________.
Rain near a cold front occurs over a smaller spatial area and is more intense than near a warm front.
How are rain patterns different near warm and cold fronts?
500 miles
How big can the diameter of a hurricane become?
The ITCZ migrates south of the equator in Northern Hemisphere winter and north of the equator in Northern Hemisphere summer.
How does the location of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) change over time?
the ocean water does not get warm enough to supply the needed heat energy for hurricanes
Hurricanes frequently make landfall on the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf coasts, but rarely, if ever, occur on the Pacific coast. The primary reason for the rarity of west coast hurricanes is that __________.
Wind near the north pole would move to the northeast, and the wind near the south pole would move to the southeast.
In which direction would winds move at the poles if Earth rotated in the opposite direction?
The surface winds will likely get stronger.
Jet streams are fast-moving streams of air high above Earth's surface. A divergence or convergence in the jet stream above a high- or low-pressure center can drive the actions of these pressure centers. If the air in the jet stream is converging or diverging faster than the air at the surface is moving out or in, the driving force of the jet stream is compensated by an increase in surface winds. A jet stream generally diverges above a low-pressure (warm) center. However, at Earth's surface, air converges at a low-pressure center. If the divergence of the jet stream is greater than the convergence of air at the surface low-pressure center below it, what will happen to the surface winds?
The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude BECAUSE it depends on the weight of the column of air above.
The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The rate of sea ice formation slows as sea ice thickens BECAUSE the ice insulates the underlying water from freezing due to its poor heat conduction.
-The Coriolis effect causes air to move counterclockwise around low pressure. -The Coriolis effect causes air to move clockwise around high pressure.
Of the following statements about the Coriolis effect in the Northern Hemisphere, which is/are true? Choose all that apply.
An increase in Earth's tilt would cause colder winters and warmer summers.
Of the following statements about the tilt of Earth's axis, which one is true? Select only one answer.
-Ocean currents move warm water from the tropics to higher latitudes. -Water vapor in the air carries latent heat with it, which is released in other areas. -Air currents move warmer air from the tropics to higher latitudes.
Of the following statements about the transfer of heat on Earth, which is/are true? Choose all that apply.
30 to 60 degrees
Storms are most common in which of the following regions?
the rotation of earth
The Coriolis effect is caused by __________.
velocity
The Coriolis effect is due to changes in the ________ of Earth with latitude.
Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees)
The Doldrums occur in which of the following regions?
2
The Trade Winds are one type of prevailing wind pattern. How many other types of prevailing winds are there among earth's global wind patterns?
winter
The atmospheric high-pressure cells over North America in the map suggest that the atmospheric patterns shown most likely represent which season for the northern hemisphere?
30%
The average albedo of Earth's surface is about:
1. D: Boundary: doldrums 2. A: Wind belt: trade winds 3. C: Wind belt: prevailing westerlies 4. F: Boundary: polar front 5. E: Wind belt: polar easterlies 6. B: Boundary: horse latitudes
The image below shows Earth's generalized atmospheric circulation pattern, including wind belts of the world. Match the correct letters to each of the following wind belts and boundary zones that are indicated in the Northern Hemisphere (note that they are mirrored in the Southern Hemisphere).
1. C: Tropic of Cancer 2. A: Equator 3. B: Tropic of Capricorn 4. D: Arctic Circle 5. E: Antarctic Circle
The image below shows Earth's position during the Northern Hemisphere summer. Correctly match the following latitudes with the corresponding letters.
1. D: Movement of spiral rain bands (arrow) 2. C: Movement of cool dry air (arrow) 3. B: Movement of warm water vapor (arrow) 4. A: Inside the eye of the hurricane
The image below shows a cut-away perspective view of a hurricane. Match the correct letter to each of the following features.
-Higher albedo would result in cooler temperatures on Earth. -Ice sheets would advance, thereby increasing Earth's overall albedo and further cooling Earth's surface.
The image below shows that about 30 percent of the Sun's energy is reflected and scattered back into space. How would a 50 percent increase in Earth's albedo impact average surface temperatures?
greater
The intensity of solar radiation received at lower latitudes (near the equator) compared to higher latitudes (near the poles) is:
troposphere
The lowermost portion of the atmosphere where most weather occurs is called the:
30 degrees
The major deserts of the world occur in which of the following regions?
western pacific
The majority of the world's tropical cyclones are formed in the waters north of the equator in the ________ Ocean.
1. E: Tropical 2. D: Subtropical 3. A: Temperate 4. C: Subpolar 5. B: Equatorial
The map below shows climatic regions of the ocean with different colors. Match the climatic region with the appropriate letter.
albedo
The percentage of solar radiation reflected from the surface of Earth back into space is known as the __________.
60 degrees
The polar front occurs in which of the following regions?
From northwest to southeast
The prevailing westerly winds blow in which of the following directions in the Southern Hemisphere?
the insulating nature of the ice itself
The thickness of sea ice is limited primarily by __________.
From northeast to southwest
The trade winds blow in which of the following directions in the Northern Hemisphere?
temperature and water vapor content
The two factors that are most important in determining the density of air are:
2
The westerlies wind belt is the area corresponding to number:
trade winds
The wind belt(s) with strong, reliable, generally easterly winds is (are) the:
1. B: Summer solstice 2. C: Winter solstice 3. D: Autumnal equinox 4. A: Vernal equinox
This image shows Earth's orbit around the Sun. Correctly match the letters with the positions of Earth (Northern Hemisphere perspective).
6
Variable winds that result in generally clear, dry, and fair conditions with minimal precipitation are labeled number:
Earth's surface is heated unevenly by the Sun
Weather (short-term conditions of air temperature, wind speed/direction, precipitation, and atmospheric pressure) occurs because __________.
The type of front is determined by which air mass is moving.
What determines whether a front is called a cold front or a warm front?
heating from the Sun
What drives Hadley cell circulation?
the boundary between two air masses of different temperatures
What is a front?
a low-pressure disturbance that develops over warm, tropical waters
What is a tropical cyclone?
cool and dry
What is the air that sinks at latitudes of 30 degrees north and south like?
the Coriolis effect
What term is used to describe the effect on air movement produced by Earth's rotation?
the subtropical highs and cool ocean currents found along the west coasts of continents
What two features are many of Earth's deserts associated with?
higher salinity
When ice forms from seawater, the remaining seawater will have a:
during the Northern Hemisphere winter
When would you expect the low-pressure cell over the North Pole to be most developed?
in the atmosphere near the equator
Where are Hadley cells found?
lower and middle latitudes
Where are tropical cyclones found?
Rain occurs along and behind a cold front.
Where does rain occur in a cold front?
Rain occurs along and in front of a warm front.
Where does rain occur in a warm front?
areas near the ITCZ
Which areas of Earth experience the most precipitation?
vortex
Which of the following is not one of the names associated with huge rotating masses of low pressure characterized by strong winds and torrential rain?
(START) Slush; Pancake Ice; Ice Floes; Sea Ice (FINISH)
Which of the following is the correct order of formation of sea ice as it forms directly from seawater?
between 5 and 30 degrees latitude between 30 and 60 degrees latitude
Which of the following locations has/have the potential to reliably harness wind power as a renewable energy source? Choose all that apply.
cyclone, hurricane, typhoon
Which of the following names mean "tropical cyclone"?
The magnitude of the Coriolis effect depends on how long the object is in motion.
Which of the following statements about the Coriolis effect is correct?
-Population increases mean that more people could report tornadoes in more areas. -Using Doppler radar more effectively allows scientists to detect more tornadoes than was previously possible.
Which of the following statements provides a possible logical explanation for the increased number of tornadoes during the 1990s and 2000s compared to the 1950s and 1960s?
south in the Southern Hemisphere and north in the Northern Hemisphere
Which way would wind travel in the region between 30 and 60 degrees latitude if Earth stopped rotating?
Equatorial regions receive more direct sunlight than other areas.
Why does air tend to rise in equatorial regions?
Rising warm air cools, resulting in cloud formation and rain.
Why does rain occur near a cold front?
Rising warm air cools, resulting in cloud formation and rain.
Why does rain occur near a warm front?
Cooled air moves north toward the equator and is deflected toward the west by the Coriolis effect.
Why does wind between the equator and 30 degrees south come out of the southeast?
Rising, moist air cools. As air cools, water condenses and eventually falls.
Why is heavy rain associated with hurricane formation?
Air cools as it rises. As air cools, water vapor will condense out as liquid water. Condensation releases heat, providing energy to the hurricane.
Why is warm, moist air considered the "fuel" for a hurricane?
on hw
look at hurricane development picture question
